Dark Past Research Articles

Revisiting dark pasts: the portrayal of Jewish minority and audience responses to the Netflix series The Club

ABSTRACT The Club, a Turkish series exclusively produced for Netflix, challenges the official historical narrative of modern Turkey by depicting the experiences of minorities on the brink of the country’s political upheaval. It highlights the state’s complex relations with its minorities and historical events that are often silenced in the official historical narrative. This study looks at how Turkey’s dark pasts pertaining to its religious minorities are portrayed in The Club and the ways in which its audience respond to these dark pasts. It argues that the audience of The Club recreates the silences about the past, resulting in the denial or rationalization of state violence, while emphasizing a nostalgic multi-cultural past.

Abuses of the past by the Italian far right: a first assessment of the Meloni government

ABSTRACT Collective memory plays an important part in the ideational and cultural battlegrounds that characterise current European politics. The mobilisation and manipulation of the memory of Nazi-fascism, in particular, is a growing political and academic concern, related to the rise of far right parties throughout the continent and the mainstreaming of their ideas and positions. Focusing on the case of Italy, this article examines three recent examples of abuses of the country’s past committed by Fratelli d’Italia, a far right party with a direct lineage to fascism, and the pivot of the current Italian government. By analysing the three episodes in light of a conceptual triad of abuses of the dark past – historical reassessment; fake history; evocation-cum-denial of fascist connections – the article shows how post-fascist FdI has engaged in the whole gamut of memory abuses rapidly, and shortly after rising to power. This in turn raises concerns about the effects of such mnemonic manipulations on the cultural underpinning of Italian democracy, given the party’s current position of political, institutional, and cultural influence.

Tragedi Pelanggaran HAM di Masa Orde Baru: Pencarian Keadilan dan Keterbukaan

The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of human rights violations during the New Order period in Indonesia on the process of seeking justice. Through a qualitative research approach in the form of literature studies and content analysis, it is used to identify patterns of practices that inhibit openness in the Indonesian legal system. The results of the study highlight the importance of comprehensive legal reform to remedy this dark past, as well as to create a fairer and more transparent legal system for all citizens. The implication of this study is the need for concrete actions to strengthen independent and transparent law enforcement agencies and ensure that past human rights violations are prosecuted fairly. Thus, this article emphasizes the urgency to achieve greater justice in the Indonesian legal system.

From death rays to antimatter

Bruno Touschek was an Austrian-born theoretical physicist who proposed what became the world’s first circular particle collider. But as Giulia Pancheri describes, few colleagues were aware of a dark past, which saw him work on a “death-ray” device for the Nazi military.

Letter to My City

<p>In this poem-letter the speaker addresses their hometown, a place of familiarity and contradiction. Through exploring the dark past of Southern North Carolina an intimate account of living in community is illustrated.</p>

“Aves de toda especie”: representaciones sociales de la homosexualidad en la prensa en Antioquia, Colombia, 1960-2000

Objective/Context: This article explores, from the perspective of cultural history, the social representations produced by the press about homosexuality in Antioquia (Colombia) during the second half of the twentieth century. In doing so, it aims to approach the figure of the sexual monster, the ridiculous homosexual, the infectious “faggot”, the individual explainable by science, and the subject who conquers its citizenship and disputes its rights. Methodology: The discourses and representations of homosexuality in the newspapers Sucesos Sensacionales, El Colombiano and the radio newspaper El Clarín were identified; an interpretative matrix was constructed by cross-referencing cultural elements of the context with journalistic representations. Originality: The period 1960-2000 corresponds to an unexplored period on the subject. Its revision is articulated with the observation of previous and parallel representations of the processes of homosexual liberation and the conquest of rights: the decades of 1960-1970, the emergence of hiv/aids in 1980, and the appearance of a series of social organizations around the anti-aids struggle in the 1990s accompanied by the juridical-political path traced by social movements. Conclusion: During this period, a homosexual subject emerges who, in addition to being outlined by the media, begins to postulate an image of himself that tensions the field of representations. Despite pointing to changes associated with freedoms and rights, the novelties in the press - influenced by international and local contexts and contested by everyday practices that claimed sex/gender dissidence - also pose a conservative counter-response that reinstates old ghosts and prejudices. Thus, this is not a linear and progressive history that moves from darkness to light, that is, from a dark past of violence and denial to the conquest of rights, but reflects diverse continuities and simultaneities in the representation of homosexuality.

Rescue for Political Use: The Populist Consensus on the Fate of Bulgarian Jews During the Second World War

Abstract In recent years, the fate of the Jews in Bulgaria during the Second World War has aroused the research interest of humanities scholars from various disciplines, with a number of studies published (see e.g., and many of the following cited (Avramov 2012. “Спасение” и падение. Микроикономика на държавния антисемитизъм в България, 1940–1944 [“Rescue” and fall. Microeconomics of State Anti-semitism in Bulgaria, 1940–1944]. Sofia: Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski; Daneva 2013; Krsteva 2015; Koleva 2017)). Many rely on research on the construction of memory. At the same time, fewer research efforts seem to have focused on how the topic has become politicized in the years since 1989 (see e.g. Benatov 2013. “Debating the Fate of Bulgarian Jews during World War II.” In Bringing the Dark Past to Light the Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe, edited by John-Paul Himka, and Joanna Beata Michlic, 108–31. University of Nebraska Press; Ragaru 2020. Et les Juifs bulgares furent sauvе… Une histoire des savoirs sur la Shoah en Bulgarie. Paris: Science Po). The aim of this paper is to offer precisely this perspective on the topic of non/rescue, and in the last ten years. Politicization has traditionally been understood as the process of attributing salience to an issue of public interest through various channels such as political discourse and media, and in the presence of the multiple and diverse opinions associated with it (de Wilde, Pieter. 2011. “No polity for old politics? A framework for analyzing the politicization of European integration.” Journal of European Integration 33 (5): 559–75; de Wilde, Pieter, Anna Leupold, and Henning Schmidtke. 2016. “Introduction: the differentiated politicisation of European governance.” West European Politics 39 (1): 3–22). In some texts on the politicization of the migration crisis in Bulgaria in the years since 2012, the author shows how a topic can be politicized in the absence of political debate and in the context of a dominant populist understanding, multiplied by various power actors – politicians, institutions, media and intellectuals (see e.g. Otova, Ildiko, and Evelina Staykova. 2022. Migration and Populism in Bulgaria. London: Routledge). For the purposes of this paper, by politicization the author will understand the blurring of ideological differences of interpretations of who the savior is in a populist consensus around the construction of the rescue narrative for foreign policy use, but mostly as a nation-building narrative. The focus of this article is on the last ten years, in which the political interpretations and actions surrounding the commemoration of the 70th in 2013 and 75th in 2018 and the 80th anniversary in 2023 of the events surrounding the so-called rescue of Bulgarian Jews are particularly interesting. It is during these last years that populism has become the norm for the political scene in Bulgaria. Populism is not the obvious entrance to the topic, but it is the political framework within which the politicization of the topic of the rescue is developing, and a possible theoretical entrance. Populism became a persistent part of Bulgarian political life more than a decade after the beginning of the democratic changes of 1989. There are several key factors involved in this process-exhaustion of the cleavages of the transition period, but especially the transformation of party politics into symbolic ones (Otova, Ildiko, and Evelina Staykova. 2022. Migration and Populism in Bulgaria. London: Routledge). Symbolic politics deal more with emotions and less with ratio and facts; they build narratives that are often nationally affirming. The article does not claim to be exhaustive, especially in its presentation of historical facts. The limits of this rather political science approach are many. On the other hand, however, it adds to the research effort with a missing glimpse into the interpretations of the no/rescue theme and could open the field for further in-depth research.

PROBLEMATIKA HAK UNTUK DILUPAKAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK (PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN TRANSPARANSI PUBLIK)

The rapid use of the internet in Indonesia as part of the world community has created dynamics and problems, in the field of information law and electronic transactions as well as human rights, and also related to one's privacy. The government holds the power to regulate the new world, namely cyberspace for internet users in Indonesia. The right to be forgotten is a person's right that must be protected by the state. In this case, through Law No. 19 of 2019 concerning Electronic Transactions and Information. The right to be forgotten in relation to those who are reported on or whose data is stored in public institutions in relation to perpetrators of criminal acts, victims of criminal acts, or related to news of criminal acts can be both positive and negative if it is misused. Someone who is published in the public space that he was once a victim or perpetrator of a crime certainly has the right to be forgotten so that he can improve himself without the shadow of a dark past. On the other hand, public transparency still requires information to be accessed for certain news. For example, criminal acts of corruption. Bearing in mind human rights and public transparency regarding the classification of who is allowed and who is not allowed to use this right, it must be strictly regulated, for example, criminal acts of corruption.

War crimes and spirituality: to prosecute or to forgive and reconcile

Conducting investigations on war crimes has a clear goal of establishing facts on crimes, perpetrators, and victims. On the other hand, the question of forgiveness and reconciliation, as essential conditions for re-establishing the coexistence of former parties at war which continue to live together, in the same community, country, and society (or next to each other), is something completely different. Investigating crimes, establishing facts, and finding and prosecuting individuals for committing those crimes, is an exact, measurable category. Forgiveness and reconciliation are not. By questioning the real effects of war crimes trials in post-conflict societies, this article argues that, for a peaceful and lasting foundation for the future life in post-conflict societies, a legal approach to the atrocities committed is not sufficient. In addition, there is a need to find a way to forgiveness and reconciliation, without which societies can always return to the “dark past”. The New Testament says that only the truth will set us free, but is that immanent to the human being? Can a human being truly forgive, or is mercy only reserved for divine beings? Can and should the victims forgive their torturers, the ones who burned down their homes, killed their beloved ones, destroyed their lives and burdened them with memories that do not fade away? In countries where past conflict resulted in mass atrocities and where, following some peace agreement, the former parties at war did not go separate ways but continued to live in the same country, this inevitable reality is a burden, if not even a risk to the existence and rebuilding of the post-conflict society. To a great extent, the situation is the same for neighboring societies (countries). But no matter what, the question is whether war crimes trials and punishments for war criminals will eliminate the consequences of those crimes, allow the victims to free themselves from that victimhood, and societies at war to find peace and rebuild.

Learning Injustice: Historical Memory of the Indonesian 1965 Genocide and Education to Young People

Abstract: When a state refuses to confront and resolve its burned history of past abuses by eliminating its unjust narratives and official history, how will the younger generation learn about its nation's dark past? This article attempts to answer this question by looking at several teaching initiatives that emphasize historical memory in Indonesia. The genocide against leftist groups that began in October 1965 is still being denied by the state, even though some elements of civil society, including victims' groups, have tried various efforts to ensure that the state can carry out the transitional justice agenda. By conducting interviews and direct observations, this paper finds some historical justice education initiatives carried out against young people by elements of civil society. This form of education is quite effective in critically building young people's historical understanding and their agency in the community.

Identity Fractures and Recoveries in the Novel “Woldemar” by Oleg Serebrian

This article analyzes the itinerary of the recognition of personal identity in the context of an existential, ontological collapse of the protagonist Woldemar. His memories and grandmother Martaʹs letters, placed face to face like mirrors, narrate and constellate the events of his life, elucidating the cause of the crisis and identity uncertainty of the adult Woldemar. By discerning the guiding depths of consciousness, several doors of the dark past and several layers of trauma are opened: of parents, grandparents and the entire Bucovina annexed to the USSR. In this way, the hermeneutic investigation captures the cause of the identity fractures of the protagonist, the artistic ways of recovering the values and human essence, the contradictions between the maternal imagos and the figure of the father (grandfather), the ideological conjuncture of blurring the personality, the condition of the individual in a totalitarian society. At the same time, is investigated the importance of saying memories and recollections through writing, as a way of resisting the individual to the totalitarian system. Through logos takes place the ontological refoundation of the protagonist, the recovery of self-awareness, his individuality and his being value.

ANALISIS NILAI ETIKA TOKOH-TOKOH DALAM NOVEL PHOSPHORUS, LELAKI YANG MENCARI TEMPAT TERINDAH KARYA RETNO MAWARNI

The fact that in a literary work, including novels contains a lot of values, especially ethical values which are reflected through the attitudes, behavior, and actions of these characters, it is this that attracts the writer's interest in conducting an analysis of literary works in the form of novels, namely the novel Phosphorus, The Man Who Finding the Most Beautiful Place by Retno Mawarni. The problem of this research is how are the ethical values of the characters in the novel Phosphorus, The Man Who Sees the Most Beautiful Place by Retno Mawarni. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the analysis of the ethical values of the characters in the novel Phosphorus, Men Who Seek the Most Beautiful Places by Retno Mawarni. The benefits of research are for teaching Indonesian language and literature, readers of literary works, and other researchers.The research method uses a descriptive method. The data source used is the novel Phosphorus, The Man Who Finds the Most Beautiful Place by Retno Mawarni, which totals 370 pages, published by Sabil, Yogyakarta in July 2012. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques. The approach uses a moral approach, while data analysis techniques use content analysis techniques.Based on the results of the research and discussion, it is known that the novel Phosphorus, The Man Who Finds the Most Beautiful Place by Retno Mawarni is a novel that tells about a young man's efforts to forget his dark past and the efforts he makes to find his identity. As for Faya Nevu or Nevu as the main character, she has good ethical values, namely being liked (al-aliefah), good-natured (anie satun), kindness (al-khairu), and diligent (al-khusyu') as well as bad ethics , namely egoistic and liar nature. Meanwhile, supporting characters, namely Abah Syarif, have good ethics, namely the nature of being liked (al-aliefah) and the nature of kindness (al-khairu). Nitya has good ethics, namely the nature of kindness or al-khairu. Iqbal has good ethics, namely liking (al-aliefah), sweetness (anie satun), and kindness (al-khairu). Gareng has good ethics, namely the nature of being liked or al-aliefah and bad or reprehensible ethics, namely the nature of persecution and the nature of arrogance or arrogance. Doctors Akmal, Bagas, Rieya, and Anton Perdana both have good ethical values, namely being liked or al-aliefah. Rusdi Iskandar has good ethics, namely the nature of goodness (al-khairu). Finally, Satria as a supporting character has good ethical values, namely being liked (al-aliefah). The suggestions that the author can put forward are: (1) for readers and connoisseurs of literature, (2) for teaching Indonesian Language and Literature, and (3) for other researchers.

Citizenship in Islam: View of Imam Al-Ghazali

As the role and function of the nation-state continue to expand, citizenship in the contemporary context has also developed. Islamic thoughts about being part of the political community, territory, and government system are all included in the data sources of the Al Quran and hadith. This study aims to discuss citizenship in Islam: the views of Imam Al-Ghazali. In this paper, researchers used the literature study method. In collecting data, the researcher uses literary research methods. This research was conducted by browsing and viewing literature and research related to library materials. These study results are related to the concept of citizenship in the analysis of Al-Ghazali's study, which is immovable in politics and law. A country must have a forward orientation and not continue with its dark past. A country and a government must organize themselves both from good citizens and a just government to achieve goals that are shared.

“Echoes of a dark past” is a history of maternal childhood maltreatment a perinatal risk factor for pregnancy and postpartum trauma experiences? A longitudinal study

BackgroundAlthough associations between maternal exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and perinatal anxiety and depression are established, there is a paucity of information about the associations between ACEs and perinatal trauma and perinatal post-traumatic stress outcomes. For the purposes of this article, perinatal trauma is defined as a very frightening or distressing event that may result in psychological harm. The event must have been related to conception, pregnancy, birth, and up to 12 months postpartum.MethodsWomen recruited at an antenatal appointment (n = 262) were invited to complete online surveys at two-time points; mid-pregnancy and eight weeks after the estimated date of delivery. The ACE Q 10-item self-reporting tool and a perinatal trauma screen related to the current and/or a previous perinatal period were completed. If the perinatal trauma screen was positive at either time point in the study, women were invited to complete a questionnaire examining symptoms of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder and, if consenting, a clinical interview where the Post-traumatic Symptoms Scale was administered.ResultsSixty women (22.9%) reported four or more ACEs. These women were almost four times more likely to endorse perinatal trauma, when compared with those who either did not report ACEs (OR = 3.6, CI 95% 1.74 – 7.36, p < 0.001) or had less than four ACEs (OR = 3.9, CI 95% 2.037.55, p < 0.001). A 6–sevenfold increase in perinatal trauma was seen amongst women who reported having at least one ACE related to abuse (OR = 6.23, CI 95% 3.32–11.63, p < 0.001) or neglect (OR = 6.94, CI 95% 2.95–16.33, p < 0.001). The severity of perinatal-PTSD symptoms for those with perinatal trauma in pregnancy was significantly higher in those women exposed to at least one ACE related to abuse.ConclusionsAwareness of maternal exposure to childhood adversity/maltreatment is critical to providing trauma-informed approaches in the perinatal setting. Our study suggests that routine screening for ACEs in pregnancy adds clinical value. This adds to previous research confirming the relationship between ACEs and mental health complexities and suggests that ACEs influence perinatal mental health outcomes.

Potential Energy of Pretext: Structural and Compositional Features of “Isaac and Abraham” by Joseph Brodsky

An interpretation of the well-known, but rarely used for a holistic analysis of the work of I. Brodsky “Isaac and Abraham” is proposed in the article. If Brodsky’s text is traditionally viewed as a poetic retelling of the Old Testament history in a modern way, then the authors propose a different perspective of textual perception - free reflections of a lyrical subject, a modern hero, over an ancient sacred text. As a result, the claims of critics regarding the “chaotic” and “congested” Brodsky’s text are removed, in contrast, the harmony and depth of reflection of the lyrical subject, the modern heropoet, are demonstrated. In the course of the analysis, the genre qualification of “Isaac and Abraham” was clarified - not as a poem (the traditional point of view), but as a “great poem” (I. Brodsky’s autopresentation). Deciphering of the “difficult” places of the poem - images of a bush, a board, a train, etc., as it seemed to critics, was artificially introduced by Brodsky into the text and violated the integrity of the work. It is argued that the poem “Isaac and Abraham” was not a transcription of the Bible, but an attempt by the maturing Brodsky from today to comprehend the sacred text and on its basis comprehend himself, penetrate into the dark past in order to see the present more clearly.

Jeju Island, Shedding its Dark Past and Becoming a Space of Peace

This paper sheds new light on Jeju Island as a unique touristic site where the painful history of exploitation during the Japanese colonial era and the beautiful landscape co-exist. “Dark tourism” refers to visiting a place where a historical tragedy occurred to remember and memorialize past events. Most recently, Jeju Island was announced as an ‘Island of World Peace’ whence a message of peace is to be conveyed to its visitors through tourism. Focusing on Jeju Island offers an opportunity to re-interpret dark tourism. Central to this study have been the questions of reinterpretation of Jeju Island as a ‘space’ reflecting its own characteristics of place. In this article, we aim to explore the possibility of transitioning from a tragic historical place to one emblematic of peace through the retooled message conveyed to visitors, as well as through historical education tourism. We visited the military facilities, GamaOreum, Cave Fort, and the Jeju Peace Museum, as well as Altteureu Airfield, which was built during Japanese occupation, through seven separate field studies from April 2018 to July 2022. Remnants of the Japanese colonial era remain throughout the islands and the history is still relevant to local residents. This study highlights the importance of considering the local community and their residential area in developing a tourist destination. This study presents a new angle of promising applications for future tourism resources in Jeju Island.

Extramarital Daughter's Abuse to Biological Father During Ijab-Qabul In Order to Cover Up Family Disgrace

This study examines the problem of sexually abstaining girls born out of wedlock to their biological fathers in the ijab-qabul contract in order to protect family disgrace. Clerics agree that a daughter born out of wedlock, then she is given to her mother, not her father biologically. However, what about in the pronunciation of ijab-qabul? Do girls still have to be given to their mothers? Then, if that happens wouldn't it be a container for dismantling family disgrace? So, this journal was written to find a definitive answer to the unrest experienced by children who were "victims" of their parents' dark past. This research is a library research study with a quantitative method approach. From the aforesaid description it can be concluded that the daughter is not to her biological mother has a very large mashlahah here. The syar'i proposition that forbids to speak to other than his father is a general prohibition under absolute conditions

Extramarital Daughter's Abuse to Biological Father During Ijab-Qabul In Order to Cover Up Family Disgrace

This study examines the problem of sexually abstaining girls born out of wedlock to their biological fathers in the ijab-qabul contract in order to protect family disgrace. Clerics agree that a daughter born out of wedlock, then she is given to her mother, not her father biologically. However, what about in the pronunciation of ijab-qabul? Do girls still have to be given to their mothers? Then, if that happens wouldn't it be a container for dismantling family disgrace? So, this journal was written to find a definitive answer to the unrest experienced by children who were "victims" of their parents' dark past. This research is a library research study with a quantitative method approach. From the aforesaid description it can be concluded that the daughter is not to her biological mother has a very large mashlahah here. The syar'i proposition that forbids to speak to other than his father is a general prohibition under absolute conditions

Cryptic Echoes and Eternal Shadows: Unveiling Profound Themes in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables

Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The House of the Seven Gables is a masterpiece that looks into a myriad of enduring themes, offering to the readers a lush tapestry of human encounters and social commentary. By means of the Pyncheon family's dark past and the curse that haunts them, Hawthorne examines how the depravities of the past can engender an extensive shadow on future generations, causing moral deterioration and spiritual conflict. The paper attempts to dissect and analyze the themes that pervade the narrative, revealing some significant perceptions and social critiques rooted within the story. It also examines the gender and social expectations delicately woven into the structure of the narrative affording timeless insights into the human predicament and societal dynamics.

Trauma, pamięć, afekt: echa terroru w powieści graficznej Сурвило Olgi Ławrientiewej

The article analyzes Olga Lavrenteva’s graphic novel Survilo, which echoes the terror, especially the Stalinist repression and the blockade of Leningrad. Lavrenteva is a graphic artist, author of comic books, representative of the third generation, who presents the story of her grandmother, Valentina Survilo, and her relatives in an unconventional form. Translated into the language of comic books, this family story focuses on the fate of many inhabitants of the Soviet Union. At the same time, as if on the sidelines, Lavrenteva raises an important issue – the coexistence of memory and affect, which is the result of long-term silence. Survilo is not only a record of the past but also of the emotional states of her grandmother, the paralyzing fear that accompanied her, i.e. the physical and psychological costs that the survivors had to bear. Lavrenteva’s graphic novel successfully fits into the new practices of commemoration and witnessing, which are still a novelty in Russia, carrying a great potential for critical revision of the dark past, and – above all – for building a community of memory based on the foundations of intergenerational dialogue.