Effects Of Dark Energy Research Articles

Exploring the Dark Sector: Advances in Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy

The universe is a mysterious and vast space, hiding many mysteries that we have not yet fully understood. Two enigmatic yet significant cosmic phenomena are dark matter and dark energy. One or more new particles that interact extremely weakly with regular matter and neither produce nor absorb electromagnetic radiation are possible components of dark matter. In the 1990s, cosmologists noticed an increase in the rate of the universe’s expansion through data from distant supernova explosions, which led them to first propose the existence of dark energy. People’s conventional concept of the universe’s development was completely upended by this finding. Although they cannot be directly observed, they influence the evolution of the universe through their gravitational and anti-gravitational effects. As of right now, the dark energy theory is the most commonly accepted explanation for the observed acceleration of cosmic expansion. Understanding the nature of matter and its mysteries is aided by research on dark matter and dark energy, which also throws light on the universe’s beginnings and history. The ideas, characteristics, and effects of dark matter and dark energy on the cosmos will be briefly discussed in this article.

Dark energy effects on realistic neutron stars

Dark energy effects on realistic neutron stars

Dark energy effects on surface gravitational redshift and Keplerian frequency of neutron stars

Research on the properties of neutron stars with dark energy is a particularly interesting yet unresolved problem in astrophysics. We analyze the influence of dark energy on the equation of state, the maximum mass, the surface gravitational redshift and the Keplerian frequency for the traditional neutron star and the hyperon star matter within the relativistic mean field theory, using the GM1 and TM1 parameter sets by considering the two flavor symmetries of SU(6) and SU(3) combined with the observations of PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0348+0432, PSR J0030+0451, RX J0720.4-3125, and 1E 1207.4-5209. It is found that the existence of dark energy leads to the softened equations of the state of the traditional neutron star and the hyperon star. The radius of a fixed-mass traditional neutron star (or hyperon star) with dark energy becomes smaller, which leads to increased compactness. The existence of dark energy can also enhance the surface gravitational redshift and the Keplerian frequency of traditional neutron stars and hyperon stars. The growth of the Keplerian frequency may cause the spin rate to speed up, which may provide a possible way to understand and explain the pulsar glitch phenomenon. Specifically, we infer that the mass and the surface gravitational redshift of PSR J1748-2446ad without dark energy for the GM1 (TM1) parameter set are 1.141 M ⊙ (1.309 M ⊙) and 0.095 (0.105), respectively. The corresponding values for the GM1 (TM1) parameter set are 0.901 M ⊙ (1.072M ⊙) and 0.079 (0.091) if PSR J1748-2446ad contains dark energy with α = 0.05. PSR J1748-2446ad may be a low-mass pulsar with a lower surface gravitational redshift under our selected models.

Gravitational waves driven by holographic dark energy

Gravitational waves driven by holographic dark energy

Effect of dark energy on photon orbits and thermodynamic phase transition for Hayward anti-de Sitter black holes

Effect of dark energy on photon orbits and thermodynamic phase transition for Hayward anti-de Sitter black holes

Hawking–Page transition and the dual relations of anti-de Sitter black holes surrounded by dark energy in general dimensions

Recently, a dual relation T 0(n + 1) = T HP (n) between the minimum temperature (T 0(n + 1)) black hole phase and the Hawking–Page transition (T HP (n)) black hole phase in two successive dimensions was introduced by Wei et al (2020 Phys. Rev. D 102 10411); this was reminiscent of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, as the Hawking–Page transition temperature could be treated as the temperature of the dual physical quantity on the boundary and the latter corresponds to that in the bulk. In this paper, we discuss the Hawking–Page transition and the dual relations in AdS black holes surrounded by dark energy in general dimensions. Our findings reveal the occurrence of the Hawking–Page transition between the thermal AdS radiation and thermodynamically stable large AdS black holes, in both the spacetime surrounded by phantom dark energy and the spacetime surrounded by quintessence dark energy. We discuss the effects of the phantom dark energy and quintessence dark energy on the Hawking–Page transition temperature. For the dual relation in particular, it works well for the case of an AdS black holes surrounded by phantom dark energy. For the case of an AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence dark energy, the dual relation should be modified under an open assumption that the state parameter and the density parameter of the quintessence dark energy depend on the dimensions of the spacetime.

On dark energy effects on the accretion physics around a Kiselev spinning black hole

Kiselev metric in the static and rotating form is widely used to test different aspects of the dark energy (DE) effects. We consider a DE Kiselev spacetime, predicting the reduction to the Kerr black hole (BH) solution under suitable conditions on the DE parameters and in this frame we study the effects of the dark energy on BHs and disks accretion. Elaborating a close comparison with the limiting vacuum Kerr spacetime, we focus on thick accretion disks around the central BH in the Kiselev solution, both co-rotating and counter-rotating with respect the central BH. We examine different aspects of BH accretion energetics by focusing on quantities related to the accretion rates and cusp luminosity, when considered the DE presence, related to the pure Kerr central BH. Our findings show that in these conditions heavy divergences with respect to the vacuum case are expected for the DE metrics. A known effect of the Kiselev metric is to lead to a false estimation the BH spin, we confirm this characteristic from the fluids dynamics analysis. Remarkably our results show that DE is affecting differently the accretion physics, and particularly the accretion rate, according to the fluid rotation orientation with respect to the central spinning attractor, leading in some cases to an under-estimation of the BH spin mass ratio. These contrasting aspects emerging in dependence on the fluids rotational orientation can be a distinguishing general DE feature which could lead to a revised observational paradigm where DE existence is considered.

Bouncing and collapsing universes dual to late-time cosmological models

We use the Jordan frame–Einstein frame correspondence to explore dual universes with contrasting cosmological evolutions. We study the mapping between Einstein and Jordan frames where the Einstein frame universe describes the late-time evolution of the physical universe, which is driven by dark energy and non-relativistic matter. The Brans–Dicke theory of gravity is considered to be the dual scalar–tensor theory in the Jordan frame. We show that an Einstein frame universe, with cosmological evolution of the Λ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Lambda $$\\end{document}CDM model, always corresponds to a bouncing Jordan frame universe governed by a Brans–Dicke theory. On the other hand, quintessence models of dark energy with non-relativistic matter component are shown to be always dual to a Brans–Dicke Jordan frame with a turn-around, i.e., a bounce or a collapse. The evolution of the equation of state of the quintessence field determines whether the turn-around is a bounce or a collapse. The point of the Jordan frame turn-around for all the cases can be tuned anywhere by choosing an appropriate Brans–Dicke parameter. This essentially leads to alternative descriptions of the late-time evolution of the physical universe, in terms of bouncing or collapsing Brans–Dicke universes in the Jordan frame. Therefore, the effect of dark energy can equivalently be seen as collapse of space in a conformally connected universe. We further study the stability of such conformal maps against linear perturbations. The effective bouncing and collapsing descriptions of the current accelerating universe may have interesting implications for the evolutions of perturbations and quantum fluctuations in the cosmological background.

On the Influence of Angular Momentum and Dynamical Friction on Structure Formation: III. The Effect of Dark Energy

On the Influence of Angular Momentum and Dynamical Friction on Structure Formation: III. The Effect of Dark Energy

Thermodynamics of 4D-EGB black holes in the quintessential phase space

Thermodynamics of 4D-EGB black holes in the quintessential phase space

Effect of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of Hayward black holes with spherical accretion

Effect of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of Hayward black holes with spherical accretion

Erratum: Corrigendum to "Effect of dark energy models on the energy content of charged and rotating black holes" [Chinese Phys. C, 46 (2022) 015101]

In Liaqat and Hussain (2022) it was proved that the effect of dark energy with , causes a reduction in the energy content of the quintessential charged-Kerr spacetime. This result needs correction as it is observed that the contribution of dark energy first decreases the total energy of the underlying spacetime for smaller values of radial coordinate r and then increases the energy for comparatively larger values of r.

The discrepancy between the values of the Hubble constant and the effect of dark energy on baryonic matter

The discrepancy between the values of the Hubble constant and the effect of dark energy on baryonic matter

Galaxy Clustering in the Mira-Titan Universe. I. Emulators for the Redshift Space Galaxy Correlation Function and Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing

We construct accurate emulators for the projected and redshift space galaxy correlation functions and excess surface density as measured by galaxy–galaxy lensing, based on halo occupation distribution modeling. Using the complete Mira-Titan suite of 111 N-body simulations, our emulators vary over eight cosmological parameters and include the effects of neutrino mass and dynamical dark energy. We demonstrate that our emulators are sufficiently accurate for the analysis of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR12 CMASS galaxy sample over the range 0.5 ≤ r ≤ 50 h −1 Mpc. Furthermore, we show that our emulators are capable of recovering unbiased cosmological constraints from realistic mock catalogs over the same range. Our mock catalog tests show the efficacy of combining small-scale galaxy–galaxy lensing with redshift space clustering and that we can constrain the growth rate and σ 8 to 7% and 4.5%, respectively, for a CMASS-like sample using only the measurements covered by our emulator. With the inclusion of a cosmic microwave background prior on H 0, this reduces to a 2% measurement of the growth rate.

Calculating All Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects through Dynamic Gravity Theory

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation was augmented by Einstein’s General Relativity to include factors such as time dilation from speed and gravity field strength. But this augmentation has proven to be incomplete as the math fails in almost all settings outside our solar system hence the need for Dark Energy and Dark Matter to resolve the math. Dynamic Gravity has new math that augments GR in much the same way GR augments Newton’s Law, and this math has the potential to completely explain the motions of all celestial bodies throughout the entire universe with zero need to correct the math with Dark Matter or Dark Energy. This paper explores the notion that gravity must obey the law of conservation of energy as all other forces in this universe have been shown to do. Explaining exactly what gravity is and how it manifests itself on a sub-atomic level. And explaining the many different implications that would be created from this theory. And finally using the math of Dynamic Gravity to calculate Dark Energy and Dark Matter effects within the Milky Way, and between the Milky Way and Andromeda to explain observations without the need of exotic measures.

Traversable wormhole models supported by a string cloud in rainbow gravity

The traversable wormholes are fascinating as the shortcuts in space–time. This work discusses the geometry of a traversable wormhole with a string cloud as a source in rainbow gravity. The field equations are developed and solved to obtain the wormhole’s shape function, cloud’s mass density, and string tension. We have calculated the shape function and made it specific to study the dynamics for toy model. Based on the three well-known pairs of rainbow functions (mentioned by Ali and Khalil), the string cloud’s dynamical variables including mass density and string tension are graphically presented. The corresponding energy conditions are also visually depicted. It is found that the source matter (string cloud) of the traversable wormhole must be exotic. However, the positive values of the string tension led to the presence of Casimir and dark energy effects. It is found that the toy model respects the null energy condition for a single pair of rainbow functions, i.e., Rainbow Function Type II. We have concluded that in rainbow gravity theory, the traversable wormhole solutions originating from a string cloud requires the presence of exotic matter to achieve a stable structure.

Tracking the Local Group dynamics by extended gravity

The Local Group (LG) of galaxies, modeled as a two body problem, is sensitive to cosmological contributions like those related to the presence of a cosmological constant Λ into dynamics. Here we study the LG dynamics in the context of Extended Theories of Gravity like f(R) gravity considered as dark energy and dark matter contributions. In the first approach, we perturb the dark energy effect considering a Yukawa-like interaction that naturally emerges from f(R) gravity in the weak field limit. We assume the mass of LG from simulations and, from this, derive constraints on the Yukawa couplings: α<0.581 and mgrav<5.095⋅10−26eV/c2. In the second part, considering a minimal extension of General Relativity, i.e. f(R)∼R1+ϵ, with |ϵ|≪1, we investigate the possibility that it replaces dark matter as a MOND-like theory. We find that there is a value of the parameter β (derived starting from ϵ) which gives a minimal value for the LG mass. Moreover, this particular potential allows to calculate the ratio of dark matter and baryonic matter for the LG to be. We show that this ratio could falsify MOND-like theories.

Series Solution of the Time-Dependent Schrödinger–Newton Equations in the Presence of Dark Energy via the Adomian Decomposition Method

The Schrödinger–Newton model is a nonlinear system obtained by coupling the linear Schrödinger equation of canonical quantum mechanics with the Poisson equation of Newtonian mechanics. In this paper, we investigate the effects of dark energy on the time-dependent Schrödinger–Newton equations by including a new source term with energy density proportional to the cosmological constant Λ, in addition to the particle-mass source term. The resulting Schrödinger–Newton–Λ (S-N-Λ) system cannot be solved exactly, in closed form, and one must resort to either numerical or semianalytical (i.e., series) solution methods. We apply the Adomian Decomposition Method, a very powerful method for solving a large class of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, to obtain accurate series solutions of the S-N-Λ system, for the first time. The dark energy dominated regime is also investigated in detail. We then compare our results to existing numerical solutions and analytical estimates and show that they are consistent with previous findings. Finally, we outline the advantages of using the Adomian Decomposition Method, which allows accurate solutions of the S-N-Λ system to be obtained quickly, even with minimal computational resources. The extensive use of the Adomian Decomposition Method in the field of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory may open new mathematical, and physical, perspectives on obtaining semi-analytical solutions for some complex problems of quantum theory.

Study of the large scale structure through modified gravity theory using statistical mechanics

We discuss the galaxy clustering based on thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in the expanding universe in a modified theory of gravity. The modified general relativity (MGR) is developed using the regular line element field to construct a symmetric tensor that represents the energy momentum of the gravitational field. This in turn provides a modified gravitational potential with terms that represent dark matter and dark energy effects without actually invoking the two. Based on the modified gravitational potential we calculate the distribution function of the galaxies. We also calculate various thermodynamic equations of state. We make a data analysis of the data obtained through the SDSS-III survey and check the feasibility of the theoretical model of probability distribution of galaxies in the universe.

Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects at Neutron Star and Blackhole Densities

Dark Energy and Dark Matter Effects at Neutron Star and Blackhole Densities