Dangerous Space Research Articles

Violence, urban space and everyday life in the Mexican War on Drugs: Tijuana as a case Study

The following paper explores the spatiality of Mexico’s war on drugs by developing an analytical frame to examine urban space in Tijuana, a Mexican northern border city. Tijuana has been signified and construed as an unsafe and violent place within the context of the Mexican antinarcotics strategy. Its construction as a dangerous space coincides with its urban and demographic expansion, as well as its connection with the global circuits of drug distribution and the implementation of the war on drugs within the city. By representing it as an unsafe space, it has been authorized the exertion of unlimited violence upon its users and inhabitants by both state and private agents producing forms of extreme citizen vulnerability. As a consequence, both the political life of the city and its citizens´ rights have been reduced to their bare minimum. Building on the analysis of Tijuana´s symbolic, demographic and urban configuration, the consequences these processes have had upon the production of the city´s residents’ political identities are explored. By delving into the microphysics of the geographical imaginations on criminality and drugs in Tijuana, this paper contributes to the analysis on the ways in which the exertion of violence within the war on drugs is linked to the variegated forms urban space is interpreted by both citizens and authorities.

Выявление потенциально опасных космических объектов и сближений с сопровождаемыми космическими аппаратами

Выявление потенциально опасных космических объектов и сближений с сопровождаемыми космическими аппаратами

Disaster Strikes!: The Most Dangerous Space Missions of All Time by Jeffrey Kluger

Disaster Strikes!: The Most Dangerous Space Missions of All Time by Jeffrey Kluger

The Day of Prayer and Its Potential for Engendering Public Ecclesiology Ecumenism in Zambia

This article argues that while the National Day of Prayer in Zambia has its inception in political context, it has obligated the institutional churches to break out of their religiously fixed spaces, forcing them to suspend their official doctrinal positions for that specific day, and embrace each other in enacting what could be classified as “public ecclesiology ecumenism”. The article defines public ecclesiology ecumenism as the manifestation of institutionally-defined churches in public spaces to celebrate a common liturgical life in Christ through prayer, songs, preaching, and promotion of unified prophetic witness in the public. However, being a political initiative makes the Day of Prayer a potentially dangerous neo-colonial space for advancing a dominant political ideology which perpetuates corruption and exploitation of the masses. Thus, one of the core tasks of the churches is to liberate, reclaim, and reconstitute the Day of Prayer into a prophetic site of struggle against political corruption and poor governance by seeking to produce alternative public and political cultures.

A biobjective branch and bound procedure for planning spatial missions

More than 90% of the space objects orbiting around the earth are space debris. Since the orbits of these debris often overlap the trajectories of spacecraft, they create a potential collision risk. The problem of removing the most dangerous space debris can be modeled as a biobjective time dependent traveling salesman problem (BiTDTSP). In this paper, we study an approach based on a branch and bound procedure to determine the Pareto frontier of the BiTDTSP.

Monitoring of Dangerous Space Bodies

Monitoring of Dangerous Space Bodies

Reinventing Rio de Janeiro’s old port: territorial stigmatization, symbolic re-signification, and planned repopulation in Porto Maravilha | A reinvenção da zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro: estigmatização territorial, ressignificação simbólica e repovoamento planejado no projeto Porto Maravilha

Rio de Janeiro’s former port has undergone an intense process of transformation driven by investor expectations and real estate profitability objectives. However, in this depressed area, long marked by various territorial stigmas, the rise in land value largely depends upon symbolic revaluation. One of the main objectives of the large-scale urban redevelopment project known as Porto Maravilha is to reverse existing perceptions of the port area, moving away from representations as an abandoned, decadent, dangerous space, towards a more positive image as a showcase for Rio de Janeiro and a new gateway to the city. This article describes the triple process through which this reversal is achieved: territorial stigmatization, symbolic re-signification and planned repopulation. It documents various strategies used by project proponents to radically transform the symbolic, material and social make-up of the area in order to promote its revaluation. It also aims to document diverse modes of resistance developed by local population groups to denounce the invisibility, silencing and symbolic erasure they have suffered, showing, in the process, that in Porto Maravilha, culture serves both as an instrument of gentrification and as a tool of resistance.

Retrospective and futuristic idealization: Defining German coloniality after the loss of empire

The article discusses two very different examples of German post-imperial writing as manifestations of a colonialist imaginary that was both retrospective / nostalgic and futuristic / aspirational. They serve to illustrate how colonialist discourse after 1918 shaped attitudes towards colonial space in ways that survived the next historical caesura, that of 1945. Some of the animal stories from former German East Africa assembled in Rudolf Sendke’s book of reminiscences (1925) enact an idealized benevolent and respectful, yet determined and capable role of Germans in unruly and dangerous colonial space, while Adolf Kaempffer, 15 years later, devises a vision of the perfect National Socialist society based on social engineering and racial segregation to be created in an imaginary regained German South-West Africa.

A*アルゴリズムを用いたLimb型ロボットの骨組み構造での経路計画と動作生成

Recently, legged robots have been developed to work in a dangerous space for an investigation, rescue, and so on. This paper introduces a method for a Limb-type robot to move in frame structures such as a ladder or jungle-gym. The proposed method is based on path planning and motion generation. For path planning problem, A* algorithm plans a path while taking the workspace of limbs of the robot in consideration. The robot can then move along the resultant path, and the robot need to stop to hold new supported position on the way. The velocity change for stoppages is decided by mechanical constrains of the robot. The motion is generated from the velocity by Inverse kinematics. After the method is explained, kinematic simulation is conducted, and some problems and the improvement plans are indicated.

Growth in the quantity of debris in Space as AN effect of mutual mechanical collisions of various types

Estimates are determined of the potential consequences of mutual collisions of dangerous space objects both among themselves and with operating space systems. Research extrapolating the existing objective estimates and supervision of pollution in low Earth orbits shows the probability of catastrophic growth in the number of objects and orbital debris in low orbits leading to the practical impossibility of further peaceful scientific exploration of space. The development of methodologies and technologies regarding the comprehensive investigation of shock impacts on space objects and systems becomes the actual task for the creation of conditions for the safe development of peaceful space explorations. Research involving the collision processes, including the dynamics and associated consequences, developing means and pathways of protection for spaceships, protection of structures and systems from the influence of high-speed objects, means and methods to remove debris from space, and the use of dangerous objects. The technology of measurements with applications in tensometry provides data acquisition concerning the shock impulse in a wide range of collision conditions, and ensuring a physical and constructive variety of the impacting objects is considered.

Non-state space: the strategic ejection of dangerous and high maintenance urban space

ABSTRACTNon-state space: the strategic ejection of dangerous and high maintenance urban space. Territory, Politics, Governance. Some commentators have characterized so-called ‘no-go’ areas as sites in which the exercise of authority is prevented. Here we suggest that many such spaces are produced by state, policing and citizen repertoires that aim to minimize the costs and risks of engaging, supporting and servicing such spaces and their populations. In this article, we locate strategies of public spending, policing and political action that offer a governing logic in which neighbourhoods are essentially subtracted from the constitution of the city. During such designations, the assurances of citizenship, vitality of civic institutions and presence of policing may be partially or wholly suspended. We present a framework for the identification of such strategies in which these forms of social, political and spatial exiting are described as being autotomic in nature – spaces that are ejected in order to avoid losses or further damage to the body politic of the city in ways akin to the response of certain animals that protect themselves from predation by shedding a limb or body part. This term adds force and depth to assessments of the ways both temporary and more sustained exits by policing, management and state servicing are designed in order to avoid responsibility over or engagement with spaces deemed a threat in order to maintain the integrity of the remaining, included city.

Magnet Design of an 800 MeV High Power Proton Cyclotron

The high-power proton beam has wide applications in neutron and neutrino physics, radioactive ion-beam production, ADS systems, proton radiography, and nuclear data measurement, etc. Cyclotrons are intrinsic in continuous-wave beam mode, which has the characteristics of high efficient power conversion rate, compact structure, and relatively low construction cost. A high-power 800-MeV proton cyclotron was proposed by CIAE, and the prestudy on the cyclotron was carried out since the year of 2009. The main magnet is among the most crucial and challenging subsystems. In contrast to low beam current cyclotron, the main magnet system of high beam current cyclotron needs to provide very strong vertical focusing force to avoid the beam blowup caused by dangerous resonances and space charge effects. In this paper, the 3-D modeling and optimizing work on this large-scale magnet system are presented in detail.

20 Years of SOHO

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), a joint mission of ESA and NASA, has provided unparalleled insight into the Sun over the past 20 years – from its interior, through the hot and dynamic atmosphere, out to the solar wind and its interaction with the interstellar medium. SOHO also plays a vital role in forecasting potentially dangerous space weather situations by continuously monitoring solar storms, and unexpectedly also became the most prolific discoverer of comets in the history of astronomy.

Interrupting a legacy of hatred: Friches Théâtre Urbain's Lieu Commun

ABSTRACTIn a violent clash between rival gangs from Asnières and Gennevilliers in the banlieue north of Paris, a 15-year-old boy was killed at the metro station Les Courtilles, the last stop on Line 13. Inevitably, revenge attacks occurred. Security was heightened with hundreds of police patrolling the area, but residents and city officials alike understood that increased police presence alone would never be a long-term solution. Realising the need for radically different approaches to halt an escalation of violence, city officials, asked Sarah Harper, Artistic Director of Friches Théâtre Urbain, a street theatre company in Paris, to develop a community-based art-making project that would augment attempts by the youth workers and others to defuse the volatile situation. In Lieu Commun, the multi-faceted project lasting 20 months, Harper developed innovative approaches to collaborative art-making resulting in vibrant public art that repeatedly interrupted the legacy of hatred between Asnières and Gennevilliers. The slow process of collaborative art-making began with symbolic links between the residents of the two towns rather than face-to-face contact, an innovative approach that eased the way for more profound activist cooperation. The co-created public art took the form of elaborate, often mobile, performance installations that began to replace the narrative of conflict that had become customary for Asnières and Gennevilliers with an opposing narrative of cooperation, both depicted in the art product and practiced in the art-making. Community collaboration in the creation of this ephemeral public art played a significant role not only in changing the character of the confrontational and often dangerous public space of the metro station, but also in altering attitudes of both residents and city officials toward the potential for art to foster cooperation and active citizenship.

Bullies and Blackmail: Finding Homophobia in the Closet on Teen TV

In 2010–2011, teen TV series set in high schools depicted as many non-straight teen characters in one year as in the preceding decade. Through a discursive textual analysis of closeted, post-closet and recently out teens on five scripted American and Canadian television series from this season, I argue that the closet is consistently framed as a vulnerable, dangerous and violent space in contrast to the safety and acceptance that accompanies coming out and being out in high school. Further, these teen series explicitly present homophobia as an issue of significance in teen lives, while ascribing its existence to individuals. Many versions of this pattern reflect a media trend identified by David Bergman in which homophobia is shown to exist only in the minds of people who are gay. Importantly, these series often assign responsibility for the mobilization of homophobia to non-straight teens. I highlight four tropes concerning the closet that figure prominently: the homophobic and closeted bully; the blackmail of a closeted character; the sidelining of closeted characters; and the ease of coming out in high school. This focus on closeted, post-closet and recently out teens enables a comparison of how non-straight youth are represented in highly differentiated terms.

The politics of intimacy: Nazi and Hutu propaganda as case studies

ABSTRACTThis study examines the particular (but not exclusive) relationship between violent intimacy and Nazi and Hutu genocidal propaganda in relation to national desires. It focuses on the fears of the ‘double’ (the close stranger) as projected in language in order to point to the ‘anxiety of intimacy’ as a dangerous social space that under specific historical and political conditions can turn into genocide. As paradoxical as it may seem, intimacy is not only a concept of love but also a concept of hate and violence. This article aims to show how genocidal language can simultaneously reflect the desire of the other and its disavowal in violent language. Nazi and Hutu propaganda are analysed as case studies using psychoanalytic interpretations and social criticism theory to discuss how violent intimacy works in language and how mimetic desire of the other (of its freedom, power, intellect, pleasures, etc.), constitutes negative identification and a fear of the ‘double other’, giving rise to a ‘rapture of death’. Violent intimacy is not the only explanation of genocide, but it is a hidden force that should not be overlooked.

El abrazo del mar. Acerca de la metáfora del mar y la simbología del agua en la poesía erótica española e hispanoamericana

In Greek mythology and classical culture, there has always been a relationship between the sea and eroticism. Yet, European literature has been drawn away from this influence due to the weight of Jewish-Christian culture, besides the Arabic tradition on the Peninsula. Therefore, the sea in poetry has had a marginal role for hundreds of years. Even when the Renaissance artists rediscovered Hellenic culture, the representation of the ocean didn’t regain its vitality. It did appear in metaphors or comparisons and as general scenery, but still as a minor subject in poetry in general and especially in erotic poetry. Only throughout the 20th century, did the sea manage to develop its sensual potential and to lose the reputation of a cold and dangerous space. Not only in Spanish, but particularly Latin America erotic poetry, offers countless examples celebrating the dynamism of the sea through all senses.

A Space Weather mission concept: Observatories of the Solar Corona and Active Regions (OSCAR)

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) are major sources of magnetic storms on Earth and are therefore considered to be the most dangerous space weather events. The Observatories of Solar Corona and Active Regions (OSCAR) mission is designed to identify the 3D structure of coronal loops and to study the trigger mechanisms of CMEs in solar Active Regions (ARs) as well as their evolution and propagation processes in the inner heliosphere. It also aims to provide monitoring and forecasting of geo-effective CMEs and CIRs. OSCAR would contribute to significant advancements in the field of solar physics, improvements of the current CME prediction models, and provide data for reliable space weather forecasting. These objectives are achieved by utilising two spacecraft with identical instrumentation, located at a heliocentric orbital distance of 1 AU from the Sun. The spacecraft will be separated by an angle of 68� to provide optimum stereoscopic view of the solar corona. We study the feasibility of such a mission and propose a preliminary design for OSCAR.

Estimated efficiency of the deflection of a dangerous space object using an explosion or impact

The efficiency of various methods for deflection of dangerous space objects (e.g., asteroids) is studied. The main physical processes related to a distant nuclear explosion are analyzed, and a mechanical momentum is calculated. Mechanical momenta resulting from explosions of buried nuclear and chemical charges are quantitatively estimated. Approximate expressions for estimation of the mechanical momentum related to explosion or high-velocity impact are derived. The topicality of the protection of the earth from dangerous space objects and the corresponding particular problems are discussed.

Evaluation of a satellite constellation for active debris removal

This paper analyzes an example of a three-dimensional constellation of debris removal satellites and proposes an effective constellation using a delta-V analysis that discusses the advisability of rendezvousing satellites with space debris. Lambert׳s Equation was used to establish a means of analysis to construct a constellation of debris removal satellites, which has a limit of delta-V injection by evaluating the amount of space debris that can be rendezvoused by a certain number of removal satellite. Consequently, we determine a constellation of up to 38 removal satellites for debris removal, where the number of space debris rendezvoused by a single removal satellite is not more than 25, removing up to 584 pieces of debris total. Even if we prepare 38 removal satellites in their respective orbits, it is impossible to remove all of the space debris. Although many removal satellites, over 100 for example, can remove most of the space debris, this method is economically disproportionate. However, we can also see the removal satellites are distributed nearly evenly. Accordingly, we propose a practical two-stage strategy. The first stage is to implement emergent debris removal with the 38 removal satellites. When we find a very high probability of collision between a working satellite and space debris, one of the removal satellites in the constellation previously constructed in orbit initiates a maneuver of emergent debris removal. The second stage is a long-term space debris removal strategy to suppress the increase of space debris derived from collisions among the pieces of space debris. The constellation analyzed in this paper, which consists of the first 38 removal satellites, can remove half of the over 1000 dangerous space debris among others, and then the constellation increases the number of the following removal satellites in steps. At any rate, an adequate orbital configuration and constellation form is very important for both space debris removal and economic efficiency. Though the size of constellation of debris removal satellites would be small originally, such a constellation of satellites should be one of the initial constellations of removal satellites to ensure the safety of the future orbital environment.