Rapid Classification of Daphniamagna and Daphnia pulex by Surface-coated Probe Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Lipidomics

Detailed analysis of temperature indicators of Kremenchug reservoir in August showed a tendency to increase the coefficient of their variation (Cv=10.69–13.97%). This indicates the unstability and stress of the temperature conditions of the aquatic environment for living organisms. First of all, it will affect the organisms of near-flood layers of water which are in direct contact with unstable air masses. (Cv=28.45–31.45%). Blue-green algae species which were the most resistant to temperature fluctuations are Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin and Anabaena flos-aquae sp. Their maximum values were recorded in the water area near the village Chervona Sloboda. An impact of a temperature factor and a number of other abiotic factors leads to intensive water «bloom» and subsequent mass extinction of algae Cyanophyta. Hot sunny days with the air temperature up to 18-32°C and water of temperature 21.0–25.8°C are most dangerous. As a result of lethal consequences, significant amounts of the most sensitive species of aquatic living organisms fall out of the ecosystem: Noble ?rayfish (Astacus astacus), Zander (Sander lucioperca). The presented data reflect the process of global warming. Keywords: Temperature; Ecological conditions; Aquatic organisms; Kremenchug Reservoir References Bat-oyun Tserenpurev, Masato, S., Mitsuru, T. (2012). Effects of cloud, atmospheric water vapor, and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland. Journal of Arid Land, 4(4), 349-356. Doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00349. Birungi, Z., Masola, B., Zaranyika, M.F., Naigaga, I. & Marshall, B. (2007). Active biomonitoring of trace heavy metals using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as bioindicator species. The case of Nakivubo wetland along Lake Victoria. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 32(15–18), 1350–1358. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.034 Crayfish and fish die en masse in the Dnieper in Cherkasy region. (2016). TV channel VIKKA-news. News archive. 8 August, 16-46. EU Water Framework Directive (2010). DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Gorbunova, Z.N., Medved', V.A., & Borisova, Ye.V. (2001). Transformation of urea during the growth of some blue-green (Cyanoprocaryota) and green (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales) algae. International Journal on Algae, 3(4). Krishnamurthy, T., Carmichael, W.W. & Sarver, E.W. (1986). Toxic peptides from freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). I. Isolation, purification and characterization of peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos-aquae. Toxicon, 24(9), 865-73. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90087-5. Kruzhilina, S.V. (2010). Perennial dynamics of quantitative development of phytoplankton of Kremenchug reservoir and its structural indicators. Rybogospodarska nauka Ukrainy, 3, 14-19. Likhareva, E.I. (1989). Possibilities of restoring crayfish stocks in water bodies of the Leningrad Region 1. Elements of crayfish biology. Collected papaers of the State Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries, 300, 10. Lopes, I., Baird, D.J., & Ribeiro, R. (2006). Genetic adaptation to metal stress by natural populations of Daphnia longispina. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 63(2), 275–285. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.015 Results of the analysis of water samples of the Kremenchug reservoir in 3rd quarter of 2012. (2012) Cherkasy. Official portal of the city council. October 26. Romanenko, V.D. (2006). Methods of hydroecological research of surface waters. Kyiv: L?g?s. Sirenko, L.A. & Kirpenko, Yu.A., (2000). Biologically Active Metabolites of Blue-Green Algae and Their Role in Epidemiology. Hydrobiological Journal, 36 (5), 14. Doi: 10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i5.110

The present research was outlined to survey the intense and incessant poisonous quality of Cefixime and Cefotaxime antibiotics on Daphnia magna. The toxicity of Cefixime and Cefotaxime antibiotics was evaluated by 48h acute toxicity (US, EPA, 2002) and chronic toxicity (OECD guidelines 211 (OECD, 2012)). The data showed that EC 50 of Cefixime was 78.78 mg/l and for Cefotaxime was 25.82 mg/l. Daphnia magna. showed more sensitivity to Cefotaxime, when compared with Cefixime antibiotic. Chronic toxicity showed that, Cefotaxime cause effects on reproduction but Cefixime had no adverse effect on Daphnia. The mortality rate enhanced and average number of neonates diminished as exposure to Cefotaxime antibiotic was increased. Daphnia. died (50%) at a concentration of 16.2 mg/l of Cefotaxime.

NPLaldata file: life history + hemocyte count data for Daphnia magna individuals, exposed or non-exposed to micro/nanoplastics at 2 temperatures uptake file: florescence values measured by confocal microscopy for Daphnia magna exposed to fluorescent micro/nanoplastics

Acidity Enhances the Ability of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide to Increase Respiration and Lipid Metabolism in Daphnia magna

Molecular biological analysis of Bt-transgenic (Bt-9) rice and its effect on Daphnia magna feeding

Application of Daphnia magna Monitoring System for Real-time Ecotoxicity Assessment

Construction of a biosensor Daphnia magna for the detection of environmental estrogens via integration of the human estrogen receptor α

Comparison of TiO 2 and ZnO catalysts for heterogenous photocatalytic removal of vancomycin B

suspended particles such as algae, bacteria, ciliates, and flagellates as well as detritus and particulate organic matter. 1 However, when Daphnia spp.reared in laboratory, they are generally fed exclusively on microalgae, a single food and carbon source. 2,32][3][4][5] In laboratory experiments is essential to guarantee that Daphnia (standard organism) are in excellent conditions in order to respond only to the stress which are in study.So increase the diversity of food sources and nutritional quality is a concern for researchers to assure that Daphnia are in the greatest food and reproductive conditions life-history.

Understanding how populations adapt to rising temperatures has been a challenge in ecology. Research often evaluates multiple populations to test whether local adaptation to temperature regimes is occurring. Space-for-time substitutions are common, as temporal constraints limit our ability to observe evolutionary responses. We employed a resurrection ecology approach to understand how thermal tolerance has changed in a <i>Daphnia pulicaria</i> population over time. Temperatures experienced by the oldest genotypes were considerably lower than the youngest. We hypothesized clones were adapted to the thermal regimes of their respective time periods. We performed two thermal shock experiments that varied in length of heat exposure. Overall trends revealed that younger genotypes exhibited higher thermal tolerance than older genotypes; heat shock protein (hsp70) expression increased with temperature and varied among genotypes, but not across time periods. Our results indicate temperature may have been a selective factor on this population, although the observed responses may be a function of multi-farious selection. Prior work found striking changes in population genetic structure, and in other traits that were strongly correlated with anthropogenic changes. Resurrection ecology approaches should help our understanding of interactive effects of anthropogenic alterations to temperature and other stressors on the evolutionary fate of natural populations.

The timing of sex in facultatively sexual organisms is critical to fitness, due to the differing demographic consequences of sexual versus asexual reproduction. In addition to the costs of sex itself, an association of sex with the production of dormant life stages also influences the optimal use of sex, especially in environments where resting eggs are essential to survive unfavourable conditions. Here we document population dynamics and the occurrence of sexual reproduction in natural populations of <i>Daphnia magna</i> across their growing season. The frequency of sexually reproducing females and males increased with population density and with decreasing asexual clutch sizes. The frequency of sexually reproducing females additionally increased as population growth rates decreased. Consistent with population dynamic models showing that the opportunity cost of sexual reproduction (foregoing contribution to current population growth) diminishes as populations approach carrying capacity, we found that investment in sexual reproduction was highest when asexual population growth was low or negative. Our results support the idea that the timing of sex is linked with periods when the relative cost of sex is reduced due to low potential asexual growth at high population densities. Thus, a combination of ecological and demographic factors select on the optimal timing of sexual reproduction, allowing <i>D. magna</i> to balance the necessity of sex against its costs.

The framework ecological stoichiometry uses elemental composition of species to make predictions about growth and competitive ability in defined elemental supply conditions. Although intraspecific differences in stoichiometry have been observed, we have yet to understand the mechanisms generating and maintaining such variation. We used variation in phosphorus (P) content within a <i>Daphnia</i> species to test the extent to which %P can explain variation in growth and competition. Further, we measured ³³P kinetics (acquisition, assimilation, incorporation and retention) to understand the extent to which such variables improved predictions. Genotypes showed significant variation in P content, ³³P kinetics and growth rate. P content alone was a poor predictor of growth rate and competitive ability. While most genotypes exhibited the typical growth penalty under P limitation, a few varied little in growth between P diets. These observations indicate that some genotypes can maintain growth under P-limited conditions by altering P-use, suggesting that decomposing P content of an individual into physiological components of P kinetics will improve stoichiometric models. More generally, attention to the interplay between nutrient content and nutrient-use is required to make inferences regarding the success of genotypes in defined conditions of nutrient supply.

Mutation rate in the nuclear genome differs between sexes, with males contributing more mutations than females to their offspring. The male-biased mutation rates in the nuclear genome is most likely driven by a higher number of cell divisions in spermatogenesis than in oogenesis, generating more opportunities for DNA replication errors. However, it remains unknown whether male-biased mutation rates are present in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Although mtDNA is maternally inherited and male mtDNA mutation typically does not contribute to genetic variation in offspring, male mtDNA mutations are critical for male reproductive health. In this study, we measured male mtDNA mutation rate using publicly available whole-genome sequences of single sperm of the freshwater microcrustacean <i>Daphnia pulex</i>. Using a stringent mutation detection pipeline, we found that the male mtDNA mutation rate is 3.32 × 10⁻⁶/site/generation. All the detected mutations are heteroplasmic base substitutions, with 57% of mutations converting G/C to A/T nucleotides. Consistent with the male-biased mutation in the nuclear genome, the male mtDNA mutation rate in <i>D. pulex</i> is approximately 20 times higher than the female rate per generation. We propose that the elevated mutation rate per generation in male mtDNA is consistent with an increased number of cell divisions during male gametogenesis.

Objective To establish a Daphnia model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Methods Daphnia were exposed to three different concentrations of alloxan (3, 5, and 10 mmol/L) for 30 minutes. Blood glucose and survival rate were recorded for 72 hours after alloxan insult. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic inference for glucose transporters (GLUT) were clustered with the maximum-likelihood method. Using reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, we investigated the transcriptional changes of GLUT at 12 hours after alloxan (5 mmol/L) exposure. Results Compared with control, 3 mmol/L, and 5 mmol/L as well as 10 mmol/L alloxan initially induced transient blood glucose decline by 15% for 2 hours and 12 hours respectively. In Daphnia with 5 and 10 mmol/L alloxan, their blood glucose was persistently raised by about 150% since after 24-hour insult. Survival rate of Daphnia exposure to alloxan with concentrations of 3, 5, and 10 mmol/L were 90%, 75%, and 25% respectively. We predicted seven GLUT genes in the Daphnia genome and successfully amplified them using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two of seven GLUT transcripts were down-regulated in Daphnia with 5 mmol/L alloxan-induced diabetes. Conclusion Alloxan-induced diabetes model was successfully established in the Daphnia pulex, suggesting diabetes-relevant experiments can be conducted using Daphnia.

ABSTRACT Snakehead culture still has problem in production stage, especially at larvae phase because of high mortality after yolk sac finish period. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of feeding time different to growth and survival rate of Channa striata post larvae. The research was conduct on June until July 2015 in Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan , Department of Budidaya Perairan , Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The research methods used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications, method of changing the feed includes the naupli Artemia sp., Daphnia sp., and silk worm. The parameters of this research are growth of length, weight, survival rate, and water quality. The result of this research showed that feeding snakehead larvae by nauplii Artemia sp. at larvae age 4 – 13 days, Daphnia sp. at larvae age 16 – 21 days and silk worm at larvae age 24 – 33 days was the best time to result better of Channa stirata spesific growth and survival rate of. Water quality during the research were temperature 26.9 – 28.6 o C, pH 6.3 – 6.8, dissolved oxygen 3.29 – 4.31 mg.L -1 ,and ammonia 0.09 – 0.43 mg.L -1 . Key words : nauplii Artemia sp, Daphnia sp, silk worm, Channa striata

Calcium levels have declined in boreal lakes in North America and Europe due to soil mineral leaching, logging and climate change. Crustacean zooplankton species with high-calcium demand such as Daphnia, are particularly vulnerable to calcium-related stress. In a factorial design, we tested the effects of three calcium concentrations (2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 mg/L Ca) and two food levels (high = 1.67 mg/L C and low = 0.16 mg/L C) on second-generation calcium-stressed Daphnia pulex × pulicaria. Calcium limitation affected reproduction, molting and population growth, but food quantity was also relevant to how Daphnia dealt with the lack of calcium. When adequate levels of calcium were available (2.5 mg/L Ca), population growth was similar at high and low food, however, individual Daphnia produced fewer neonates at low food. Under high food and low calcium, Daphnia’s life-history strategy focused on reproduction, with a negative effect on survivorship due to calcium limitation. Alternatively, under low food and low calcium, their strategy was survival and somatic maintenance, minimizing reproduction. Boreal lakes with modest levels of calcium may support Daphnia populations during periods with sufficient food, but if food quantity or quality is too low to mitigate the effects of calcium limitation, Daphnia populations could disappear due to low reproductive output.

ABSTRACT Fermented cassava peels is one of the potential nutrient for growth of Daphnia sp population. This research aim was to know the influence of fermented cassava peels with yeast as source nutrition food to population growth of Daphnia sp.. This research was conducted in May 2016 Laboratory of Aquaculture, Aquaculture Program Study Sriwijaya University. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications i.e Daphnia sp. fed with fermented cassava peels of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.2 g.mL -1 . The data collected is a test of proximate peels before and after fermented cassava, population densities of Daphnia sp., the growth rate of population Daphnia sp., time achievement of Daphnia sp. population peak and physical chemistry of water. Research results show that fermentation by yeast can improve the nutritional value of cassava peels as a protein in by 0,45 and lower carbohidrate of 6,79, ash content 1,31, 1,04 fat and HCN 3 Provision of fermented cassava peel solution of 0.20 g.mL -1 produces a peak population of 494 ind.L -1 to 7.3 days and the rate of population growth as much as 43.91% .days -1 . Physical chemistry of water during the study are in the optimum range for growth of Daphnia sp. Keywords : Daphnia sp., cassava peels, fermentated, yeast

ABSTRACT Daphnia sp. cultivation needs feed to support it’s growth. Rice bran fermented is a likes of material than can be used is feed for Daphnia sp.. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of different frequency of rice bran to population density and population growth of Daphnia sp.. the feed given must be complicated the need of Daphnia sp. as quantitys, quantitative, and feeding frequency. This research was conducted at Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan , Program Study of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya since October until November 2015. This study used randomized completely design method with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were, A: Feeding Frequency ones per day was (07.00 WIB), B: Feeding Frequency twice per day (07.00, 17.00 WIB), C: Feeding Frequency three times per day (07.00, 12.00, 17.00 WIB), D: Feeding Frequency ones per two days (07.00 WIB), E: Feeding Frequency twice per two days (07.00, 17.00 WIB) and F: Feeding Frequency three times per two days (07.00, 12.00, 17.00 WIB). The result indicated that frequency of rice bran fermented using tape yeast twice per day 5 mL.L -1 in once given everyday (treatments B) has the highest of population density and population growth 1,584.33 Ind.L -1 of result density and 39.72%.day. -1 of population growth. Keywords : Daphnia sp., rice bran, feeding frequency, tape yeast

La Brava is a shallow lake that is different from others of La Pampa, as it is part of the fluvial system of Desaguadero-Atuel-Salado-Chadileuvu-Curaco rivers. However, dams built upstream disrupt runoff, so water only enters when excessive snowfall in the Andes mountains forces the reservoirs to be opened. Once water enters, it is slowly lost through evaporation, which can lead to drying of the lake. As the ecology of La Brava is unknown, the objective of this study was to determine the limnological parameters, density and taxonomic composition of zooplankton during a period that contained water and salinity increased by evaporation. Samples between January 2009 and November 2010 were taken. The maximum depth (2.1 m) was recorded in October 2009 but declined and in November 2010 was 0.66 m. Na+ and Cl- predominated in ionic composition and the salinity rose from 15.83 to 49.89 g.L-1. The mean transparency was 0.65 m (±0.12) and despite the high concentration of nutrients (TP: 6.02 ±2.87; TKN: 11.17 ±5.92 mg.L-1) the phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration was reduced (1.29 ±1.27 mg.m-3). One cladoceran, four copepods and eight rotifers were registered. The greatest diversity was observed during the first month, specially provided by rotifers, when the group reached its greatest density (385.8 ind.L-1), especially given by Brachionus plicatilis Muller, 1786. Increasing salinity affects the diversity, so in June and August 2009 the copepod Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) was recorded, later replaced by the halotolerant Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906. October 2009 was the only occasion when the cladoceran Daphnia menucoensis Paggi, 1996 was registered, in low density (5.7 ind.L-1). Despite their differences with other Pampean environments, in La Brava the typical zooplankton association of the center of the country and northern Patagonia was found, but it differs from another lake of Curaco system where only the halophilic anostracan Artemia persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968 was registered.