Dark Room Research Articles

A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence array chip for portable label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with smartphone

SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection plays a key role in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. However, current clinically used immunoassays are often limited by assay throughput, sensitivity, accuracy, and field operating conditions. To address these challenges, we constructed a self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) array chip (SE2AC) for highly sensitive and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) with a facile and portable assay setup. Firstly, the self-enhanced ECL nanomaterials with inherent film-forming properties were synthesized by co-doping Ru(bpy)32+ and polyethyleneimine (PEI) in silica nanoparticles (Ru/PEI@SiO2). Secondly, a resistance-induced potential difference-based single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) was adapted to serve as the electrode array to facilitate one-step assembly without the need for chip alignment. Thirdly, the chip electrode array was functionalized with the synthesized self-enhanced ECL emitters and captured antibodies. In addition, a portable detection box equipped with a smartphone was 3D-printed to serve as the chip holder and “dark room” for imaging acquisition. The SE2AC performance was validated with N protein with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 pg/mL in the range of 1–10,000 pg/mL. Furthermore, the chip successfully detected the viral antigen residue as low as 1.92 pg/mL from diluted rehabilitation patients’ serum samples. This is the first study reporting label-free detection of SARS-Cov-2 N protein based on a self-enhanced ECL immunosensor, which provides a novel facile method for highly sensitive diagnosis of COVID-19 with high throughput, portability, and low cost.

Poster Session: Comparison of brightness and vividness of colors with different background colors in PCCS.

The purpose of this study was to compare the brightness and vividness of color on different-colored backgrounds. The stimuli were 173 patches of colors lying within the Practical Color Co-ordinate System (PCCS). The backgrounds were three achromatic colors: white, mid-gray, and black. Each color patch was pasted on mounts colored each of the background colors, making 519 combinations. Participants evaluated the stimuli on scales of bright to dark (brightness) and vivid to dull (vividness) using the Visual Analog Scale app on an iPad. They viewed the stimuli in a D65 standard light source booth in a dark room. The brightness and vividness scores for the three background colors were compared using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons for each color. It was found that, for both brightness and vividness scores, there were considerably smaller differences between a white and a black background than between a black and a gray background or a white and a gray background. Color bias was shown, with significant differences arising compared to the PCCS tone. Brightness and vividness evaluations were correlated; thus, they were integrated using Principal Component Analysis. The loading of the first principal component was 0.826, and this new integrated dimension was termed "Brilliantness."

Color stability of anthocyanin extract from wastewater of purple sweet potato starch processing

The wastewater from PSP starch extraction was then filtered, concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 55°C, and investigated to evaluate its stability which was influenced by pH, light, storage temperature, heat, sugar, and salt concentrations. The results showed that the highest anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and color stability were found in wastewater extracted from starch using water as an insulating agent for starch. The color of PSP starch wastewater using water as starch isolation agent has good stability for 15 days of storage at dark room temperature, and is stable at pH 3.0 – 9.0, heated at 100°C for 15 minutes, and in a solution of 10-50% and 10-30 % each concentration of sugar and salt.

Event fusion photometric stereo network

Photometric stereo methods typically rely on RGB cameras and are usually performed in a dark room to avoid ambient illumination. Ambient illumination poses a great challenge in photometric stereo due to the restricted dynamic range of the RGB cameras. To address this limitation, we present a novel method, namely Event Fusion Photometric Stereo Network (EFPS-Net), which estimates the surface normals of an object in an ambient light environment by utilizing a deep fusion of RGB and event cameras. The high dynamic range of event cameras provides a broader perspective of light representations that RGB cameras cannot provide. Specifically, we propose an event interpolation method to obtain ample light information, which enables precise estimation of the surface normals of an object. By using RGB-event fused observation maps, our EFPS-Net outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods that depend only on RGB frames, resulting in a 7.94% reduction in mean average error. In addition, we curate a novel photometric stereo dataset by capturing objects with RGB and event cameras under numerous ambient light environments.

Determination of the Frequency of Migraine Attacks in Pregnant Women and the Ways They Cope with Headaches: A Cross-Sectional Study.

One out of every five women of reproductive age suffers from migraine. Although headaches subside in most women during pregnancy, attacks continue and even worsen in some women. Pregnant women try to relieve pain with medication or non-pharmacological treatment methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the incidence of migraine attacks in pregnant women diagnosed with migraine and the ways they cope with headaches. The study included 191 pregnant women who were diagnosed with migraine in the pre-pregnancy period. McNemar analysis was performed to test the relationship between descriptive statistical methods and categorical variables when the data were analyzed. The mean gestational age of the participants was 28.31 ± 8.64 weeks, and their mean age at the onset of migraine was 20.74 ± 5.63 years. The comparison of the duration, frequency, and severity of headaches suffered before and during pregnancy demonstrated that there were statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). The frequency of using methods such as taking painkillers, resting in a dark room, and having cold application and massage to relieve headaches before pregnancy decreased statistically significantly during pregnancy (p < 0.05). As a result, the frequency and severity of migraines decrease during pregnancy. The tendency to resort to pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods used to relieve headaches decreases during pregnancy. Although migraine has many adverse effects on pregnancy, pregnant women do not demand satisfactory information from health professionals about migraine headaches during pregnancy.

The Dark Room Problem: Scapegoating and Audience Complicity in Twelfth Night

ABSTRACT In Twelfth Night (1601–02), the pressure to enforce a comedic ending competes with problematic and overtly abusive behaviors towards certain characters, particularly the steward Malvolio, who is identified as a target for scapegoating by a persecuting group. As Malvolio is subject to mounting pressures to take in the projections of the group, the mistreatment levied against him gains in cruelty, culminating with his imprisonment in a dark room. While the “pranksters” seek to drive him mad, the figures in power ensure their own narcissistically satisfying ending, at the expense of those stripped of control and dignity. The role of the audience becomes a complex matter by the end, as applauding a problematic play meant to be funny invites a degree of collusion with those who would enforce scapegoating dynamics.

Narcofeminist ‘chemsex’: Rethinking sexualised drug use in a shifting queer landscape marked by public health emergency

The potential of sexualised drug use to enact the queer body is largely unaccounted for within the expert public health knowledges where ‘chemsex’ is produced as a predominantly cisgender gay male practice harmful to health. Underpinned by such logics, COVID-19 prevention measures in 2020–2021 limited urban nightlife, which can be thought of as a queer ‘intimate infrastructure’, restricting chemsex to the home. Such changes in routine afforded by public health emergencies provide a particularly clear glimpse into the emergent and situated production of queer bodies. Drawing on ontopolitical research in drug studies, which treats bodily capacities as products of sociomaterial arrangements, I explore the generative effects that emerge from a shifting landscape of sex and drug practices. I draw on in-depth qualitative interviews with members of queer feminist collectives in Berlin, Germany at the time of the lockdowns to ask: what kind of community is enacted through an abrupt transformation in the material settings of sexualised drug use? I argue that the landscape of the home was co-constitutive of a queer narcofeminist collective body, providing an incisive rebuke not only of public health discourse on chemsex, but also of the bifurcation of ‘intimate infrastructure’ into the privatised heteronormative home versus the public gay dark room.

Antenna Directional Pattern Testing System Based on Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Obtaining azimuth data of antennas after installation on actual platforms (such as large aircraft, ships, etc.) is crucial for effectively analyzing the platform's impact on the antennas and facilitating optimization and improvement. Traditional testing methods are unable to accurately and efficiently acquire azimuth data due to significant differences between measurements in a dark room and the actual conditions. With the rapid development of drone technology, unmanned aerial platforms have been widely utilized in various engineering fields. Utilizing the flexibility of drones in three-dimensional space and their ability to be precisely controlled through RTK technology, it is possible to use drones equipped with test antennas to measure the azimuth pattern by receiving spectrum signals transmitted by antennas on real platforms. In order to achieve precise angle control, a gimbal system is designed to control the angle of the test antenna. The effectiveness of the entire testing system is verified through experimental results.

Risk Factors for Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among College Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Sophisticated technology provides many conveniences for humans, as well as education that cannot be separated from it, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic in which the learning methods are carried out online. This is what causes the intensity of using a computer or laptop to increase so that it can trigger the occurrence of visual impairment, namely Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). There is no definite data regarding CVS and CVS research on university students, especially in Surabaya, is still very small. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for CVS among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This research was analytic observational research with a cross-sectional research design. This research was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021. The sampling method used was a systematic random sampling addressed to 249 Public Health undergraduate students from the second, fourth, and sixth semesters. The instrument used was CVS-Q with additional questions related to respondent identity, medical history, and computer-usage behavior. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by calculating the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Gender (OR = 2.54) and a history of eye disorders (OR = 4.01) were risk factors for Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in S1 Public Health Science students. Conclusions: This research shows that the risk factors for CVS are gender and a history of eye disorders. The students who use computers with high intensity should take CVS precautions, such as applying the 20-20-20 rule, using anti-radiation glasses, adjusting the brightness of the computer screen, adding an anti-glare on the computer screen, avoiding working in a dark room, and performing an ergonomic body position when using a computer.

The NectarCAM timing system

NectarCAM is a Cherenkov camera which is going to equip the Medium-Sized Telescopes (MST) of the northern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). NectarCAM is equipped with 265 modules, each consisting of 7 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs), a Front-End Board and a local camera trigger system used for data acquisition. This paper addresses the timing performance of NectarCAM which are crucial to reduce the noise in shower images and improve image cleaning as well as to discriminate between gamma-ray photons and cosmic-ray background and finally to allow coincidence identification with neighboring telescopes for stereoscopic operations. Verification tests of the system have been performed in a dark room using various light sources to illuminate the first NectarCAM unit. The resulting timing precision and accuracy of the trigger arrival relative to a laser source, of individual and multiple pixel signals have been studied and are shown to comply to CTAO requirements.

Fabrication of photoluminescent electrically conductive and flame-retardant cellulose fabric incorporating polyaniline/strontium aluminate nanocomposite for a plethora of useful applications

The pad dry cure method was used to coat linen fibers with a smart nanocomposite that has photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, flame resistance, and hydrophobic properties. Environmentally benign silicone rubber (RTV) was utilized to encapsulate rare-earth activated strontium aluminate nanoparticles (RESAN; 10–18 nm), polyaniline (PANi) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into linen surface. The flame resistance of the treated linen fabrics was evaluated for their self-extinguishing capabilities. The flame-retardant qualities of linen were retained for 24 washings. Additionally, the superhydrophobicity of the treated linen has markedly improved upon increasing the concentration of RESAN. The colorless luminous film deposited onto linen surface was excited at 365 nm and emitted a wavelength of 518 nm. In accordance with the results of CIE (Commission internationale de l'éclairage) Lab and luminescence analysis, the photoluminescent linen gave rise to diverse colors, including off-white in daylight, green beneath UV radiation and greenish-yellow in a darkened room. The treated linen displayed sustained phosphorescence, as evidenced by decay time spectroscopy. The bending length and air permeability of linen were evaluated for their mechanical and comfort assessment. Finally, the coated linens exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity along with strong UV protection.

Renovation of residences from previous historical eras and styles

The central part of historic cities is developed by ordinary residential buildings that do not correspond to the current architectural and functional requirements and building codes, and therefore require comprehensive reconstruction. Therefore, it is essential to explore the types of residential development in historic cities and the current state of the planning structure of historic apartments, which will allow for professional restoration in the future. The purpose of this research was to determine the current state of historic buildings, and their architectural features, and to propose the basic principles of reconstruction of residential buildings of different historical eras. The research used general scientific research methods (method of comparison, method of analysis) and special methods: typological classification, architectural and planning, three-dimensional, stylistic and retrospective analysis, and graphic comparison. It has been established that in modern urban development today there is a significant share of residential buildings from previous historical eras and styles, consisting of: detached urban estates with their courtyard, ordinary street buildings of 2-4 floors with courtyards, offices and entrance gates, multi-storey buildings, etc. Detached urban estates have now lost their original function as housing and are mainly used as public facilities. Residential buildings of street-level construction have several disadvantages, from the chaotic redevelopment of apartments with access to bathrooms through kitchens or the development of dark rooms to the loss of structural stability of the buildings. Thus, to improve the comfort level of existing apartments in residential buildings from previous historical eras, it is advisable to develop comprehensive programmes for the reconstruction of this type of housing. The practical value of this research is that the recommendations for the reconstruction and preservation of residential buildings from previous historical eras can be used in the reconstruction of existing residential buildings in the central historical cities of Ukraine, and considered in strategies for the reconstruction of residential buildings after the end of the Russian-Ukrainian war

Calibration Facility for Detector Strings for the KM3NeT/ARCA Neutrino Telescope at the Capacity Laboratory

KM3NeT is a network of submarine Cherenkov neutrino telescopes under construction at two different sites in the Mediterranean Sea. ARCA, near Sicily in Italy, is optimised for the detection of cosmic neutrinos while ORCA, near Toulon in France, is optimized for atmospheric neutrinos. ARCA and ORCA are both arrays of thousands of optical sensors (Digital Optical Modules - DOMs), each consisting of 31 small photomultipliers (PMTs) housed inside a glass sphere, which detect the Cherenkov light produced by the secondary particles generated in the neutrino interactions. 18 DOMs are arranged on flexible strings, referred to as vertical Detection Units (DUs), anchored to the sea floor. Once completed, ARCA and ORCA will consist of 230 and 115 DUs, respectively. Each DOM of a string communicates at a dedicated wavelength to the shore station via a network of optical fibers transmitting optical and acoustic signal information as well as orientation information. Before the deployment, each DU is tested and calibrated in a dark room. The test bench is equipped with a full data acquisition system for communication, data processing, and time synchronisation. Several steps are needed to accomplish the DU calibration, including the High-Voltage (HV) tuning of the PMTs, checking of the acoustic receivers and calibration light sources in the DOM, and time calibration using laser signals distributed to all DOMs. Here, we describe the DU test and calibration facility at the CAPACITY laboratory (Campania AstroPArtiCle InfrastrucTure facilitY) in Caserta, focusing on the functional tests and calibrations performed at the end of the DU integration.

New Strategies Show Promise for Concussion

New Strategies Show Promise for Concussion

An Analysis of Gothic Literature: Spatial Fears in Suat Derviş’s Novels

Suat Derviş is one of the important writers of Turkish Literature in the Republican Period. She has works in such different genres as a columnist, short story, translation and novel. She is often associated with social realism. However, gothic themes were found in her first novels. Sin, revenge, death, suicide, black spirits, bloody murder, and the seizure of the soul by the devil are the common themes and events of her novels. Places such as graves, hell, mysterious mansions, dark rooms and undergrounds were generally accompanied by night, lightning, wind, and autumn. Fantastic events and imaginary people created an atmosphere of fear and tension.&#x0D; The study aims to reveal the characteristics of gothic literature and how the place is handled in Suat Derviş’s novels Kara Kitap, Ne Bir Ses Ne Bir Nefes, Buhran Gecesi, Fatma’nın Günahı, Onu Bekliyorum, Onları Ben Öldürdüm. The study also intends to examine the effect of the space phenomena in creating the gothic atmosphere. In the novels, rural areas, graves, mysterious rooms and objects, hell, and scary and dark places have been identified and subjected to a categorical classification.

Implementation of PSO algorithm on MPPT PV System using Arduino Uno under PSC

The availability of fossil energy sources decreases as consumers' demand for electrical energy increases rapidly. Currently, the utilization of renewable energy sources is crucial. PV is a renewable energy source that converts photon energy into DC current. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) control technology for photovoltaics has advanced significantly. PV is unique in that its P-V characteristic curve is non-linear. Conditions of partial shading can cause the P-V curve to have multiple peaks. This research will design MPPT PV using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in partially shaded conditions with an Arduino Uno and boost converter. Conventional algorithms, incremental conductance (IC), and Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) are implemented as a comparison. The purpose of implementing the PSO algorithm is to find the global peak of power to minimize power losses of PV. It leads to optimal power in case of partial shading conditions. Two PV modules are arranged in series for MPPT in a partially shaded environment. The examination was conducted in a darkened room with spotlights. The mean absolute percentage error of the current sensor, INA219, and the voltage sensor, voltage divider, was less than 1% during testing. The MPPT PV system test results indicate that the PSO algorithm can extract approximately 1.64 Watts of average power. In contrast, the IC and P&amp;O algorithms can extract about 1.25 Watts and 1.41 Watts, respectively. When no algorithm exists in the control system, the extracted power is approximately 1.13 watts. Thus, the PSO algorithm tracks global or optimal power under partial shading conditions.

Ethical AI does not have to be like finding a black cat in a dark room

Ethical AI does not have to be like finding a black cat in a dark room

The Greek Connection: The Life of Elias Demetracopoulos and the Untold Story of Watergate by James H. Barron, and: Ένα σκοτεινό δωμάτιο, 1967–1974: Ο Ιωαννίδης και η παγίδα της Κύπρου—Τα πετρέλαια στο Αιγαίο—Ο ρόλος των Αμερικανών [A dark room, 1967–1974: Ioannidis and the Cyprus trap—Aegean oil—The role of the Americans]. by Alexis Papahelas (Αλέξης Παπαχελάς)

Reviewed by: The Greek Connection: The Life of Elias Demetracopoulos and the Untold Story of Watergate by James H. Barron, and: Ένα σκοτεινό δωμάτιο, 1967–1974: Ο Ιωαννίδης και η παγίδα της Κύπρου—Τα πετρέλαια στο Αιγαίο—Ο ρόλος των Αμερικανών [A dark room, 1967–1974: Ioannidis and the Cyprus trap—Aegean oil—The role of the Americans]. by Alexis Papahelas (Αλέξης Παπαχελάς) Konstantina E. Botsiou (bio) James H. Barron, The Greek Connection: The Life of Elias Demetracopoulos and the Untold Story of Watergate. New York: Melville House. 2020. Pp. xiii + 482. 21 illustrations. Hardcover $31.67. Alexis Papahelas (Αλέξης Παπαχελάς), Ένα σκοτεινό δωμάτιο, 1967–1974: Ο Ιωαννίδης και η παγίδα της Κύπρου—Τα πετρέλαια στο Αιγαίο—Ο ρόλος των Αμερικανών[A dark room, 1967–1974: Ioannidis and the Cyprus trap—Aegean oil—The role of the Americans]. Athens: Metechmio, 2021. Pp. 630. Cloth €18.90. Due to a scarcity of archival sources and the aversion of historians, the foreign and defense policies of the seven-year Greek military dictatorship (1967–1974) have not been systematically researched. Although more widely explored than most of the dictatorship’s foreign connections, Greek-American relations during this period are no exception to the rule. Ideologically driven interpretations or “what ifs” hardly substitute for structured analyses of alliances, animosities, and political decisions. As a matter of fact, they strengthen the superficial perception of the junta as a tragic parenthesis in the history of postwar Greece. This tendency is changing, however, and two recent publications are especially noteworthy. James H. Barron and Alexis Papahelas both present detailed accounts of the dictators’ worldviews and actions. They also offer thorough overviews of the Greek political ecosystem in the 1950s and 1960s, where the future dictators thrived. Various continuities and discontinuities with the earlier period place the dictatorship in a historical context driven by anticommunism—and its local version, εθνικοφροσύνη (ethnikofrosyni)—which the colonels took up as their mission when Greek politicians loosened their grip in the era of international détente. Committed to the zeitgeist of bipolarity, the colonels baptized personal competitors as enemies of the state. Barron’s story of Elias Demetracopoulos’s multiple persecutions by Greek and American officials before and during the dictatorship captivates the reader. Demetracopoulos suffered the various types of character assassination that an [End Page 137] assertive journalist posing inconvenient questions would undergo. A prominent example of his research concerned the stationing of nuclear missiles on Greek soil as a result of the “Sputnik effect.” Demetracopoulos maintained many doubts about the Greek government’s denial of any participation in the US program of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), which had involved Italy and Turkey before the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. He believed that Greek participation in the ICBM program would be vital for alleviating the West’s feeling of technological inferiority after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite, which suggested that the American soil became vulnerable to a potential Soviet attack (105–110). The refusal to accept the Greek government’s denials severely damaged Demetracopoulos’s relations with the Greek premier Konstantinos Karamanlis (1955–1963). Similar difficulties awaited Demetracopoulos in the US. His close ties with top American public figures were frequently undermined by unforgiving cold warriors who saw in Demetracopoulos a threat to the dominant narrative of law and order. These contradictions underscore the difference that personality can make in any given historical situation. Barron paints a comprehensive portrait of Demetracopoulos, a devoted journalist who earned exceptional resistance credentials as a teenager during the Axis occupation. He later spent his adult life in the twilight zone between censure and shelter by Greek and American agencies and individuals who ranged from committed friends and acquaintances to various top politicians such as Konstantinos Karamanlis, George Papandreou, and Ted Kennedy. In the 1950s, Demetracopoulos had built a reputation as a trustworthy liaison between the Greek media and the American community in Greece. Shortly after the establishment of the military dictatorship he sought refuge in the US via Denmark, acting out of a justified fear that assassination attempts would no longer be limited to his character. Barron’s book stresses for American audiences the Greek dimension of the Watergate scandal. Fate reserved for Demetracopoulos a crucial part in the history of both the junta and the Nixon administration, since it was he who came to reveal the Nixon administration’s “Greek connection.” According to his reports at the...

Cultural Beliefs and Traditional Practices During Pregnancy, Child Birth, and the Postpartum Period in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study.

Many countries invest in interventions to minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality but the progress has been slow, in developing countries, especially in Africa. Traditional taboos and malpractices like home deliveries owing to cultural beliefs and traditional practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period increase maternal and neonatal complications. Although there are different researches in Ethiopia, the reasons for practicing such traditional activities in the East Gojjam zone in northwest Ethiopia are not well understood. Ethical clearance was obtained from the research committee of Debre Markos University. This study aimed to explore cultural beliefs and traditional practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Purposive and snowball nonprobability sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions until the information was saturated and it was categorized and analyzed after the interviews were completed. The translated text file was analyzed using thematic analysis using codes and terms to create themes. Information from the interview consists of the women's descriptions and explanations of their cultural practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. Respondents report many examples of cultural, traditional, and religious practices experienced by the community in East Gojjam Zone during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, whether they are beneficial or harmful for the mother and the fetus. Drinking holy water, praying to God and Mary, taking herbal medicine, food taboo, making a confinement period in a dark room, and other cultural ceremonies are among commonly experienced cultural, traditional, and religious practices in the study area. Traditional, cultural, and religious practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are still popular among the community in the East Gojjam Zone. It is critical to identify the harmful practices and reinforce the positive healthy practices to make pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods healthy and joyful.

Imaging iridotrabecular contact in angle closure.

With ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), radial scans are taken by using a typical ciliary process, to show the details of the iridocorneal angle, the anterior surface of the ciliary body, and its relation to the posterior iris. Appositional closure represents potentially reversible contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork. The appositional closure can further be classified according to the configuration of iridotrabecular contact (ITC). UBM can be performed in dark and light conditions, which has been shown to be useful for detecting changes in iridocorneal angle configuration associated with dark and light. To image ITC configuration in appositional angle closure and also image iridocorneal angle in dark and bright light room illumination. Synopsis: UBM demonstrates two types of ITC configuration in appositional closure which are, B-type and S-type. It can also demonstrate the presence of sinus of Mapstone in S-type of ITC. UBM allows imaging of dynamic changes in the iris and shows that the degree of appositional angle closure is a dynamic process that can change rapidly depending on the lighting conditions. https://youtu.be/tgN4SLyx6wQ.