Royal Danish Research Articles

Scandinavistics by the Prominent Russian Historian Professor Vozgrin

The article describes the life path and analyzes academic achievements of a prominent Russian scholar, historian, member of the Danish Royal Academy of Sciences, professor of the Institute of History of St. Petersburg State University Valery Evgenyevich Vozgrin (1939–2020). The works of V.E.Vozgrin are well known in all Scandinavian countries, Germany, Italy, Spain, Estonia and other countries. The authors of the article highlight three main areas in his study of the history of the Scandinavian countries: first — the history of diplomacy and international relations of the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly, the diplomacy during the Great Northern War; second — the colonial policy of the countries such as Denmark and Sweden, which has never been researched by domestic historians; third — historiographic direction in the study of Scandinavian countries, which has never been developed on such a large scale in Russia before. Moreover, the analysis of a number of large historiographical works of the researcher clearly indicates an original style of the author in considering some little-known and very complex historiographic problems. The article concludes that the research base established by professor Vozgrin for studying the history of the Scandinavian countries has laid a solid foundation for further examination of the history of the Nordic countries as well as for Scandinavistics in St. Petersburg to whose development V.Vozgrin made a considerable contribution.

Hvid[mə] Archive

This essay describes how the artistic research project Hvid[mə] Archive started as a critical comment on the Danish Royal Cast Collection’s exhibition in the colonial West Indian Warehouse at the harbour front in Copenhagen. The essay situates the project as a response to the lack of verbalization about the warehouse’s colonial past, as well as to the lack of a verbalization about the context and history that the plaster cast collection is a product of. Furthermore, the essay clarifies the use and re-conceptualization of the Danish noun hvidme, and how it created an entry point for a contemporary critical whiteness discourse in a specific Danish art context. The essay also describes how the project developed into the artistic research project and collaboration that it is today. A decolonial and intersectional artist collaboration, that seeks to facilitate exhibitions, encourage artistic workshops and networks, host events with visual artists, cultural producers, writers and theorists working within a decolonial and critical frame. The essay showcases some of our defining activities, as well as aspects of our working methods, practices, reflections, doubts and questions for further discussions.

Speaking to Design Students’ Motivation−When Creating Design Thinking Courses Based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

This paper investigates ways to create design thinking courses that speak to design students’ motivation based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG). The question is examined through a case study at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Design (KADK), in which third‐semester students from eight design disciplines engaged in a six‐week project‐based design thinking course with UN City Copenhagen as an external partner. KADK is hard at work to secure faster recruitment because the number of students accepted has been cut due to high unemployment rates among graduates. One strategy is to devote three years to the 17 UN SDGs; another initiative is to educate students to be able to work outside traditional areas of design.Previous experiences and research show that although some design disciplines find cross‐disciplinary design thinking courses to be a natural extension of their practice, others are demotivated, saying they take time away from discipline‐relevant projects and are generally a waste of time. With the intent to heighten students’ motivation to engage in the learning process, the course design integrates motivational factors such as a meaningful topic, working with real‐life challenges, collaborating with a high‐profile external partner, and positioning design thinking as a means to complex problem solving and innovation in public and private sectors.Data consist of qualitative, written student responses, submitted at the outset of the course and then again two weeks into the program, allowing for open reflection about what motivates and demotivates them. Student responses are compared to the applied motivational factors and to theories on motivation and creativity.Contrary to expectations, there is a marked shift—from the initial responses to the replies two weeks later—in the students’ perception: virtually every student is now motivated by learning design methods and collaboration skills. Equally surprising, the topic itself only motivates a small portion of the students. Hence, it is a mistake to believe that the UN SDGs in themselves constitute the engine and drive for student motivation.Based on the findings, the paper offers suggestions for future courses. First, to increase students’ intrinsic motivation, it will be helpful to (1) narrow down the SDGs to less complex subthemes and (2) explicitly address the exploratory nature of the investigation and include theory and supervision of how to handle the vexing emotions when entering complex territory.Second, the general desire to acquire design thinking competencies should be built upon, placing more emphasis on creative thinking skills, individually and in teams.Third, teachers need to be aware of how the pressure to secure recruitment might affect the creative performance of design students. If the push is too great, this extrinsic motivator can jeopardize the students’ ability to get in touch with their intrinsic motivation—the curiosity and passion necessary to come up with creative solutions. It is vital to get the balance right: addressing the professional and societal contexts that we are a part of while paying attention to the inner worlds of the students.

As open as possible and as closed as needed

As open as possible and as closed as needed

Consolidation of research libraries in Denmark

Since 2016 the Danish Ministry of Culture and Danish universities have pursued a policy of consolidation of research libraries. The main tool has been mergers and a significant result is the current Royal Danish Library (RDL). RDL is an institution in the Ministry of Culture with a turnover (2018) of 90m. € and a staff of 850 (650 FTE). Royal Danish Library (RDL) The easiest way to explain what has happened is to list the organisations which are now part of RDL: Royal Library, Copenhagen (nat...

The Geometry of Seduction: Considerations of Beauty from Noun to Verb

AbstractCan the noun ‘beauty’ be repurposed as a verb? Can beauty manifest itself in the act of making architecture to become a ‘doing word’? David A Garcia thinks so. His notion of beauty is illustrated through his recent work as Associate Professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (KADK) and with his practice MAP Architects, which uses art and technology to produce architecture in extreme arctic environments.

Unboxing co-creation with students

Co-creation has received increasing interest as a way of develop products and services in collaboration with customers and clients. Recently, co-creation has been introduced in higher education; however, there is no general agreement about what this entails, and while the concept of co-creation has been used in a number of differing contexts, descriptions tend to focus on potentials only and not the tensions inherent in this kind of collaboration. 
 In this paper we describe a conceptual model for co-creation with students and explore the potentials as well as the tensions inherent in co-creation with students at academic libraries. Through a case study at The Royal Danish Library, Aarhus University Library we develop a conceptual model for co-creation with students that identifies the key aspects of co-creation with students and indicates its key potentials and tensions.

Else Marie Bukdahl, The Recurrent Actuality of the Baroque

In chapter I of her book, Else Marie Bukdahl, who’s the former rector of The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, presents selected literature on the concept of the baroque and its echoes in our time. The French word baroque derives from the Portuguese noun “barroco” alternatively from the Spanish “barrueco”. Both refer to pearl of irregular shape. Until today, the baroque has remained an irregular pearl, which can never be interpreted as a whole. In chapter II Else Marie Bukdahl analyses the d...

Through the Fabric of My Own: Louise Alenius and Embodied Interrelationality

Since 2014, Danish composer Louise Alenius has engaged in a series of performances characterized by extraordinary circumstances entitled Poroset. Eminently site-specific, Poroset has been mounted within the disheveled attic spaces and compact dressing rooms of the Royal Danish Theater in Copenhagen. Alenius, the sole recurring participant in each performance, meticulously structures these performances utilizing three striking parameters. Each performance (exhibiting different combinations of singing, dancing, acting, and speaking) lasts just fifteen minutes, and is staged within a location of the Royal Danish Theater disclosed to the audience member only just prior to the performance’s commencement. Most crucially, each performance is presented for a single audience member at a time, a setting provoking intense intimacy and vulnerability between its audience member and performers. With information obtained through interviews with Alenius herself, I engage Poroset with phenomenological models formulated by Emmanuel Levinas and Maurice Merleau-Ponty to assess and illuminate the intersubjectivity that emerges between the performers and audience member within these esoteric encounters. By conducting such an investigation, I strive to accentuate the experiential significance of this contemporary composer’s oeuvre, one boldly traversing the boundaries between music, theater, and performance art to achieve a timely holistic aspiration: the delicate formation of trust between strangers.

Reconstructing historical rural addresses with VGI and digitized aerial photography

This paper describes an attempt to develop a historical GIS of farms with metadata from digitized aerial photography. With the current effort of mass digitization, wide ranges of new data sources are becoming available to historical scholars. However, for these digital sources to be included in new scholarship, a prerequisite is the research infrastructure necessary to process them. Our project has examined how metadata on digitized aerial photography, generated by volunteers in the Royal Danish Library’s crowdsourcing effort, might provide a short cut to historical GIS infrastructure, which would otherwise require significant resources to build. As part of the digitization of thousands of aerial photographs of rural properties, the library had the help of volunteers to geolocate each photograph. As each photograph often represented a single property, the data points and their metadata are representative of a certain address. This paper outlines the steps we took to develop the raw material into a dataset containing locations of historical rural addresses. Based on a pilot study of a limited area, we discuss the quality and accuracy of the data resulting from our approach. We found that the overall quality of data extracted is acceptable compared with the traditional approach of manually plotting in farm-localities by hand.

Veje til viden om børns bøger og læsning 1750-1850 via Det Kgl. Bibliotek

Charlott e Appel og Nina Christensen: Avenues to Knowledge about Children’s Books and Reading 1750-1850 via The Royal Library
 Based on the Royal Danish Library’s collections, the article identifies paths to reading material published for children in Denmark c. 1750-1850, as well as to children’s experiences with books and the world of books in homes, schools and on the book market. This was a period of major changes with regard to the number of publications for children, to subject choices and equipment, and to the reading cultures, in which children took part. By focusing on the use of books in practice, including translated literature, books in foreign languages, as well as reading material other than books, this article presents an alternative to previous research, which prioritised specific media and genres, especially fiction and first editions of books by Danish authors. The article begins with a brief introduction to the phenomenon of doing archival research, and Maria Tamboukou’s concept of ‘researcher’s cut’ is introduced in dialogue with the term ‘research narratives’. These concepts can form the basis for reflections on how new narratives as well as new archives are created by researchers when interacting with space and matter in the archive. The first main section deals with books for children from c. 1750 to 1850 in the Royal Danish Library. ‘Childrens books’ did not exist as a separate category at the time when the systematic catalogues of the library were created, but the researchers’ establishment of a new database has made it possible to identify and present a much larger corpus of books for children than previously known. The second main section shows how it is possible to gather information about printed matter not held by the Royal Danish Library. In the third main section, it is demonstrated how a wish to identify sources to book usage in practice has led to some of the library’s special collections, including the Manuscript Collection and the Collection of Map, Pictures and Photographs, as well as to collections only recently merged with the Royal Danish Library. Autobiographies are also presented as an important source, not least when it comes to understanding the use of books by children with different social backgrounds. Finally, it is pointed out that since books for children should be perceived and studied as a transnational phenomenon, the systematic digitalisation of the publications will be of crucial importance to future Danish and international research, as well as to teaching and dissemination on the basis of this previously underexposed part of the Royal Danish Library.

Landkort over en samling. Hvad katalogposterne kan fortælle om Otto Thotts håndskriftsamling – og om katalogisering

Anders Toftgaard: Mapping a collection. What the catalogue records can tell us about Otto Thott’s manuscript collection and about manuscript cataloguing.
 This article deals with the manuscript collection of Count Otto Thott (1703-1785) and with manuscript cataloguing. Otto Thott was the single greatest private book collector in the history of Denmark and of inestimable importance for the Royal Danish Library, since he bequeathed his collection of manuscripts (4154 catalogue numbers) and books printed before 1531 (6059 catalogue numbers) to the Royal Library. In the manuscript collection, the inclusion of his collection marks the division between the Old Royal Collection (GKS) and the New Royal Collection (NKS). Many of the treasures in the rare books collection come from his library, and his definition of paleotypes (books printed before 1531) has (in the 20th c.) determined the definition of the collection of post-incunabula. Otto Thott did not write owners’ marks or notes in his books and he left very little archival material concerning the ways in which he created his library. Regrettably, the literary correspondence mentioned in his will has not survived. The article analyses a data set consisting of all catalogue records (in MARC format) concerning manuscripts from Otto Thott’s manuscript collection. These catalogue records in the library system derive from the catalogue made by Rasmus Nyerup (excluding oriental manuscripts) and published in 1795. When, towards the end of the 19th centrury, the alphabetical and the systematical catalogues of the collection of western manuscripts were produced, the entries in Nyerup’s catalogue were copied by hand without being revised. After the IT revolution, when the catalogue records of the systematical catalogue were transferred to a digital database of records, these records were copied once again without revision. It is shown what kind of errors from the catalogue of 1795 were still present in the on line catalogue in 2019. The quantitative analysis shows that the bulk of the manuscripts in Thott’s manuscript collection are manuscripts in Danish and German from Thott’s own century. The subject headings with most entries are Theology, History, History of Denmark, Danish Biography and Literature. As to provenances there is information concerning the manuscript’s provenance before the inclusion in Otto Thoot’s library in 17 % of the catalogue records. The analysis shows that Otto Thott’s manuscript collection was a universal collection with no specific preferences. The conclusion argues that it is necessary to get information from the various printed catalogs of the manuscript collection into the digital library system and that parts of Thott’s manuscript collection deserve revisiting and recataloguing. The Royal Danish Library’s manuscript collection might explore alternatives to the MARC-format for manuscript cataloguing. In a wider context, it is argued that Otto Thott’s library should be considered a knot in a network, and that data from the many book auction catalogues should be extracted and used for mapping the destinies of specific books and manuscripts.

Spor fra Ørsted. Tværfaglige forsknings- og formidlingsperspektiver fra Det Kgl. Biblioteks Ørsted-arkiv

Laura Søvsø Thomasen: Tracing Ørsted – Interdisciplinary Research and Dissemination Perspectives from the Royal Danish Library’s Hans Christian Ørsted Archive
 2020 marks the 200th anniversary for Hans Christian Ørsted’s discovery of electromagnetism. In connection with the celebration of the bicentennial, the Royal Danish Library will publish online their entire Ørsted archive, which includes a substantial collection of letters to and from Ørsted, a large number of scientific papers on physics, chemistry and mathematics, as well as a plethora of different works on everything from language over politics to aesthetics. With the digitalisation of the archive, the library has created a number of teaching materials available for students in the Danish upper secondary school that showcase the interdisciplinary methods and works by Ørsted but also emphasises the interdisciplinary work required by the students to solve the problem sets. In the article, I explore how the digitalisation of the Ørsted archive opens up for new perspectives both in academic research as well as didactic perspectives in relation to the teaching materials accompanying the archive. In terms of new research perspective, the Ørsted archive showcases how Ørsted not only was interested in a variety of subjects in and around both the natural and cultural sciences, but that he also was truly interdisciplinary himself. Through source material from the archive I show how when approached from the interdisciplinary fields ‘Literature and Science’ and ‘Visual Culture of Science’ that Ørsted integrated both illustrations and literary components to communicate his scientific arguments.

Danske forfatterarkiver og dialogen mellem lokalitet, samling, registrering og forskning

Lotte Thyrring Andersen: Danish Author Archives and the Dialogue between Location, Collection, Cataloguing and Research
 This article concerns Danish author archives and the dialogue between location, collection, cataloguing and research. The starting point of the article is my longstanding work with author archives that have not been submitted to the Royal Danish Library in Copenhagen: The Thøger Larsen Collection at Lemvig Museum, Peter Seeberg’s archive at Hald Hovedgaard and Jens Kruuse’s archive at the Royal Danish Library in Aarhus. The focus of the presentation is aspects of my research and collection experience, and some of the research in which I have been engaged. The article examines the significance of the location of an author archive and the understanding of a body of work, based on the Thøger Larsen Collection at Lemvig Museum. It also examines the relationship between collection, cataloguing and research on the basis of Peter Seeberg’s archive, where the experience gathered concerning the cataloguing of a specific author archive is examined in order to shed light on the practical nature of the work and the research opportunities that cataloguing can present. Finally, the article examines the literary history perspectives that can be derived from the use of author archives, and the potential significance of researcher networks and focus areas for the use of archives. On the basis of Jens Kruuse’s archive at the Royal Danish Library in Aarhus, the article shows that letters can be included as specific voices that contradict, expand on, sharpen and refine the generally accepted and adopted ideas about certain authors and their role in society. New lines of connection emerge, and the view of the period changes and is enriched. Research thus stimulates interest in an author’s archive by utilising the collection’s knowledge and acknowledgements in new representations and perceptions of the author. At the same time, the author archive contributes materials that promote research and the publications within an area. This presupposes that the archive is well-organised and catalogued, to ensure simple and easy access for the user.

Samlingsformidling gennem tematiske værkfortegnelser

Axel Teich Geertinger: Contextualising Library Collections through Thematic Catalogues
 Between the years 2014 and 2019, Dansk Center for Musikudgivelse (DCM) (Danish centre for Music Editing) has published thematic-bibliographic catalogues of the works of four composers, in both digital and printed editions: Carl Nielsen, Johann Adolph Scheibe, J.P.E. Hartmann and Niels W. Gade. The concept and the software behind it were developed by DCM concurrently with the work on the actual catalogues’. DCM’s catalogues of the works are in keeping with a long tradition within musicology, in which such catalogues are a standard tool. In view of the particular situation for sources in Denmark, on the one hand, where most of the relevant material concerning Danish composers can be found in the Royal Danish Library’s collections, and the conversion of the catalogue concept to digital media on the other, DCM’s catalogues of works also gain a different perspective, so that they are not just a reference work for researchers, students and musicians, but also actual dissemination of the collection. While library catalogues’ perspective is fundamentally concentrated on specific items, catalogues of works – as the name says – concentrate on works. The works perspective is appropriate to provide an overview of all the material and information associated with a work and can thus put each source into a context. With links directly to library entries and digitisations, the catalogue can offer an alternative, more generalised and holistic approach to the library’s material than library catalogues. There are also links to related material, such as concurrent reviews in Mediestream. This article presents the catalogue of works concept and discusses its prospects and limitations, in particular from a library perspective.

Gathering Storm. A Landscape Painting from a Danish Province and its Art Histories

This article presents a case-study of the, largely forgotten, Danish painter, F. C. Kiaerskou (1805–1891). Kiaerskou’s regular inclusion in exhibitions by the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Arts Society of Copenhagen indicates the success he enjoyed during his lifetime. Furthermore, a popular pictorial atlas of Denmark, published by Em. Baerentzen in 1856, featured several reproductions of Kiaerskou’s paintings, many of which were then in prominent collections in Denmark. Nevertheless, Kiaerskou found himself on the wrong side of a cultural rift that pitted the national against the international in art. Kiaerskou’s success began to wane in his later years, and since his death he has been written almost completely out of Danish art history. This article explains Kiaerskou’s journey into oblivion through an analysis of his method, subject-matter, correspondence, and reception.

Royal Danish Library

Royal Danish Library

ASPECTS OF ANCIENT GREEK ATHLETICS - (T.H.) Nielsen Two Studies in the History of Ancient Greek Athletics. 1. A Survey of the Proliferation of Athletic and Equestrian Competitions in Late Archaic and Classical Greece. 2. The Prestige of a Nemean Victory. (Scientia Danica. Series H, Humanistica, 8, vol. 16.) Pp. 299, maps. Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and

ASPECTS OF ANCIENT GREEK ATHLETICS - (T.H.) Nielsen Two Studies in the History of Ancient Greek Athletics. 1. A Survey of the Proliferation of Athletic and Equestrian Competitions in Late Archaic and Classical Greece. 2. The Prestige of a Nemean Victory. (Scientia Danica. Series H, Humanistica, 8, vol. 16.) Pp. 299, maps. Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2018. Paper, DKK200. ISBN: 978-87-7304-412-4. - Volume 69 Issue 1

Historical changes in chemical exposures encountered by Danish firefighters.

Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the possibility of using history science methods in occupational studies by evaluating overall historical changes in Danish firefighting modifying chemical exposures from smoke and fire trucks. Methods Data on changes in Danish firefighting after World War II were searched for in both museums and the Danish library catalogue REX, accessing collections of literature from all institutes of the University of Copenhagen and the Danish Royal Library. Results Several historical changes were identified either increasing or reducing chemical exposures in Danish firefighting. New sources of chemical exposures included more toxic smoke combustion from plastic materials introduced in the 1950s, exhaust from new diesel engines introduced in the 1960s and new assignments relating to chemical cleanups in the 1970s and traffic accidents in the 1990s. Nevertheless, several improvements in the profession`s work environment may have reduced chemical exposures, for example, mandatory use of more effective respiratory protection equipment in the 1970s, incorporation of mechanical exhaust systems in the 2000s, and filters and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for diesel engines in the 2010s. Conclusion The data showed that the work environment in Danish firefighting has undergone several improvements during the last decades. At the same time, however, several new chemical hazards have also been introduced. Consequently, no strong conclusions as to whether Danish firefighting overall has become a less hazardous profession can be made.

Plant Systematics World

TAXONVolume 67, Issue 5 p. 1053-1054 TypificationsFree Access Plant Systematics World Vicki Funk, Vicki Funk funkv@si.edu Search for more papers by this author Vicki Funk, Vicki Funk funkv@si.edu Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 October 2018 https://doi.org/10.12705/675.28AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Gaiser, L.O. 1921. Cell division in the pollen mother cell of Anthurium. Masters thesis, Columbia University, New York, U.S.A. Gaiser, L.O. 1924. Intracellular relations of aggregate crystals in the spadix of Anthurium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 389– 398. https://doi.org/10.2307/2479927 Gaiser, L.O. 1926. A list of chromosome numbers in Angiosperms [I]. Genetica 8: 401– 484. Gaiser, L.O. 1927. Chromosome numbers and species characters in Anthurium. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Sect. 5, Biol. Sci., ser. 3, 21: 1– 134. Gaiser, L.O. 1930. Chromosome numbers in Angiosperms II. Bibliogr. Genet. 6: 171– 466. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.270967 Gaiser, L.O. 1930. Chromosome numbers in Angiosperms II I. Genetica 12: 161– 260. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.270965 Gaiser, L.O. 1933. A list of chromosome numbers in Angiosperms IV. Bibliogr. Genet. 10: 105– 250. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.270966 Gaiser, L.O., Sutherland, M. & Moore, R. 1943. Cytological studies in Martynia louisiana. Amer. J. Bot. 30: 543– 551. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1943.tb14797.x Gaiser, L.O. 1946. The genus Liatris. Rhodora 48: 165– 183, 216–263, 273–326, 331–382, 393–412. Gaiser, L.O. 1949. Further distribution of Butomus umbellatus in the Great Lakes region. Rhodora 51: 385– 390. Gaiser, L.O. 1949. Chromosome studies in Liatris I. Spicatae and Pycnostachyae. Amer. J. Bot. 36: 122– 135. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1949.tb05238.x Gaiser, L.O. 1950. Chromosome studies in Liatris II. Graminifoliae and Pauciflorae. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 414– 223. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1950.tb08191.x Gaiser, L.O. 1950. Chromosome studies in Liatris III. Punctatae. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 763– 777. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1950.tb11069.x Gaiser, L.O. 1950. Asynapsis and triploidy in a population of Liatris ligulistylis. Lloydia 13: 229– 242. Gaiser, L.O. 1951. Evidence for intersectional field hybrids in Liatris. Evolution 5: 52– 67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1951.tb02759.x Gaiser, L.O. 1951. Evidence for the hybrid nature of X Liatris creditonensis. Madroño 11: 10– 22. Gaiser, L.O. 1951. A natural hybrid of Liatris (X L. weaveri Shinners). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 45: 750– 763. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422003 Gaiser, L.O. 1951. Chromosome studies in Liatris IV. Scariosae, Tenuifoliae, Elegantes, and Cylindraceae. [Gaiser listed this paper in the literature cited section of a publication as “in prep.” but it was apparently never published.] Gaiser, L.O. 1952. Some rarely collected Mexican Brickellias. Rhodora 54: 229– 232. Gaiser, L.O. 1953. Chromosome studies in Kuhniinae (Eupatorieae). I. Brickellia. Rhodora 55: 253– 267, 269–288, 297–321, 328–345. Gaiser, L.O. 1954. Studies in the Kuhniinae (Eupatorieae) II. J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 87– 133. Zavitz, C.H. & Gaiser L.O. 1956. Notes on Triphora trianthophora in Ontario. Rhodora 58: 31– 35. Gaiser, L.O. & Moore, RJ. 1966. A survey of the vascular plants of Lambton County, Ontario. Ottawa: Plant Research Institute, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture. [Supposed to be on line at: http://agris.fao.org but I could not find it.] Volume67, Issue5October 2018Pages 1053-1054 ReferencesRelatedInformation