Darcy Porous Medium Research Articles

Significance of thermo-diffusion and chemical reaction on MHD Casson fluid flows conveying CNTs over a porous stretching sheet

The current work aims to study the magnetic field on mixed convection heat transfer with Casson fluid flow over a porous medium in the presence of the thermo-diffusion mechanisms with CNTs. CNTs have a wide range of industrial, biomedical, energy production, and space cooling applications because they can improve the thermal properties of the base material. A non-linear governing equation is mapped to a set of ordinary differential equations via a similarity transformation. The highlight of the work is the Casson fluid using CNTs over a Darcy porous media through momentum and temperature profile with the support of an analytical process. The various plots are also used to discuss the effects of physical parameters such as Casson fluid; mass transpiration, Darcy number, and Dufour-Soret number on the profiles, which are depicted through graphical representations. Modulating temperature distribution in different industrial applications, including solar collector design, electronic cooling, building ventilation, etc. The study reveals that the thermal radiation, Casson fluid; mass transpiration, Darcy number, Dufour-Soret number, Lewis number, and Prandtl number increase the values of Richardson number, also buoyancy ratio, magnetic parameter, and volume fraction decrease the values of buoyancy ratio, also controls the transfer of heat. Studies are done on boundary effect studies that have an impact on fluid flow. The behavior of physical factors, such as the Lewis, Prandtl, Dufour, and Soret numbers influencing temperature and concentration field, is determined and presented using graphs. Highlights The analytical method is used to executive equations are converted in the highly non-linear ODEs are obtained from PDEs. The importance of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in modifying MHD, Richardson number, Buoyancy ratio Casson nanofluid parameter and Heat source/sink, carbon nanofluid flow is examined. Stretching/shrinking sheet under the impact of Magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, and mass transpiration non-Newtonian heating is considered. Water is a base fluid mixed with SWCNTs and MWCNTs. The impact of magnetic parameter, Casson fluid, Darcy number, Lewis number, Dufour number, Soret number, mass transpiration, and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter studied.

Chemical reaction and activation energy on heat and mass transfer for convective flow along an inclined surface in Darcy porous medium with Soret and Dufour effects

Abstract This study investigated the heat and mass that are transferred when a fluid undergoes convective flow along an inclined plate through a porous medium and also considered the corresponding chemical reaction and activation energy. The influences of the variable viscosity, mixed convection intensity, inclination angle, thermal radiation, magnetic field, internal heat source, activation energy, chemical reaction and Soret and Dufour effects for fluid flowing through a Darcy porous medium are all discussed. Numerical techniques, namely Runge–Kutta integration and the shooting method, were applied to obtain solutions to similarity-transformed equations governing continuity, momentum, energy and concentration. The study examined the distributions of flow velocity, temperature and concentration under the interactive effects of the fluid. The results revealed that the activation energy of the Arrhenius equation plays an important role in fluid transport mechanisms within a chemically reactive system involving the Soret and Dufour effects for a low-Schmidt-number fluid. When the activation energy parameter E was greater within the range 0 < E < 5, the wall shear stress was stronger, heat transfer rate increased, and mass transfer rate decreased.

Effects of higher order chemical reaction and slip conditions on mixed convection hybrid ferrofluid flow in a Darcy porous medium

Many researchers have been captivated by the ability of hybrid ferrofluid to increase heat and mass transmission, leading them to further examine the working fluid. This study is essential for figuring out how Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/H2O hybrid ferrofluid would behave thermally and massively when physical factors like a greater degree of chemical reaction (n) and slip boundary conditions are present through mixed convection stagnation point flow in Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/H2O hybrid ferrofluid toward a permeable vertical flat plate embedded in Darcy porous medium. The complexity of the partial differential equation for heat, flow, as well as mass transfer is reduce through similarity transformation into a system of ordianry differential equation, before being numerically solved using the built-in solver bvp4c in MATLAB for various values of the governing parameters. Dual solutions (first and second solution) are obtained as result produced in regions of opposing and assisting flow. Hybrid ferrofluids with additional CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have a higher heat transfer rate than ferrofluids and base fluid (water). Furthermore, a different order of chemical reaction greatly influences the mass transfer rate. Note that the presence of thermal and concentration slips reduce the heat transfer and mass transfer rate, accordingly, and delay the boundary layer separation.

On blood-based binary Casson nanofluid convection using viscosity and conductivity variations embedded with Darcy porous medium

On blood-based binary Casson nanofluid convection using viscosity and conductivity variations embedded with Darcy porous medium

Multiple solutions and their stability for a Ti-alloy nanofluid saturated Darcy porous medium: Flow separation and reversal

In this article, the authors provided the stability analysis for Darcy porous medium saturated by a Ti-alloy nanofluid in the presence of tilted magnetic field, Joule heating, heat generation, and velocity slip effects. The Tiwari-Das model is implemented and the relevant similarity transformations are identified for mathematical modeling of the proposed fluid flow problem. The set of resultant ODEs has been solved using the shooting method in conjunction with the RK-4th order scheme. The existence of dual solutions is observed along with their critical values for the present setup at and after the bifurcation point but for a limited range of certain fixed parameters. Through the eigenvalue approach, it is shown that the first solutions are stable, but not the second solutions. The streamlines are depicted to understand the flow patterns in addition to the identification of flow separation point and flow reversal. The important findings are as follows: (a) the delay of boundary layer separation is pointed out with the enhancing values of volume fraction of Ti-alloy nanoparticles and the inclined magnetic parameter in the presence of suction, (b) the Ti-alloy nanofluids velocity rises but the temperature decays with rising values of the Ti-alloy nanoparticle volume fraction, and (c) the value of smallest eigenvalues is growing with the growing values of magnetic parameter. Finally, this type of research may be extremely beneficial in the fields of aerodynamics (i.e. production of engine components, aircraft turbines, and high-performance automatic parts) and medicine.

Hall current effect in bioconvection Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow through a porous medium with Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory

Bioconvection due to microorganisms is important area of research, considerably importance for environment and sustainable fuel cell technologies. Buongiorno nanofluid model for Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux theory taken into account the Oldroyd-B nanofluid and gyrotactic microorganisms in a rotating system with the effects of Hall current, and Darcy porous medium is scrutinized. The constitutive equations of the problem are transformed into nondimensional equations with the help of similarity transformations. Homotopy analysis method is used to obtain the solution. Graphs and table support the comprehesive representation of the achieved results. Radial velocity is reduced with the increasing values of relaxation time, retardation time and magnetic field parameters while heat transfer is augmented with thermal relaxation time parameter. The nanoparticles concentration is reduced with the increasing values of Schmidt number and the gyrotactic microorganisms concentration is enhanced with the increasing values of Peclet number. A nice agreement is obtained while comparing the present results numerically with the published results. The proposed mathematical model is used in biochemical engineering, meteorology, power and transportation production, optoelectronic and sensing microfabrication.

Featuring the Hall effect and variable thermal conductivity on magnetized hybrid nanoliquid flow for three distinct shapes of nanoparticles: A comparative study

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to capture the circumstances of variable thermal conductivity and the Hall effect on the three‐dimensional rotating flow of hybrid nanofluid towards a bidirectional stretching sheet. The hybrid nanofluid is made by suspending nanometer‐sized copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles in the base liquid water (H2O). The sheet is immersed in a Darcy porous medium. The flow is induced by both stretching of the sheet and thermal buoyancy force due to free convection. Further, nonlinear thermal radiation, frictional and Joule heating are prevalent in the temperature field. The surface boundary also imposes two constraints, namely velocity slip and convective heating. Another aspect of this analysis is to examine the impact of different shapes of copper and alumina nanoparticles on temperature distribution. For that, three variants, namely, spherical, blade, and lamina of nanoparticles shape, are considered. The resulting nonlinear differential equations are tackled by using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg and secant methods‐based shooting technique. A detailed discussion on the physical impacts of various relevant parameters over velocity, temperature, local skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number is carried out with the help of graphs. Primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluid are accelerated for growing values of Hall current parameter, whereas the reverse trend is noticed w.r.t. velocity slip and suction parameters. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid temperature profile has a direct relation with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation parameters. This research may have important applications in high‐ and low‐temperature operations, paints, space technologies, medications, cosmetics, conductive coatings, and so forth.

Analysis of Mixed Convection on Two-Phase Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Plate in Brinkman-Extended Darcy Porous Medium with Nield Conditions

The rapid advancement in technology in recent years has shown that nanofluids are very vital to further development in science and technology. Moreover, many industrial specifications cannot be met by allowing natural convection only, hence the need to incorporate forced convection and natural convection into a single flow regime. The research aims to quantify the mixed convective two-phase flow past a vertical permeable surface in a Brinkman-Extended Darcy porous medium (BEDPM) induced by nanofluid, with heat and mass transfer. In addition, the Nield condition is also incorporated. The model of the problem was initially constructed in the vital form of leading governing equations (LGEs). These LGEs are specifically called partial differential equations (PDEs) (because of two or more independent variables) which were later converted into a set of the single independent variable of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by implementing the similarity transformations. The set of single independent ODEs was numerically solved via the boundary value problem of fourth-order (bvp4c) technique. The bvp4c is one of the most frequently recommended built-in MATLAB subroutines based on the three-stage Labatto formula. The impact of several physically embedded influential parameters on the fluid flow, along with mass and thermal properties of the nanofluid in a Brinkman-Extended Darcy porous medium for the cases of buoyancy assisting flow (BAF) and buoyancy opposing flow (BOF), were investigated and argued. The numerical outcomes clarify that the porosity parameter reduces the velocity, whereas the concentration and the temperature enhance in the case of the buoyancy assisting and buoyancy opposing flows. In addition, the wall drag force elevates for the larger value of the dimensionless permeability parameter K1 and the buoyancy ratio parameter N, while it declines for the modified porosity parameter ε1.

Darcy–Forchheimer MHD radiative flow through a porous space incorporating viscous dissipation, heat source, and chemical reaction effect across an exponentially stretched surface

AbstractThe impacts of viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis caused by temperature gradient on the steady two‐dimensional incompressible chemically reactive and radiative flow of traditional fluid through an exponentially stretched sheet embedded in a Darcy porous media are explored by approaching boundary layer analysis. A magnetic field effect is also addressed along the transverse direction of the horizontal stretched sheet. With the implementation of some suitable nondimensional quantities, the regulating nonlinear partial differential equations, which represent the flow geometry, are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. To acquire the numerical findings from this set of equations, a three‐stage Lobatto IIIa, in‐built MATLAB scheme named, Bvp4c is used. The effects of the dimensionless physical factors on the flow, heat, and concentration profile, as well as on the coefficient of drag force and the rate of thermal and mass transit at the surface, are graphically and numerically depicted. The thermal profile, as well as the magnitude of the coefficient of the drag force and the Sherwood number, is found to be escalated with the Darcy–Forchheimer factor, but the depreciation in the value of temperature gradient at the wall is noticed for the same.

Effect of Cattaneo-Christov approximation for viscoelastic fluid with carbon nanotubes on flow and heat transfer.

The current work studies the motion of viscoelastic liquid saturated with carbon nanotubes over a stretching surface in a Darcy porous medium analytically below an influence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as nanoparticles which are then appended into the base fluid. Water and kerosene are used as a base fluid with two types of CNTs, namely, Single-wall carbon nanotubes and Multiwall carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes possess a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications including energy production, nuclear reactor cooling, and galaxy cooling applications because they can expand the thermal and mechanical properties of base things. As a result, the carbon nanotubes used in the mentioned fields are being investigated for their potential in heat transfer applications. Governing equations formulated using the Partial differential equations have converted to Ordinary differential equations exhausting the appropriate comparison transformation process. An influence of some relevant constraints on velocity and temperature is evaluated in details. The Cattaneo-Christov heat transfer model is utilized to investigate the heat transfer individualities with varying thermal conductivity consuming the attributes of the Appell hypergeometric function. The impacts of the emerging parameters on the profiles are depicted through graphical representations and analytically constructed tables. Considering its usefulness in modulating temperature distribution in different industrial application, including solar collector design, electronic cooling, building ventilation, etc. According to our findings, the temperature profile exhibits an enhancement with the thermal radiation parameter and the viscous-elastic fluids. In addition, when compared to the classical Fourier's law of heat conduction, the temperature profile and thermal boundary layer thickness for the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model are lower.

Natural Bioconvective Flow Through a Vertical Cylinder in Porous Media Drenched with a Nanofluid

A mathematical model is concerned with the natural bioconvective flow over a radiative vertical cylinder embedded in a Darcy porous medium drenched with a nanofluid containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms. The model utilized for the nanofluid consolidates the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis in the presence of passively controlled boundary conditions and the Rosseland approximation is applied to characterize the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. Appropriate transformations are used to reframe the PDEs of the modeled system into a nonsimilar form. The obtained data are authenticated with an outstanding agreement. In this regard, the engineering quantities of interest are calculated widely with a greater grade of accuracy and therefore abstracted tabularly. To explain the influence of the emerging important flow-field parameters on the curves of velocity, temperature, and microorganisms concentration, as well as the local Nusselt and motile microorganism numbers. Several elucidations are carried out successfully along with detailed illustrations. The presented theoretical investigation has a considerable role in engineering where nanofluids flow is applied to organize a bioconvection process for the development of power generation and mechanical energy. One of the more important features of bioconvection is the aggregation of nanoparticles with motile microorganisms requested to augment the stability, heat and mass transmission.

Computation of bio-nano-convection power law slip flow from a needle with blowing effects in a porous medium

Transport phenomena with fluid flow, heat, mass, nanoparticle species and microorganism transfer external to a needle in a porous medium have many biomedical engineering applications (e.g. hypodermic needles used in hemotology). It is also used to design many biomedical engineering equipment's and coating flows with bio-inspired nanomaterials. Coating flows featuring combinations of nanoparticles and motile micro-organisms also constitute an important application area. A model for convective flow of a power-law nanofluid containing gyrotactic micro-organisms past a needle in a Darcy porous medium is developed. Multiple slips and Stefan blowing effects at the needle boundary are considered. The model features a reduced form of the conservation of equations with appropriate coupled boundary conditions. The governing equations are converted to similarity equations using appropriate invariant transformations. The transformed equations have been solved numerically using the in-built Matlab bvp4c function. The influence of the emerging parameters on the flow characteristics, friction, heat, mass, and micro-organism transfers are discussed in detail. Note that velocity decreases whilst temperature, concentration, and density of motile micro-organism increase with an increase in blowing parameter for shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear thickening fluids. All physical quantities are decreasing with increasing blowing, Darcy, power law and needle size parameters.

Numerical study on non-Fourier heat and mass transfer in partially ionized MHD Williamson hybrid nanofluid

This article aims to analyze the combined effects of Hall and ion slip currents, Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium, and non-uniform magnetic field under the suspension of hybrid nanoparticles. The flow situation is transformed into mathematical problems using conservation laws and correlations among thermophysical properties of base fluid nano and hybrid nanoparticles. These mathematical models are approximated under boundary layer (BL) approximations. The similarity analysis is performed and the finite element method (FEM) is deployed for the simulations and further investigations regarding non-Fourier behavior of heat and mass transfer. The present results have good agreement with the published benchmark which is a special case of present work. The numerical simulations for the motion of fluid particles under the variation of Weissenberg number are observed and it is noticed that fluid motion decelerates for higher values of Weissenberg number. Significant retardation to the motion of the fluid is seen because of an increase in the Darcy porous medium parameter as an increase in it implies a decrease in the permeability of the porous. Thermal relaxation is the property of the fluid due to which it avoids thermal changes to maintain thermal equilibrium. Therefore, a remarkable decrease in the temperature of fluid exhibiting thermal relaxation characteristics is noticed. It is also noted from numerical experiments that Hall and ion slip currents are responsible to slow down the Ohmic dissipation phenomenon. Thus the property of ionized fluid helps in controlling the thickness of thermal BL. Numerical experiments have shown that the solutal relaxation time for hybrid nanofluid is greater than that for mono nanofluid. Mass diffusivity of the fluid with hybrid nanofluid is less than that of mono nanofluid.

A numerical study of heat and mass transfer in a Darcy porous medium saturated with a couple stress fluid under rotational modulation

A theoretical investigation of the influence of time-dependent rotational modulation on the stability, heat, and mass transfer in a Darcy porous medium with a couple stress fluid is presented. A perturbation technique dependent on the infinitesimal amplitude of the disturbance parameter is used to study the consolidated effects of modulating rotation, solute gradient, and permeability on the stability of a porous medium. The Ginzburg Landau equation is obtained and used to quantify heat and mass transport as the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers respectively. The coupled nonlinear Lorenz equations are solved using a newly developed multidomain spectral collocation method. Simulations of the phase plane trajectories are used to represent and analyze limited sets of solutions. We find among other results, that the effect of increasing the modulation amplitude is to accelerate the heat and mass transport. The results from the Ginzburg Landau approach are qualitatively similar to that of the Lorenz approach although the Lorenz approach was more efficient.

Computational simulation of Scott-Blair model to fractional hybrid nanofluid with Darcy medium

The primary and foremost objective of the recent assessment is to offer a comprehensive analysis regarding the heat transfer of fractional unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscoelastic hybrid nanofluids (blend of MWCNTs and SWCNTs) over an inclined surface fixed in a Darcy porous medium where the impact of mixed convection is also taken into account. We have also presented the Scott Blair model and fractional Fourier's law in the constitutive relations. Furthermore, we have employed Caputo fractional derivatives (CFD) (α and β) together with fractional momentum and thermal relaxation times λ1 and λ2 to model the flow problem under consideration to attain flow and heat transfer control. Since the principal FPDEs are nonlinear and hence numerical solved by utilizing FD discretization combined with the L1 method. Simulated outcomes of velocity and temperature are elaborated in both cases, i.e., the single and hybrid nanofluids. The obtained results are of significant value due to FD, CNTs. The same may be utilized to proficiently tackle thermal management challenges like the achievement of temperature control in automobile engines, boilers, grinders, heat exchangers, and refrigerators, etc.

Numerical study of axisymmetric magneto-gyrotactic bioconvection in non-Fourier tangent hyperbolic nano-functional reactive coating flow of a cylindrical body in porous media

Modern functional nanomaterials coating processes feature an increasing range of intelligent properties including rheology, biological (bio-inspired) modifications, elaborate thermophysical behaviour and complex chemical reactions which are needed for the precise synthesis of bespoke designs. Such manufacturing flow processes are extremely complex and involve both heat and multiple mass transfer (species diffusion) phenomena. Intelligent nano-coatings are particularly attractive since they exploit magnetic nanoparticles which can be manipulated by external magnetic fields. Recently, Boeing Aerospace have explored the use of micro-organisms for intelligent aircraft coatings. Mathematical models provide an excellent analysis for elucidating the response characteristics of such coating dynamics processes. With this motivation, the present analysis is indented to develop a new mathematical model to examine the axisymmetric, magnetohydrodynamic, chemically reactive, gyrotactic bioconvection flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a cylinder saturated with Darcy porous medium, as a model of smart-coating enrobing flow. The influence of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux (non-Fourier thermal relaxation parameter), thermophoresis and Brownian motion are taken into consideration. The steady-state, boundary layer, partial differential conservation equations are rendered dimensionless via appropriate transformations, and the subsequent nonlinear, coupled, system of governing equations is numerically solved by employing implicit Keller box method. The impact of various factors such as Hartmann magnetic number, Weissenberg viscoelastic parameter, Prandtl number, non-Fourier thermal relaxation parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, micro-organisms concentration difference variable, chemical reaction, bioconvection Peclet number, Schmidt number and bio-convection Schmidt number on the flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, motile density, local friction factor, local heat transfer rate, local mass transfer rate and local microorganism density number wall gradient is visualized graphically. Validation with earlier studies is included. Further validation with a finite element method (FEM) code (SMART-FEM) is presented. Results reveal that the heat transfer upsurges for amplifying the Weissenberg number and Hartmann magnetic number. Microorganism concentration distribution of the non-Newtonian nanofluid coating diminishes for amplifying the bioconvection Schmidt number and Peclet number. Magnifying the power law index parameter reduces the momentum boundary layer thickness of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid, while there is an acceleration in the fluid flow near the surface of the cylinder. Local Sherwood number rises with higher values of homogenous destructive chemical reaction parameter. The computations provide a solid benchmark for further CFD modelling.

Mechanism of Solute and Thermal Characteristics in a Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Based with Ethylene Glycol Influenced by Soret and Dufour Effects

This article models a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) for the thermal and solute characteristics under gradients (concentration and temperature) in the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson liquid in a Darcy porous medium. The modelled problems are highly non-linear with convective boundary conditions. These problems are solved numerically with a finite element approach under a tolerance of 10−8. A numerical algorithm (finite element approach) is provided and a numerical procedure is discussed. Convergence is also observed via 300 elements. Simulations are run to explore the dynamics of flow and the transport of heat and mass under parametric variation. To examine the impact of a temperature gradient on the transport of mass and the role of a concentration gradient on the transport of heat energy, simulations are recorded. Remarkable changes in temperature and concentration are noted when Dufour and Soret numbers are varied.

Boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a moving flat plate in Darcy porous medium with a parallel free-stream: Multiple solutions and stability analysis

Boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a moving flat plate in Darcy porous medium with a parallel free-stream: Multiple solutions and stability analysis

Dual solution for double-diffusive mixed convection opposing flow through a vertical cylinder saturated in a Darcy porous media containing gyrotactic microorganisms

The steady mixed convection flow towards an isothermal permeable vertical cylinder nested in a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied. The Darcy model is applied to observe bioconvection through porous media. The suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms is considered for various applications in bioconvection. Appropriate similarity variables are opted to attain the dimensionless form of governing equations. The resulting momentum, energy, concentration, and motile microorganism density equations are then solved numerically. The resulting dual solutions are graphically visualized and physically analyzed. The results indicate that depending on the systems' parameters, dual solutions exist in opposing flow beyond a critical point where both solutions are connected. Our results were also compared with existing literature.

Non-Fourier thermal and mass transport in hybridnano-Williamson fluid under chemical reaction in Forchheimer porous medium

Williamson stress-strain correlations are shear rate dependent correlations and describe the rheology of various polymers. In this article, generalized non-Fourier models are utilized here in this investigation to study heat and mass transport in Williamson fluid. The effect of a suspension of nano-sized hybrid particles on the thermal efficiency of the MoS2−SiO2−Williamson fluid is also examined. The Williamson fluid is assumed to exhibit thermal relaxation behavior due to which fluid avoids thermal changes in order to maintain its thermal equilibrium. Due to this characteristics fluid exhibits a decrease in its temperature field when thermal relaxation times of MoS2−SiO2−Williamson fluid and MoS₂-Williamson fluid. Simulations have shown that MoS₂-Williamson fluid has thermal relaxation time greater than the thermal relaxation time of MoS₂-SiO₂-Williamson fluid. Darcy and Forchheimer porous media are responsible for controlling boundary layer region due to the resistive force among the fluid particles and porous medium.Simulations can also be used to compare the resistive force exerted by the Darcy and Forchheimer porous medium. In terms of managing the momentum boundary layer, Forchheimer porous media is determined to be more effective than Darcy porous medium. Shear thinning and shear thickening behavior have significant decreasing and increasing impacts on the motion of fluid particles, respectively. It is also found from numerical simulations that effective thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluid (MoS2−SiO2−Williamson fluid) than that of mono nanofluid (MoS₂-Williamson fluid). As a result, hybrid nanofluid is proposed for enhanced heat energy transmission. It's also discovered that hybrid nanofluid generates less heat than mono nanofluid. Solutal relaxation time (relaxation time associated with solute transport) has shown decreasing impact on concentration field. The solutal relaxation period of a MoS2−SiO2−polymers is longer than that of a MoS₂-polymer, according to numerical experiments. In both MoS₂-polymer and MoS2−SiO2−polymers, the influence of destructive chemical reactions on mass transport is the polar opposite of the impact of generative chemical reactions on mass transport in both types of fluid regimes. The effect of generative chemical reactions on mass mobility is analogous to the effect of heat generation on temperature. In a hybrid nanofluid, heat and mass fluxes are higher than in a mono nanofluid. Thus if hybrid nanofluid rather than mono nanofluid, for cooling systems as heat conducting material (working fluid) then efficiency of cooling system will be much improved.