Dangerous Waste Research Articles

Effect of Synthesis Process on The Piezoelectric Properties of (1-x) NBT-xBT: A Comparative Study Between Solid State and Hydrothermal Methods

Lead-free oxide perovskite materials are produced to ensure that no toxic or dangerous waste is released into the environment, although this technique often requires a high-temperature synthesis method. Nevertheless, the development of an environmentally friendly chemical process to carry out the synthesis of perovskite material in the laboratory at low temperature is a major challenge. In this investigation, to lower the temperature of the thermal treatment, (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3 (abbreviated as (1-x)NBT-xBT) ceramics were synthesized using two different methods: a hydrothermal method and a conventional calcination process (solid-state), using the same reagents. The effects of various synthesis techniques on the composition, structure, morphology, and dielectric properties of the (1-x)NBT-xBT ceramics were registered and examined. The XRD plots taken at ambient temperature were used to verify the phase formation of the samples. The occurrence of functional bands was also verified by Raman spectroscopy at ambient temperature. Using the Rietveld refinement method were able to detect the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) near x=0.05-0.07. When the hydrothermal process was adopted, the (1-x)NBT-xBT ceramics show a single perovskite structure sintered at 1000°C. Moreover, scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination revealed a uniform distribution of grains and a significant change in grain size with the increase in BaTiO3 concentration when compared to the conventional method. The microstructure of ceramics is generally strongly influenced by the method used to prepare the powders, which has a considerable impact on their performance. Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the specimens have been compared with the properties of those prepared by the hydrothermal process. Thus, the choice of the suitable synthesis method depends on the desired properties of the (1-x)NBT-xBT materials.

An Integrated Circular Supply Chain Framework to Enhance Malaysian Business Performance

Businesses rely on supply chain management to suit the needs of global and multigenerational consumers. However, the current linear manufacturing and distribution supply chain strategy has been regarded as the source of dangerous waste generation, environmental deterioration, and the global warming phenomenon. In mitigating this issue, circular supply chain management, a practical integration model, is seen as the solution as it helps to reduce material flows and supply chain waste. Unfortunately, the fundamental mechanisms that can support its effective execution have not been comprehensively examined, hindering its complete incorporation into company strategy. Thus, to overcome this knowledge gap and improve organizational understanding, this study uses the systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) procedure to investigate the characteristics, enablers, and barriers of circular supply chain management. The study found five interconnected key structures: government, industry stakeholders, corporate management, end users, and financial institutions, all of which play important roles in the successful implementation of a circular supply chain strategy. As a result, close collaboration across the five identified stakeholders is essential to enable successful implementation. This study's objective is to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, and 12, which aim to promote peace and prosperity for people and the planet both now and in the future.

Active mussel biomonitoring for the health status assessment of the Western Mediterranean Sea

The Western Mediterranean coast is under the influence of anthropogenic pressures, including land use, increasing amounts of dangerous waste and habitat destruction. In 2021, the French RINBIO network (http://www.ifremer.fr/envlit/) originally dedicated to assess chemical contamination in the region, focused on biological effects produced by contaminants and the interaction with natural variability in mussels using an active caging strategy. Cell and tissue level biomarkers were applied for 17 sampling sites divided in three sub-regions categorized by different environmental conditions. Results provide critical information for ecosystem health assessment using mussels as sentinel species in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The influence of natural and confounding factors (trophic condition, reproductive cycle, caging strategy), on biological responses to mild chemical contamination, was discussed and discriminated for health status assessment. Results provide valuable data available as reference values for the assessment of biomarkers and histopathological alterations for large-scale active biomonitoring campaigns in the Western Mediterranean Sea.

Aspects Regarding of Oil Sludge Cleaning from Crude Storage Tanks Using Robots

One of the problems of the oil industry is the accumulation of sludge at the bottom of crude oil storage tanks. Oil sludge obtained from crude oil storage tanks is a semi-solid waste. It is actually a complex emulsion made up of numerous petroleum hydrocarbons, water and solid particles or mineral impurities from the rock. Oil sludge is generated during the storage of crude oil production, but also during the transportation, storage, and refining of crude oil. Through its nature - organic and inorganic, dark brown / black in color and semi-fluid physical state - it is a very dangerous waste, as it includes many poisonous substances, such as: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, xylene, benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, but also metals heavy. Therefore, oil sludge deposition is a dynamic, long-term, and ever-changing process. The authors, under the auspices of AOȘR and AGIR, present - through this scientific paper - a modern technology used for the successful cleaning of oil sludge from crude oil storage tanks and, obviously, it can be a recommendation for organizations in the oil industry.

Comprehensive review of solid waste management strategies and disposal approaches

Solid waste management is a worldwide concern with substantial environmental, social, and economic ramifications. This review provides a complete assessment of solid waste management from an Indian viewpoint. It presents an overview of the current state, difficulties, and prospects in solid waste management, focusing on environmental sustainability and public health. The goal is to give a comprehensive overview of many approaches utilized to manage and reduce the expanding problem of solid waste. It examines a variety of waste management techniques, such as landfill disposal, recycling, composting, waste-to-energy practices, and waste elimination and minimizing. Many municipalities across the country prefer landfilling for the removal of solid waste. In landfills, waste is transformed through chemical, biological, and physical processes, functioning as an environmental furnace. Therefore, soil cover thickness, barriers, leachate collecting, landfill gas recovery, and flaring facilities are essential for sustainable landfilling. The benefits of composting and anaerobic breakdown for decreasing the environmental effect of biological waste are examined in this review. Hazardous chemicals in landfills can have severe ecological and public health consequences. It looks into the benefits of effective dangerous waste disposal, such as pollution control and resource recovery. Mining and reusing landfills for diverse uses, such as renewable energy generation and recreational areas, have the potential to be beneficial. The article discusses upcoming solid waste management trends and technologies such as intelligent garbage collection mechanisms, reuse and recycling concepts, and sustainable packaging solutions. It emphasizes the potential of these advances to improve overall waste management effectiveness and sustainability.

Investigation of Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Properties for Subgrade Improvement using Marble Dust Waste

Introduction The distribution of suction, which has implications for seepage and shear strength, plays a crucial role in determining the stability of unsaturated soil. The Air Entry Value (AEV) and Residual Water Contents (RWC) change over time to create the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), which is very important for figuring out how the suction is distributed. During a flood occurrence, the subgrade becomes inundated with water, leading to adverse effects on the AEV and RWC of the subgrade. Consequently, the performance of the subgrade is diminished. This study focuses on the use of Marble Dust Waste (MDW) as an addition to the subgrade to improve the strength of the subgrade. Aims This study aims to investigate the variations in air AEV in relation to the optimal MDW in unsaturated soil found in Malaysia. Methods The study uses control samples and soil that has been mixed with different amounts of MDW: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The SWCC is generated using the pressure plate extractor device. Results The results indicate a significant increase in the AEV for the mixed soil sample when compared to the control sample. While the soil-MDW mixture containing 5% of this material has an AEV value of 23 kPa, the control sample's value is 10 kPa. Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that the utilization of MDW yields a beneficial influence on the AEV, hence potentially improving the performance of the subgrade. The researchers aim to evaluate the potentially dangerous waste and convert it into a substance that is appropriate for engineering applications. This study provides empirical evidence that aligns with the objectives outlined in Chapter 8 of the 12th Malaysia Plan for the period 2021–2025. The topic under discussion pertains to environmental sustainability, specifically focusing on enhancing the ability to withstand the adverse effects of climate change and disasters, as well as the Green Technology Master Plan Malaysia 2017–2030, with a specific emphasis on Chapter 6, which addresses the issue of waste management.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pencemaran Limbah Pewarna Cair Industri Tekstil

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pencemaran Limbah Pewarna Cair Industri Tekstil

Recent research progress on modified activated carbon from biomass for the treatment of wastewater: A critical review

AbstractWater is one of the most vital substances on the planet that supports and sustains life. One of the most crucial challenges of our time is water. It is a basic need for all living beings. Worldwide, a large amount of wastewater is produced daily from home and industrial sources, creating problems such a water shortage and environmental degradation. Water that has already been utilized is called wastewater. It has been observed that the wastewater released varies in composition according to the kind of industry and the municipal sources. Microorganisms, heavy metals, organic pollutants, pesticides, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, emerging contaminants, and potentially dangerous wastes are all present in it. Among the most effective methods for removing these contaminants in recent times is the adsorption phenomenon. The presence of various contaminants in wastewater can be efficiently reduced by the simple, efficient, and affordable process of adsorption. Selection of suitable adsorbent is the crucial technique in this operation of adsorption. A versatile adsorbent is activated carbon (AC). Their maximum surface reactivity, large surface area, and microporous form are what give them their adsorptive capabilities. To enable recovery and filter, eliminate, or change the toxic components from gases and liquid solutions, they are used to purify, decolorize, deodorize, dechlorinate, separate, and concentrate. As a result, a variety of industries are interested in AC for the process of adsorption. This review paper briefs the characteristics of AC and their preparation techniques. It discusses the numerous approaches for modifying the surface of AC with significant adsorption capability. It also emphasizes the usage of AC with the elimination of different toxins found in waste water.

Pelatihan Teknik Ecoprint Sebagai Alternatif Peluang Usaha

Currently, MSME products continue to grow and develop, in fact some types of products are developing very rapidly in line with market demand trends. The textile industry is one of the contributors to the highest amount of waste or rubbish in the world. One of the wastes produced by the textile industry is liquid waste in the form of residual dyes/synthetic dye liquid from the fabric dyeing process which contains several dangerous chemical substances. As time goes by and technology continues to develop, synthetic dyes for textiles have been discovered. Synthetic dyes produce dangerous waste which can cause environmental pollution, such as contaminating the surrounding soil, sediment and surface water. Ecoprint products do have their own uniqueness and appeal. The application of the eco friendly concept, aka environmentally friendly products and their sustainable nature, is attractive to those who support a sustainable and environmentally friendly lifestyle. If many years ago an environmentally friendly lifestyle was popular abroad, now in Indonesia there are also many similar campaigns. This creates very open business opportunities for ecoprint products, both at home and abroad. Entrepreneurial training, especially in the field of ecoprint business management in the RW 08 area, Krapyak Subdistrict, West Semarang District, is a consideration for the Semarang College of Economics Community Service Team to carry out ecoprint product business management training activities so that it can help entrepreneurs, especially mothers and teenagers who have developed businesses. which he has initiated. Activities are expected to be carried out in a sustainable manner so as to have a positive impact on economic development.

STRENGTH STUDIES ON CONCRETE USING E-PLASTIC WASTE AS COARSE AGGREGATE

<p>As an important resource for the IT sector and due to the extremely hazardous elements it contains and the low recycling rate, e-plastic waste management and recycling are growing swiftly. E-plastic waste utilization reduces aggregate costs, landfill costs and energy prices. Rapid population growth coexisted with industrialization and a dynamic shift in the volume of garbage produced. These dangerous wastes and other types of waste represent a serious threat to the ecosystem as well as human health. Therefore, the issue of efficient waste management is essential to the preservation of the environment, human health and livelihood. Concrete coarse aggregate made from plastic and recovered e-waste is being tested for feasibility. Testing was done to find out the characteristics of electronic plastic waste when used as coarse aggregate (2%, 4%, 6%, & 8%). These characteristics included specific gravity, water absorption, fineness test, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete.</p>

Adsorptive Removal of Fluoride Using Waste Cigarette Butts Potential Application in Drinking Water Treatment

An intractable dangerous waste is cigarette butts and these wastes are discarded everywhere and ultimately cause severe threat to the health of environmental. In this study, waste cigarette butts were successfully converted to biochar and impregnation of Zn and Al metals for decontamination of fluoride from fluoride contaminated medium through adsorption study. This study provides a feasibility to convert a waste to a valuable material for possible solution of environmental pollution.

Analysis of European statistical indicators of environmental efficiency

The main task of this article is to define the function of statistical indicators in the process of analysing the environmental performance indicators. It is established that in economies of European countries the general principals of ecologisation of the economy are determined enviromental policy, which involves using of complex mechanisms for modernising and rationalizing of the manufacturing. In the EU countries, environmental protection is a strategically important task by active implementation of innovative production technologies and using effective financial instruments of influence for those subjects of management, whose activities significantly worsen the condition of the environment. In solving environmental and resource problems, it is necessary to use preventive methods that will reduce the risks of further escalation of the environmental and economic situation in the European region. To define the prospects of agricultural ecologisation, a statistical analysis of the dynamics of change in the area of organic farming was made. The indicators of energy tax revenues from the agricultural sector of European countries were determined and it was established that the volume of energy consumption is reduced by the introduction of innovative technologies for energy production and consumption. It is proved that sharing of zero-emission vehicles in newly registered cars is growing fast because of the large-scale implementation of automotive ecological programs. The indicators of production, safe and dangerous waste generation and the level of household waste recycling were explored too. A large part of goods is produced by recycling materials in economies of many developed countries. The analysis of the volume of environmental services provided by public authorities in a number of European countries was carried out in order to determine the dynamics indicators, conduct a comparative analysis and establish the absolute deviation. The research shows that in the structural model of environmental policy an important function is performed by mechanisms of environmental crediting and subsidisation, and the volumes of environmental subsidies, which are also determined and reviewed. It is recommended to study and implement the experience of European countries in solving environmental and resource problems by realisation the policy of sustainable development and balanced nature management in Ukraine.

The Waste Management of Non-Organic Waste by Residents of Laut Dendang Region

This study is aiming to observe the condition and utilization of non-organic waste by the residents of Laut Dendang Region. This study is implementing qualitative method. The data collection techniques used observation and interviews technique. The environment is very closely related to humans. Non-organic waste is typical waste that cannot be decomposed by bacteria and takes a very long time to decompose. The increasing volume of waste requires prospered handle in which management of Non-organic waste that does not use the method will have a very dangerous impact to the environment and human health. The most dangerous waste is Non-organic waste which produced by households and industry. The use of Non-organic waste requires ways that must be carried out by the residents of Laut Dendang Region to maintain the environment and public health.

Modi-Red Mud Loaded CoCatalyst Activated Persulfate Degradation of Ofloxacin

As an abundant potentially dangerous waste, red mud (RM) requires a straightforward method of resource management. In this paper, an RM catalyst loaded with cobalt (Co-RM) was prepared by the coprecipitation method for the efficient activation of persulfate (PS). Its degradation performance and mechanism of ofloxacin (OFL) were investigated. The characterization results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and energy dispersive spectrometer showed cobalt was successfully loaded onto the surface of RM, and the catalyst produced could effectively activate PS. Under the conditions of 15 mg/L OFL, 0.4 g/L Co-RM, 4 g/L PDS, 3.0 pH, and 40 °C temperature, the maximum removal rate of OFL by the Co-RM/PDS system was 80.06%. Free radical scavenging experiments confirmed sulfate radicals were the main active substances in the reaction system. The intermediates in OFL degradation were further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. Finally, the relationship between defluorination rate and time in the Co-RM/PDS degradation OFL system was described by the first-order kinetic equation. This work reports an economical, environmental solution to the use of waste RM and provides a research basis for the further exploration of RM-based catalysts.

Application of organosolv technology to improve the anaerobic digestion of olive oil pomace

So far, there are few sustainable alternatives to manage the exhausted olive pomace (EOP), a dangerous waste produced by the olive oil sector. In this work, EOP resulting from organosolv pretreatment was submitted to conventional anaerobic digestion (mono-AD) or co-digestion with sewage sludge (co-AD) at different ratios using a pilot-scale stirred tank reactor. Firstly, it was observed that a shortening of the acclimation phase improved performance allowing a methane specific productivity of 575.15 LCH4 kg VS−1 d−1. Even though the mono-AD strategy was more performant than co-AD in terms of biogas specific productivity (25.50 Lbiogas kgEOP−1 d−1), all tested conditions yielded 67–70% methane and a negligible H2S content. Likewise, no significant differences between these strategies were found in terms of methane specific productivity and biodegradability that reached maximum values of 230.85 ± 19.29 LCH4 kgVS−1 d−1 and 61.3 ± 5.1%, respectively. The main differences between them were observed in the overall chemical oxygen demand consumption rate (819.10 and 656.70 gCOD L−1 d−1 for Co-AD and mono-AD, respectively) and volatile solids removal (86.5% for Co-AD and 34.8% for mono-AD) when feeding 40 g of pretreated EOP. This work highlights the positive effect of organosolv to improve AD and the feasibility of the proposal to achieve the zero waste in this sector.

Regeneration of Spent Nickel Catalyst via Hydrometallurgical Method

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nickel Catalyst is one of the common catalysts found in chemical industries. However, this catalyst has a limited lifetime indicated by having performance or activity drop so it is potentially become dangerous waste if the handling is not proper. The spent nickel catalyst needs to be processed to recover and avoid pollution towards the environment. The Hydrometallurgy method is a proper method to process nickel catalyst waste. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristic of a regenerated nickel catalyst when it is treated with HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the lixiviant. In this research, the spent nickel catalyst was treated with HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in the presence of 2% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reductant under room conditions and mixing rate at 200 rpm for 30 minutes of reaction. The leaching filtrate was precipitated using NaOH solution while the formed precipitate was heated at 800 °C for 3 hours. The regenerated catalyst was characterized using FTIR and SEM-EDX. The SEM images showed regenerated catalyst prepared using the HCl solution has a different morphology compared to the one using the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution. Based on FTIR analysis, both samples exhibit Ni-O and C-O groups. Based on elemental analysis, the highest nickel concentration was obtained by using HCl with a Ni content of 25.98%w/w, compare to sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) with a Ni content of 10.94%w/w. The Ni content can be improved by the addition of a washing step after the sintering process.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong></p><p align="left">Hydrometallurgy Nickel Catalyst, Waste, Leaching, Sintering</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

Cognitive cloud framework for waste dumping analysis using deep learning vision computing in healthy environment

Increased population and usage of more unnatural particles create dangerous waste in society. Environmental Sustainability is ensured based on proper waste management solutions. There is a need for real-time monitoring of waste dumping in the respective area to alert the individual management team to control it. We specifically investigated a solution to the issue of preventing the illegal disposal of waste in smart cities. In this regard, we will discuss the working model of an automatic visual identification and warning system. The proposed method uses cognitive computing technologies to analyze films taken by cameras located in metropolitan areas. To locate huge trash waste where it shouldn't be and alert the municipality to the situation. Initially, the proposed method develops the application prototype. Next, the Deep learning method Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) MobileNet v2 is used to detect bulky waste data. Finally, the CNN method classifies the data and triggers the alarm system. The alarm system alerts the municipality with warning sounds to remove waste dumping. The proposed method provides an intelligent waste management system and a healthy environment. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the suggested strategy yields a superior outcome.

Challenges Related to the Transformation of Post-Mining Underground Workings into Underground Laboratories

Underground mines are a vital part of the European raw material industry. The subsurface mining process is related to the large-scale development of underground structures like tunnels, chambers, workings, etc. These structures are abandoned or liquidated during the process of exploitation or after the termination of works. Still, due to the unique environment, post-mining facilities may be adopted for different purposes. There are few examples of implementations of this capacity in practical terms such as underground laboratories (ULs), energy storages, landfills of dangerous wastes, or food production plants. Unfortunately, the unique environment offered by underground space is also related to the occurrence of exceptional hazards, like seismicity and ground control problems, gases, floods, the lack of natural ventilation, and high temperatures. This results in low interest in investing in such facilities. Within this paper, some ways to repurpose underground mines have been presented, and possible challenges that need to be faced have been described. An extensive database of threats to post-mining repurposing and ways to mitigate them has been prepared based on surveys and interviews conducted with representatives of currently existing Uls and mining companies and a literature review. Finally, this manuscript provides a general look at post-mining infrastructure in Europe’s current situation and in the future.

Comparative Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Multi-System and Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, and locations where diagnosis and treatment are administered, create dangerous waste that predisposes individuals to deadly infections. Medical waste management aims to improve health and prevent public health and environmental threats. Questionnaires, interviews, site visitations, and observations were utilized to determine the management strategies implemented in the three hospitals and evaluate the efficacy of waste management. The hospitals under review are Afe Babalola University Multi-system Hospital (AMSH), Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), and Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the questionnaires, and the mean assessment was utilized to compute the waste per bed each day. The results revealed that the three hospitals’ sharp, infectious, and pharmaceutical waste is the most sorted. All hospitals burn their medical waste in incinerators but dispose of the ashes in dumpsites. The mean evaluation of all hospitals’ medical waste was weighed to establish the overall amount generated. The total amount of medical waste created at AMSH, EKSUTH, and FETHI is 31.5 kg, 53.6 kg, and 135.1 kg, respectively. The medical waste generated per bed per day in AMSH, EKSUTH, and FETHI is 0.61 kg, 0.74 kg, and 0.73 kg, respectively. It was determined that the proper management and disposal of waste is a critical obligation of healthcare facilities. There should be a provision for educating personnel about the consequences of inappropriately disposing of medical waste.

From dangerous wastes to green construction materials, as thermally stable-radiation blocker, in presence of meso-porous magnesia and alumina

The nominal objective behind this study is to recycle iron-rich slag (GGBFS) and lead-rich glass waste (LRGW) as industrial solid wastes in the presence of meso-porous magnesia or alumina to produce sustainable, eco-friendly, and high-performance binding materials. Four NaOH-activated composites (AACs) pastes have been prepared: Pure alkali-activated slag (AAS), AAS-20%LRGW, AAS-20%LRGW-3% meso-porous MgO, and AAS-20%LRGW-3% meso-porous Al2O3. After the hardening process, the compressive strength was measured at 1, 7 and 28-days of normal curing (high humidity at 25 °C). Thermal stability test for all AACs, after 28-days, was conducted at 250, 500 and 750 °C. Two different radio-active isotopes (Cs-137 and Co-60) were used, as gamma radiation sources, to investigate the attenuation performance of all prepared AACs. The results confirmed that, among the four composites, AAS-20%LRGW-3% meso-porous MgO composite pastes possessed the highest compressive strength (29.3 MPa), highest thermal stability (25 MPa, 18.2 MPa and 10 MPa at 250 °C, 500 °C and 750 °C, respectively). Moreover, this composite has the highest gamma radiation shielding performance, whatever the intensity of the gamma-ray or firing temperature. At cesium isotope, it was found that the μ values were 0.199 ± 0.003, 0.197 ± 0.003, 0.194 ± 0.005 and 0.188 ± 0.005 cm−1 at 25, 250, 500 and 750 °C, respectively. This efficiency is attributed to the role of meso-porous MgO; it has a high surface area (8891 cm2/g), high adsorption capacity (2.042 cm3/g), and low average pore diameter (37.17 nm); these textural characteristics helped much in the generation of additional hydrates/binding phases such as calcium-silicate-hydrates (CSHs), calcium-aluminate-hydrates (CAHs), calcium-alumino-silicate hydrates (CASHs as gehlenite or hydrogarnet), hydrotalcite, magnesium silicate hydrates (MSHs) as well as sodium-alumino-silicate-hydrates (NASHs) and lead silicates (Pb3SiO5). All these phases were detected via XRD, TGA/DTG as well as SEM/EDX techniques. Moreover, the inclusion of meso-porous MgO enhanced the immobilization of hazardous lead according to the obtained data from the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP). Hence, we recommend using AAS-20%LRGW-3%MgO composite as gamma-radiation blocker in medical fields and concrete landfills containing dangerous radioactive wastes.