Dans La Research Articles

Le Christ selon l’Afrique par Calixthe Beyala

Reviews 187 la matière intéressante et capter l’attention des lecteurs. Mis en confiance, ses interlocuteurs s’ouvrent à elle parce qu’ils sentent qu’elle saura exprimer leurs sentiments et que, somme toute, il reste quelque espoir! University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire Dominique S. Thévenin Beyala, Calixthe. Le Christ selon l’Afrique. Paris: Albin Michel, 2014. ISBN 978-2226 -25601-0. Pp. 265. 19,50 a. Not quite parable or allegory, this colorful story presents Douala, and particularly its slums, through the eyes of Boréale, an intelligent and rebellious young woman who has a secondary education but not the test results required for an office job. Widespread government corruption in Cameroon lets the politicians and functionaries line their pockets and keeps the poor in slums like Kassalafaim, where Boréale lives. How can Africa be saved from impending economic and social disaster? Doctaire,a physician, argues on a street corner for science, but the man Boréale calls Homotype disputes with him, claiming that all knowledge and civilization come from Africa. Homotype was Boréale’s lover until she became disgusted by his promiscuity, but his masculine aura and his soulful singing of popular songs still attract her. Boréale’s mother belongs to the Catholic church, whose most prominent local figure is the “prophète” Paul, many of whose followers are awaiting the end of the world, while he practices rigged faith healing, demands tithing from the faithful as “le prix du salut” (21), and takes sexual advantage of his followers. Given the atmosphere—“l’Afrique cherchait ses origines à travers une spiritualité insolite” (203)—it is no wonder that Boréale is a mass of contradictions. She is wittily skeptical about nearly everything, but she also wants to be rich and to dress stylishly. To do so, she just needs to bear a child on behalf of her mother’s sterile sister Dorota, with the sister’s wealthy husband as its father. Boréale’s impoverished extended family thinks this is a wonderful idea: everyone will be able to feast on the uncle’s bounty. The Christ of the book’s title enters into events not only through the phony prophet, who proclaims “la puissance du Christ!” (197), but by way of a white man who claims his name is “Christian, Christ pour les amis” (141) and, later, through the baby of dubious parentage which Boréale finally produces and whom Dorota names Christ. The book’s characters, all of whom are painted in broad strokes, also include Boréale’s white expatriate employer, two other household employees, a brothel keeper, and the mairesse of the elegant Maképé quarter. Boréale is the only complex figure until, near the end, her mother and Homotype seem to change, though maybe it is Boréale who is finally seeing others in a more nuanced way. Just as Cameroon-born Beyala herself is both a novelist and a political activist, this book is part novel and part political propaganda, its characters and events serving to condemn corruption and inequality in Cameroon and to point to hope for its future. Boréale thinks that her baby may bring about“un monde plus juste”(259)—“Peut-être s’instruirait-il sur le secret des coups d’État réussis et renverserait-il les régimes corrompus” (259–60)—becoming Africa’s longed-for savior. College of San Mateo (CA) Susan Petit Biancarelli, Marc. Orphelins de Dieu. Arles: Actes Sud, 2014. ISBN 978-2-33003593 -8. Pp. 240. 20 a. Vénérande et son frère Petit Charles vivent reclus leur quotidien de damnés depuis que le chemin du jeune homme a croisé celui des trois frères Santa Lucia et de leur acolyte Le Long. Ce jour-là, les quatre pillards, Cavaliers de l’Apocalypse, ne se sont pas contentés de voler quelques brebis à Petit Charles mais l’ont également défiguré après lui avoir coupé la langue. Vénérande s’occupe depuis de son frère, s’abîmant dans la folie qui a déjà emporté Petit Charles tout en s’accrochant au dernier sentiment qui la relie à ce monde de violence...

La mort de Laclos by Didier Laroque

Reviews 259 come. In addition, there are places in her novel far below the reading level of the layman . The author should rewrite and attempt at least two if not three separate works from this one. Alliance Française de Santa Rosa (CA) Davida Brautman Laroque, Didier. La mort de Laclos. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2014. ISBN 978-2-87673931 -4. Pp. 159. 15 a. By the early 1800s the intellectual and often libertine values of the Enlightenment were well on their way to being superseded by Romanticism’s exaltation of emotion, nature, and love. Choderlos de Laclos’s Liaisons dangereuses (1782) somewhat belatedly epitomizes the former, while Rousseau’s Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse (1761), though published earlier, represents the latter and, in fact, was a major factor (along with Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther) in creating the Romantic movement. Laroque’s very late entry into this field alludes to both of these French epistolary novels. Rousseau’s Saint-Preux and his beloved Julie are evoked by the names and feelings of Laroque’s protagonist and narrator, Benjamin Saint Trois de Becq, and the woman he loves, also named Julie; further, both couples’stories echo that of Abélard and Héloïse. Laclos himself represents the Enlightenment, appearing in person at the novel’s conclusion. The narration evokes eighteenth-century fiction, as do the diaries and letters, which flesh out the story; the vocabulary and style downplay exciting events while insisting on the power of love and the joys of the countryside. Saint Trois, a light-cavalry lieutenant, wants to leave the army of Napoleon to pursue a “destin contemplatif”(120), but he must overcome inertia and find enough money to live on. He is the sort of figure Joseph Campbell wrote about in The Hero with a Thousand Faces: his father is unknown, and he is sent on a dangerous journey. Helped by a series of mysterious guides, he undergoes a painful mutilation—though not, fortunately, Abélard’s—and at the end discovers his true self. At the start he gloomily “devine le monde parvenu à sa fin”(23),but at the end,“un souffle impétueux [l]’enthousiasm[e]” (158) as he starts his new life. On the literal level of the plot, while Saint Trois is stationed in Dijon in 1803, he is ordered to deliver a sealed letter to Laclos, who has recycled himself as an artillery general and is stationed near the toe of Italy’s boot, where he may be involved in a conspiracy to restore the power of the Pope over the Catholic church in France. Because the packet might contain the conspirators’ plans, Saint Trois is menaced by the anti-clerical faction, and he is also the victim of Julie’s brother, who resents his sister’s secret marriage to a man of lower birth. No supporter of the papacy and repulsed by libertinage,Saint Trois is exalted by German romanticism. In fact, he has already published a Traité de la grandeur in Berlin which, not coincidentally , has almost the same title as a previous book by his creator, Laroque, an architect by profession. This, Laroque’s first novel, is an ambitious attempt to write history and philosophy in the form of fiction. If it is not entirely successful as a novel, it is provocative and engaging. College of San Mateo (CA) Susan Petit Leclair, Bertrand. Le vertige danois de Paul Gauguin. Arles: Actes Sud, 2014. ISBN 978-2-330-02775-9. Pp. 182. 19 a. En novembre 1885, à l’âge de 36 ans, Gauguin quitte la France pour rejoindre sa femme et ses cinq enfants à Copenhague, où il restera jusqu’en juin 1886. Que s’est-il passé pendant ce court séjour nordique, peu traité par les biographes de l’artiste? C’est ce que Leclair explore dans ce roman tout à la fois biographie, étude psychologique et essai sur l’art. Leclair présente cette époque comme un tournant dans la vie d’un homme tiraillé entre son devoir familial et son désir—voire son besoin—de peindre. Ce n’est que depuis peu que Gauguin a abandonné son travail de courtier en bourse...

Le règne du vivant par Alice Ferney

n’est plus qu’une grande banlieue où on attend le train” (231). While it is tempting to place this novel in the tradition of Breton’s Nadja (1928) that would not do it full justice. If Photos volées has a certain affinity with surrealism, its lingering effect on the reader stems less from its literary heritage than from its portrait of a contemporary consciousness adrift in today’s world with an attitude of low-level,continuous befuddlement concerning the passage of time, the lack of intensity or achievement and the lingering sense that the train one is awaiting will never arrive. Florida State University William Cloonan Ferney, Alice. Le règne du vivant. Arles: Actes Sud, 2014. ISBN 978-2-330-03595-2. Pp. 208. 19 a. This is a compelling story of man’s urgent need to care for our planet Earth and all its living creatures. This novel, which reads like an autobiographical account, is told through the eyes of Gérald Asmussen, a Norwegian journalist who serves as the cameraman aboard the Arrowhead on its seventh Antarctic campaign.With a handful of militants,theArrowhead is under the leadership of MagnusWallace,the incorruptible and indomitable environmental activist, founder of Gaia Association, who sails the seas to board whaling vessels poaching in protected areas. Wallace’s character is a tribute to Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace. From the start of the narrative, Asmussen’s admiration for Wallace is palpable: “Il avait déjà un nom pour beaucoup de gens et, chez ceux qui intriguaient dans la défense de l’environnement—je ne mis pas longtemps à m’en apercevoir—c’était le nom d’un empêcheur de tourner en rond” (15). Readers must take note as Le règne du vivant is not a story of eco-tearful lament but one that depicts the true reality of our oceans, which are becoming the world’s landfills and regrettably can no longer protect its animals.As the narrative progresses, we as readers become so engrossed that it is as if we are with Wallace and Asmussen, chasing the whalers and living the dangerous adventures of those in close pursuit of ruthless poachers, feeling every heartsick pain along the way, such as that of the disturbing scene of a shark’s death: “Le sang tresse des rubans, colore des volutes que la bête traverse au long de sa chute. Puis l’animal estropié, plus vivant que jamais dans sa mort à venir, l’œil ouvert sur la transparence de l’eau et le sable blanc” (83). So vividly accurate is the documentation of harsh events, such as this shark’s death scene or that of whales being dismembered alive on the deck of factory ships, that the danger for readers is that we could easily forget that we are reading a novel.Yet understanding Wallace’s motives of trying to educate the world about the illegal organized plundering of marine wildlife and how these beautiful creatures are dying by the thousands is essential. These poachers are criminals who are not just violating international regulations but are laughing at them.We cannot help but be drawn in by Asmussen’s poignant reflections: “Observer les baleines estompe et adoucit le monde matériel: jamais la 196 FRENCH REVIEW 89.1 Reviews 197 bande de jeunes défenseurs des animaux n’a deviné la violence de ceux à qui elle s’attaquait. [...] un bateau couvert d’impacts de balles, nous le rappelle”(202). Ferney thus succeeds in demonstrating that the absolute greed of some people is mortgaging the future of our planet. Every carefully-chosen word of her elegant and poetic prose touches the reader so deeply that her impassioned plea for the rule of man not to be the end of the reign of life cannot be ignored. Canisius College (NY) Eileen M. Angelini Foenkinos,David.Charlotte.Paris: Gallimard,2014.ISBN 978-2-07-014568-3.Pp.222. 18,50 a. Although subtitled as a novel, the book is a rather well-researched biography of the German-Jewish artist/painter Charlotte Salomon, born in Berlin in 1917 and murdered in Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943. The author follows in chronological order...

Assia Djebar: Patterns of Resistance

Research Article| January 01 2015 Assia Djebar: Patterns of Resistance Madeleine Dobie Madeleine Dobie Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Romanic Review (2015) 106 (1-4): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1215/26885220-106.1-4.1 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Madeleine Dobie; Assia Djebar: Patterns of Resistance. Romanic Review 1 January 2015; 106 (1-4): 1–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/26885220-106.1-4.1 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsRomanic Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2015 The Trustees of Columbia University2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Cross-readings and ecoliteracy in children’s pop-up books

El objetivo de este texto es analizar dos libros pop-up destinados a la infancia, escritos por Anouck Boisrobert y Louis Rigaud, titulados Popville (2009) y Dans la forêt du paresseux [En el bosque del perezoso] publicados por primera vez en 2009 y 2012, con textos de apoyo de la autoría de Joy Sorman y Sophie Strady, respectivamente. Estos libros se publicaron originalmente en Francia, en Hélium Éditions, pero pueden encontrarse ya traducidos en varios países occidentales y en muchos idiomas, incluyendo el catalán, holandés, inglés, francés, alemán, italiano, portugués y castellano. Este artículo analiza el texto verbal de los libros antes citados, así como su elaborado componente visual, construído gracias a una sofisticada ingeniería del papel, con vistas a reflejar la forma en que estas publicaciones alcanzan su objetivo: el desarrollo de la consciencia ecológica de los lectores (Orr, 1992) a través de su implicación en el proceso de la lectura. Esta cuestión parece constituir una de las principales tendencias de la Literatura Infantil en las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas, transcendiendo el papel tradicional y casi omnipresente que la naturaleza desempeña como escenario de narrativas infantiles.

Technology-savvy career counselling.

Career concerns are often mentioned by clients seeking not only career counselling, but also mental health counselling. Typically, these career concerns fall into 2 main categories: career decision making and job-search needs. Technology, in the form of websites, social media, and applications, has expanded the resources available to today';s counsellors. We explored multiple technological tools that might accompany each step of the career decision-making process, organized through the lens of cognitive information processing theory, as well as the job-search process. Regardless of the professional identity or primary focus of counselling services provided by the counsellor, having knowledge of career-counselling websites, tools and strategies such as those presented in this paper will ensure that clients are equipped with the tools necessary to address their career concerns.Keywords: technology, career counselling, social media, apps, telepsychologyResumeLes preoccupations en matiere de carriere sont souvent mentionnees par les clients desirant recourir a des services d'orientation de carriere mais aussi par ceux qui recherchent de l'aide en sante mentale. Generalement, ces preoccupations en matiere de carriere se divisent en deux grandes categories : la prise de decisions relatives a la carriere et les besoins en matiere de recherche d'emploi. La technologie, qu'elle soit sous forme de sites web, de medias sociaux ou d'applications, a considerablement augmente le nombre de ressources a la disposition des conseillers en orientation d'aujourd'hui. Nous avons explore de nombreux outils technologiques susceptibles d'accompagner chacune des etapes du processus de prise de decision, tant dans la perspective du traitement cognitif de l'information que du processus de recherche d'emploi. Peu importe l'identite professionnelle ou le principal objectif des services d'orientation fournis par le conseiller en orientation, le simple fait d'etre au courant des sites web, outils et strategies en matiere d'orientation de carriere abordes dans le present article, permettra d'assurer que les clients soient adequatement outilles pour repondre a leur preoccupations en matiere de carriere.Mots-cles: technologie, orientation de carriere, medias sociaux, applications, telepsychologie.According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013) (http:// www.bls.gov/tus/charts/), Canadians spend an average of 36.6 hours at work each week (see also Employment and Social Development Canada, 2014; http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@eng.jsp?iid = 19). Similarly, Americans spend the majority of an average day (8.8 hours) working (sleeping came in second at 7.7 hours). With the majority of our waking time being spent at work, it is no wonder that career-related issues are often woven into conversations with mental health practitioners, even when the presenting concern is not career-related. Thus, having knowledge and skills to help clients with their career issues is essential.Today';s advances in technology have moved beyond websites to social media (SM) tools such as blogs, applications (apps,) and social networking tools that offer new ways of assessment and providing information. These tools create opportunities for psychologists to enhance service delivery and to connect with clients outside of the traditional office setting. In addition, Gati and Asulin-Peretz (2011) suggested that it is important for career practitioners to increase the use of technology in the careercounselling process. In this manuscript, we aimed to review literature, present technologies relevant to career decision-making and job searching, provide ideas for how technology can be used to enhance and extend the service delivery of psychologists, and identify and address some of the challenges in using technology in counselling. But first, we turn our attention to career issues commonly experienced by clients.Career Issues Commonly Experienced by ClientsThe National Career Development Association (2009b) identifies six key areas that are typically addressed during career counselling: learning about self, obtaining occupational and educational information, enhancing decision-making and career planning, coping with career challenges and transition issues, conducting a job search, and applying for training and further education. …

A review of the risks and benefits associated with mobile phone applications for psychological interventions.

The rapid expansion of mobile phone applications is increasingly relevant to the field of professional psychology. This article highlights the ethical challenges related to the development and integration of mobile phone technologies into clinical practice with clients who suffer from a diagnosable mental illness, with an emphasis on the relevant ethical principles included in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists. The benefits and risks associated with mobile phone application interventions are reviewed, to provide psychologists with the information necessary to guide ethical decision-making. Preliminary guidelines for the ethical practice of mobile technology in psychology are proposed throughout the article (e.g., mobile applications that deliver treatment should be used to support an evidence-based intervention facilitated by a mental health professional), and areas for future research are recommended.Keywords: professional practice, ethics, technology, decision-making, mobile phone applicationsResumeL'expansion rapide des applications de telephonie mobile con- cerne de plus en plus le domaine de la psychologie professionnelle. Cet article met en relief les defis ethiques relies a l'expansion et a l'integration des technologies du telephone cellulaire dans la pra- tique clinique avec des clients presentant des troubles de sante mentale diagnosticables, en particulier les principes de deontologie qui sont inclus dans le Code canadien de deontologie profession- nelle des psychologues. Les avantages et les risques associes aux interventions realisees au moyen d'applications de telephonie mo- bile sont presentes afin de fournir aux psychologues de l'information qui les guidera dans la prise de decisions ethiques. Au fil de l'article sont proposees des lignes directrices prelimi- naires pour l'utilisation ethique de la technologie mobile en psy- chologie, par ex., les applications pour le traitement devraient etre utilisees en appui a une intervention fondee sur des donnees probantes mise en oeuvre par un professionnel de la sante mentale. L'article propose divers domaines pouvant faire l'objet d'etudes futures.Mots-cles : pratique professionnelle, deontologie, technologie, prise de decision, applications pour telephone mobile.There are a myriad of technologies available in the Western world, and their presence is ubiquitous. Technologies like the World Wide Web, smart mobile phones, computers, and smaller personal computing tablets such as the iPad are increasingly pop- ular. The advent of technological advances has revolutionized the ways in which people interact with one another. For example, personal communications can occur through cyberspace, and meet- ings that once required face-to-face contact are increasingly being conducted as virtual meetings, with people connecting through a Web-based platform, but from various physical locations.Advances in technology are progressively more relevant to the clinical practice of psychology and mental health services gener- ally. The rapid advances in technologies have profoundly influ- enced the mediums and methods of the delivery of mental health services. Psychology has incorporated new technologies to meet the demand for effective low-cost alternatives to traditional or face-to-face therapy. From early experience with telephone thera- pies (Mohr et al., 2012), online therapy is now available for individuals to seek treatment for a variety of ailments and disor- ders in the comfort of their homes, albeit these programs are currently limited in Canada (Andersson, Carlbring, Ljotsson, & Hedman, 2013). Recent developments in computer bandwidth, and the widespread availability of such computer applications as Skype, FaceTime and qq, now permit the easy transmission ofbotli voice and live video across space and time zones.In addition to telephone and online therapy, psychologists must now consider the impact of smart mobile phone technology on psychological assessment and intervention. …

Looking at Muslims: the visibility of Islam in contemporary French cinema

ABSTRACTTarr analyses the representation of Islam in five feature films made since 2006 that centre on the changing identities of Muslims in contemporary France. She locates the films within the context of the rise in Islamophobia in France following 9/11 and anxieties about immigration and terrorism, but also in relation to France's troubled postcolonial history and French republican ideology. In particular, the French notion of laïcité (secularism) has given rise to active hostility to any public expression of religious or cultural difference, particularly on the part of Muslims. Cinematic representations of Muslims, and particularly of the children of migrants from the Maghreb, have, therefore, since the mid-1980s, been treated with caution in order not to alienate mainstream Franco-French audiences and to facilitate the second generation's integration into French society. However, the five feature films addressed here—two mainstream popular comedies, Mauvaise foi/Bad Faith (2006) and L'Italien/The Italian (2010), and three independent, low budget, auteur-led, realist films, Dans la vie/Two Ladies (2008), Dernier maquis (2008) and La Désintégration/Disintegration (2012)—offer new narratives that challenge fears of Islam by foregrounding the protagonists' negotiation of their Muslim identities in a French context and, by implication, argue for the integration of Islam as a legitimate referent of French identity. However, their construction of Islam does not extend to positive representations of young veiled women, and they thus still risk confirming the oppressive majority view that certain practices associated with Islam, such as the wearing of the veil, are incompatible with the secularism of the French Republic.

Integration of diagnosis and treatment of sleeping sickness in primary healthcare facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has always been a vertical programme, although attempts at integration in general health services were made in recent years. Now that HAT prevalence is declining, the integration question becomes even more crucial. We studied the level of attainment of integration of HAT case detection and management in primary care centres in two high-prevalence districts in the province of Bandundu, DRC. We visited all 43 first-line health centres of Mushie and Kwamouth districts, conducted structured interviews and inspected facilities using a standardised checklist. We focused on: availability of well trained staff - besides HAT, we also tested for knowledge on tuberculosis; availability of equipment, consumables and supplies; and utilisation of the services. All health centres were operating but most were poorly equipped, and attendance rates were very low. We observed a median of 14 outpatient consultations per facility (IQR 8-21) in the week prior to our visit, that is two patients per day. The staff had good knowledge on presenting symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of both HAT and tuberculosis. Nine centres were accredited by the national programme as HAT diagnosis and treatment centres, but the most sensitive diagnostic confirmation test, the mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique (mAECT), was not present in any. Although all nine were performing the CATT screening test, only two had the required cold chain in working order. In these high-prevalence districts in DRC, staff is well-acquainted with HAT but lack the tools required for an adequate diagnostic procedure. Attendance rates of these primary care centres are extremely low, making timely recognition of a resurgence of HAT unlikely in the current state of affairs.

Spatial Pattern of Cholera Incidence in Ibadan City

The recurrence of the cholera outbreak in Ibadan is alarming and very little has been documented on its spatial pattern. Hence, this study investigated the spatial pattern of cholera in Ibadan using GIS techniques and spatial statistics. Cholera is a disease that has been known to be associated with poor environmental sanitation. However, the impact of other contributory factors is also becoming evident. The study investigated the pattern of cholera incidence within the city for a period of three years. The process of geocoding was used to match addresses of cholera patients to the districts within Ibadan city. Anselin's Local Moran's I was used to assess statistically significant clusters within the city. The results depict clusters of cholera incidences located more within the core areas of the city characterized by high population density and poor sanitation. This study suggests improved environmental sanitation and provision of potable water supply to the core areas of the city.
 
 La recurrence de l'epidemie de cholera a Ibadan est alarmante et tres peu a ete documentee sur sa repartition spatiale. Ainsi, cette etude a porte Sur la repartition spatiale de cholera a Ibadan en utilisant des techniques de SIG et statistiques spatiales. Le cholera est une maladie qui a ete connu pour etre associe a un mauvais assa1mssement de l'envirom1ement. Cependant, !'impact d'autres facteurs contributifs devient aussi evident. L'etude a porte sur le modele de l'incidence du cholera dans la ville pour une periode de trois ans. Le processus de geocodage a

Intellectual Contexts of “the Absolute” in French Musical Aesthetics, ca. 1830–1900

In 1895 the critic Édouard Dujardin reviewed a production of an Offenbach opera in a brief article titled “De la Périchole et de l’Absolu dans la musique.” That Dujardin invoked the term “absolute” in a discussion of a stage work suggests that, for him, “the absolute in music” was defined by something other than the presence or absence of texts. Moreover, that Dujardin uses the phrase “absolute in music” rather than “absolute music” suggests the terrain of the absolute was not exclusively musical. This article reveals that the word “absolute” had a rich and varied history in French intellectual discourse of the nineteenth century. By placing the writings of music critics alongside those of philosophers such as Victor Cousin, Auguste Comte, Hippolyte Taine, and Étienne Vacherot, I show that the word “absolute” evoked decades of ideological tensions—between Catholicism and secularism, between faith and positivism, and between monarchy and constitution—stemming from the culture wars of post-revolutionary France. Dujardin and his colleagues effectively made music criticism another arena where these battles were fought.

Francosphère: L'importance de la France dans la culture stratégique du Canada, by Justin Massie

Justin Massie Francosphere: L'importance de la dans la strategique du Canada Montreal, QC: Presses de l'Universite du Quebec, 2013, 310 pp., $39.00 (paperback) ISBN 978-2-76053605-0As John Kirton has said: For the past century, when Canada has gone to war, it has always done so alongside and for France (3). Has there been a distinct French in contemporary Canadian foreign and security policy? And if so, where does it come from? How has it manifested itself? These are the intriguing questions raised by this book. has indeed been Canada's ally throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, and both countries have made similar political choices on many occasions, either within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or at the United Nations (UN). Building on the metaphor of a triangle comprising Canada, the United States, and Britain, the three pillars of the so-called anglosphere, Justin Massie suggests the existence of a transatlantic quadrilatere, or Francosphere, that includes in the group of Canada's closest allies. The book's thesis is that the renewed importance of in Canada's strategic culture has its source in the transformation of Canada's from a mostly British country into a and transatlantic state during the first part of the 20th century. In the author's words, normative and geostrategic rapprochement between the two countries occurred in the wake of France's defeat at the hands of Germany in June 1940 on the basis of foreign policy principles first enunciated by Wilfrid Laurier in the late 19th century and applied by Mackenzie King in the 1940s (7).More specifically, Massie argues that three conditions had to be met for to become a significant factor in Canadian foreign policy. First, the former dominion had to gain its independence from Britain; second, a form of bicultural identity including the francophone and the anglophone components of Canadian had to emerge; and, third, an ideological rapprochement between Quebec and had to take place (120). This book seeks to demonstrate that these three conditions were met during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath.Needless to say, Francosphere is the work of a political scientist more than that of a historian. It should also be stressed that the theoretical framework Massie favours is constructivism, a world view in which ideas trump structures. In the author's view, Canada's cultural identity, as expressed through its multiple and evolving strategic cultures, explains France's growing role in Ottawa's foreign and security policy. Realism and its avatars are mentioned here mainly for their weaknesses as explanatory tools, and no attempt is made to bridge the gap between two of the great paradigms of international relations theory. This is a legitimate position, but the prospective reader should be warned. This is not a user-friendly book for the uninitiated. If you are not at ease with notions like intersubjectivity, strategic culture, internal and external identities, post- and anti-foundationalism, and if academic jargon makes you cringe, be prepared. The first two chapters introducing the research question and presenting the theoretical framework have to be carefully navigated if one wishes to reach the core of the book without losing the thread of the argument. The poor editorial work does not help in this regard.The empirical demonstration of Massie's thesis is presented in three chapters that examine Franco-Canadian relations from the 18th to the mid-20th century. …

O Édipo Romântico, da literatura ao cinema

No presente artigo, realizamos uma análise comparada entre o romance de Honoré de Balzac, O lírio do vale (1836) e o filme de François Truffaut, Beijos proibidos (1968), tendo como perspectiva os temas desencantamento, nostalgia, romance de aprendizagem, Nouvelle vague e a noção de “Édipo romântico”, elaborada por Pierre Laforgue (2002). Colocamos em destaque o drama de Antoine Doinel, protagonista do filme, que re-apresenta um episódio semelhante ao da trajetória do jovem protagonista Félix de Vandenesse, do romance de Balzac.

Prise en charge intégrée de la santé de la mère et de l’enfant dans la région de Monastir (Tunisie)

The programme of integrated management of child health (IMCI) was established in Tunisia in 2002 in some health districts. This study evaluated the management of children under 5 years of age and their mothers using the IMCI programme in Zeramdine, a town 20 km south-west of Monastir. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 526 medical records of children under 5 years attending the Zeramdine maternal and child health centre. The study evaluated preventive and curative aspects of child health. The mean age was 21.9 (SD 16.7) months. On the curative side, respiratory diseases were the leading reason for consultation (71.2%) followed by diarrhoea (15.4%). For preventive services, physicians systematically checked the child's immunization status and height and weight on the growth charts, and screened for strabismus and anaemia. The contribution to child health of IMCI is undeniable; it allows comprehensive care of the child, develops staff skills, upgrades the health system and improves family and community practices.

Place de la sonde de Foley dans la maturation cervicale à terme

Place de la sonde de Foley dans la maturation cervicale à terme

Signé Pombo de Louise Doutreligne: una transposición dramática francesa de la Autobiografía del General Franco de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán

Signe Pombo , also called Dans la peau de Franco, is a French dramatic creation by Louise Doutreligne which has been “freely inspired,” as it is stated on the edition cover, by Moi, Franco, the title with which the Autobiografia del general Franco by Manuel Vazquez Montalban has been translated into French. This paper studies the creative transformations that Vazquez Montalban’s narration has undergone, primarily attending to the quantitative changes, the rearrangement of the subject and the passage from a narrative polyphony to a scenic one. The study will ultimately examine to what extent the author has proceeded to those changes keeping in mind either a reading or a theatrical French reception.

The practice and clinical implications of tablet splitting in international health

ObjectiveTablet splitting is frequently performed to facilitate correct dosing, but the practice and implications in low-income settings have rarely been discussed.MethodsWe selected eight drugs, with narrow therapeutic indices or critical dosages, frequently divided in the Lao PDR (Laos). These were split, by common techniques used in Laos, by four nurses and four laypersons. The mean percentage deviation from the theoretical expected weight and weight loss of divided tablets/capsules were recorded.ResultsFive of eight study drugs failed, on splitting, to meet European Pharmacopoeia recommendations for tablet weight deviation from the expected weight of tablet/capsule halves with 10% deviating by more than 25%. There was a significant difference in splitting accuracy between nurses and laypersons (P = 0.027). Coated and unscored tablets were less accurately split than uncoated (P = 0.03 and 0.0019 for each half) and scored (0.0001 for both halves) tablets.ConclusionThese findings have potential clinical implications on treatment outcome and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Investment by drug companies in a wider range of dosage units, particularly for narrow therapeutic index and critical dosage medicines, is strongly recommended.

C'est dégueulasse!: Matters of Taste and “La Grande bouffe” (1973)

C'est dégueulasse!: Matters of Taste and “La Grande bouffe” (1973)

Place de la céphalée dans le syndrome post commotionnel

L’objectif est de comprendre les changements au sein des familles durant le confinement motivé par la pandémie de la COVID-19 et explorer le vécu psychoaffectif des enfants et de leurs parents face à cette situation.Il s’agit d’une enquête en ligne anonyme avec méthodologie associant des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives. Les questions ciblaient plusieurs thèmes tels que le contexte de vie, le vécu émotionnel et les répercussions sur les habitudes quotidiennes chez les enfants et adolescents, tels que perçus par les parents.Au total, 439 parents ont répondu au questionnaire. Les familles sont globalement restées dans leur lieu de vie habituel et ont réussi à bien s’adapter. En moyenne, le niveau d’inquiétude des enfants (estimé par les parents) était moins élevé que celui que les parents s’attribuent. L’état psychologique des enfants et adolescents était globalement stable mais pour ceux qui ont vécu davantage d’émotions négatives que d’habitude, il s’agissait d’une augmentation de l’ennui, de l’irritabilité et de la colère. Une baisse de la qualité de sommeil a aussi été constatée par un tiers des répondants. En revanche, une progression de l’autonomie a été soulignée. Les parents ont aussi rapporté une amélioration des relations familiales, mais aux dépens des liens sociaux habituels induisant un sentiment de privation.Malgré des émotions négatives ressenties chez certains enfants, le confinement a permis de développer de nouvelles ressources dans la plupart des familles. Certains facteurs rapportés, tels que le renforcement des liens, pourraient être des facteurs protecteurs et constituent de bonnes pistes dans les interventions à proposer aux enfants et leur famille.The aim of this study is to understand the changes within families during confinement motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the psycho-emotional experiences of children and their parents in this new situation. Confinement necessarily induced significant changes in daily family routines, particularly for work, education, leisure and social activities. In the more vulnerable pediatric population, several authors have warned of the need to consider the impact of lockdown measures during COVID-19 on the psychological impact and well-being.This is an anonymous online survey with methodology combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. The questions targeted several themes such as life context, emotional experience and the impact on daily habits in children and adolescents, as perceived by parents. Participants are adults and parents of at least one child. They were recruited through social media and email.A total of 439 parents responded to the questionnaire. The families generally stayed in their usual place of residence and managed to adapt well. On average, the children's level of worry (as estimated by parents) was lower than the level of worry parents attributed to themselves. For the majority, the parents did not observe any change, the psychological state of the children and adolescents was generally stable, but for those who experienced more negative emotions than usual, it was an increase in boredom, irritability and anger. A decrease in the quality of sleep was also observed by a third of the respondents. On the other hand, an increase in autonomy was noted. Regarding the quality of family cohabitation, an important result showed that confinement had improved family relationships for 41% parents but at the expense of usual social ties inducing a feeling of deprivation. Indeed, the participants evoke a lack of “social link” and “social contact with friends”. Lack became synonymous with absence, a feeling of loneliness and separation.Our results confirm European and international data collected in children in countries where strict lockdown measures have been applied. Despite the negative emotions felt in some children, confinement has helped develop new resources in most families. Families seem to have been successful in maintaining a stable and secure routine which has certainly been a protective factor against anxiety. Some reported factors, such as bonding, could be protective factors and constitute good leads in interventions to be offered to children and their families.

Physiological effect of olfactory stimuli inhalation in humans: an overview

The importance of odorants in human life has long been recognized. Literature contains different approaches of physiological and psychological effects of odorant compounds, fragrances and essential oils. This work discusses odorants inhalation effect, based on an overview of major studies in humans. Beneficial effect of fragrances is mainly related to human behaviour. Studies document odorants influence in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and neurophysiological brain activity. Moreover, odours compounds can act on the neuroendocrine system, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, influencing psychological behaviour as well as body function. Odorant inhalation modulates physiological pathways, and in some cases, results in skin function regulation. The mechanism is incompletely elucidated. These findings suggest that olfactory system plays a role in central nervous system function beyond that of smell. In this overview, it was observed that odour compounds influenced stress biomarkers, dehydroepiandrosterone, oxidative stress, estradiol, dopamine, cutaneous barrier, sebum secretion and cutaneous immune system in humans. Some can be related with skin function. As the skin is associated with an extensive biochemical cascade and has complex mechanisms, studies have far to go, as there are processes not yet investigated related to skin that may be affected through olfaction. Future researches are needed to further understand and describe the mechanisms of action of physiological effects in fragrance compounds.