Dangerous Phenomena Research Articles

PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS PARTICIPANTS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The article emphasizes that russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine has significantly affected the security situation and the deterioration of the psychological state of the educational process participants, which is a dangerous phenomenon in the context of ensuring the quality of education. The necessity of creating a safe educational environment to reduce the impact of risk factors on the mental health of students, their parents and educators is put stress on. The challenges faced by the psychological service in the education system during the war are identified, in particular the growing number of people who are in need of psychological help and support, an insufficient number of trained practical psychologists and educators for providing psychological support and first psychological aid to the educational process participants, an imperfect system of support for educators and practical psychologists while working in stressful conditions, parents’ lack of awareness of mental health issues and mechanisms for providing psychological support to their children. The article highlights the peculiarities of providing psychosocial support to children and adults affected by the war in crisis situations as well as the mechanisms of psychological self-help as a factor of stress resistance and internal potential to withstand psychological trauma during the war. The ways of implementing the educational policy to ensure constant supervision and timely provision of psychosocial support for the educational process participants under martial law are revealed, which is a guarantee and a necessary prerequisite of quality education in accordance with the goals and objectives of the education system. The results of an empirical study into the war’s impact on the life of students and their mental health have shown that their psychological state underwent significant changes during martial law, which led to the weakening of academic motivation and a deterioration in learning outcomes. It is concluded that psychosocial support for the educational process participants is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of education in the conditions of war and in the post-war period.

Національне законодавство та міжнародні зобов’язання у сфері запобігання та протидії домашньому насильству

The article analyzes national legislation in the field of prevention and countermeasures against domestic violence and gender-based violence. The recognition of the concept of "Child witness" at the legislative level has been updated, and the problems of law enforcement practice, when the court cannot, taking into account the circumstances of the case, assess the child specifically as a victim in situations where she only witnessed domestic violence. It was noted that the requirement of the Istanbul Convention to establish one or more official bodies responsible for the coordination, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies and measures to prevent all forms of violence and to combat all forms of violence that fall under the scope of this Convention was embodied by placing to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of prevention and countermeasures against domestic violence, coordination of the interaction of subjects involved in measures to eradicate the specified socially dangerous phenomenon. An analysis of the State Social Program for the Prevention and Counteraction of Domestic Violence and gender-based violence for the period until 2025 was carried out, and the main tasks and measures for the implementation of the specified Program were identified. It was concluded that the process of improving national legislation needs to be improved taking into account both national characteristics and international principles.

Change in strength parameters of dusty-clayey soils depending on the time of dynamic load impact and soil type

The method of high frequency vibratory driving and extraction of sheet piles is frequently utilized in the conditions of structurally unstable soils in St. Petersburg. However, with this method of installation (extraction) of sheet piles in the surrounding soil mass it arises oscillations that are transmitted to nearby buildings and housing, capable of causing dangerous phenomena in their undergroud and aboveground structures, mainly related to differential settlement of foundations. The prediction of additional settlement of buidings in the surrounding area from vibro-driving/extraction of sheet piles is a complex, multi-factor task, and the level of the structural displacement of building, which is the main controlled parameter for the influence of dynamic loading on the foundation soil, according to the current regulatory documents Territorial Building Codes50-302-2004, Departmental Building Codes490-87, Russian State Standard 52892-2007 is merely an indirect criterion for assessment. To obtain a more accurate assessment of the development of additional settlements in buildings during high-frequency vibratory pile driving and sheet pile extraction, it is necessary to take into account not only the duration and frequency of the impact, but also the properties and type of soil itself. The purpose of this reseach was to study changes in the strength parameters of silty-clay soils depending on the time of dynamic loads impact, the type and consistency of the soil itself, as well as changes in parameters depending on the “rest” time of the soil base after exposure to vibration. The article presents the results and shows the tendency to reduce the parameters of soil strength after the application of dynamic load and the dependence of their change on the time of impact, on the type and consistency of the soil. It has been determined the dependence of changes in the strength parameters of the soil conditionally upon the "rest" time of the soil mass as a result of thixotropic re-storation, which will determine the economic attractiveness for the accident-free technology of this method.

Addressing Indonesian Child Marriage: Comparative Study of Global Standards and Best Practices

Child marriage is a significant human rights issue as it deprives children around the world of their childhood, education, and safety. Its unfortunately a practice that still has prevalence in Indonesian society. This research is done for the purpose of analyzing the threat of child marriage and the urgency for a dedicated effort to tackle this issue normatively. Through the normative legal research method and supported by comparative analysis, this research analyzes how the Indonesian legal framework fare up to international human rights standards and best practices around the world, in tackling the practice of child marriage. Findings of this research suggest that child marriage can still be considered a neglected human rights abuse, due the minimum number of legal developments throughout the years. The findings expose the legal loophole and the lack of criminalization which can contribute to the prevalence of this dangerous phenomenon. This research serves the purpose of the betterment of human rights protection in Indonesia, specifically on vulnerable underage girls, by providing insights and recommendations that the government may consider for future legal development.

Bullying Prevention Assistance For Elementary School Students In Simogirang Village Sidoarjo Regency

Education in Indonesia focuses on making students into human beings who are noble, knowledgeable, creative, independent, and become responsible citizens for their behavior. But even though education or school has good goals, it cannot be denied that the phenomenon of bullying is still rampant among Indonesian students. This service activity was carried out at SDN Simogirang 1 and 2 using the Participation Action Research method. Researchers use a phenomenological design to reveal the facts behind the phenomenon of bullying that occurs in elementary school children. It is important to educate elementary school students about bullying, because this is an effective first step in preventing bullying. In an effort to prevent the dangerous phenomenon of bullying, socialization in elementary schools has proven to be an effective and important approach

GIS-based landslide and rockfall susceptibility zoning in Chepelarska River Basin (Western Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria)

Landslides and rockfalls are one of the most widespread hazardous phenomena in the Western Rhodopes, Bulgaria. These mass-wasting types occur together with other dangerous phenomena such as river bank erosion and soil degradation, and can cause a lot of infrastructural damage. The main purpose of this paper is to perform GIS-based landslide and rockfall susceptibility zoning and to elaborate susceptibility maps at a scale of а river basin on the example of the Chepelarska River Basin (RB). In order to achieve this goal, nine causal factors have been selected, and map of landslides and field study have been used. These factors were reclassified using histograms and the natural breaks method. In addition, the frequency ratio values of each class have been calculated. To obtain the causal factors impact on sliding and rockfalls, the weights and weighted averages sum of their classes were calculated and analysed. For the complex analysis and elaboration of mass-wasting susceptibility maps, weighted overlay and weighted sum methods have been applied. The obtained results show that from the total 38 landslides and rockfalls in the study area, 26 of them fall into the very high susceptibility zone applying a weighted overlay, and 25 of them fall into the same zone using the weighted sum method. These results and the used methods could be used for other small and medium-sized river basins.

A surrogate deterioration model of debris retention systems towards cost-effective maintenance strategies and increased protection efficacy

Protection systems are usually implemented in mountains aiming to resist natural dangerous phenomena. As any other critical infrastructure, protection systems should always withstand and operate efficiently as they guarantee the safety of people and protect socio-economic assets. However, the efficacy of these systems decreases with the increase of the deterioration level of the interdependent components, which constitute them. To provide desirable operation over their lifetime, the management of protection systems is of paramount importance. A major key issue in such critical infrastructure management is to optimize the cost effectiveness of maintenance actions while maintaining a sufficient protection efficacy. This study proposes a decision-aiding model to assess different maintenance strategies applied to a protection system against debris flows. The model is constructed using physics-based stochastic Petri nets. It incorporates (1) a stochastic deterioration model, which is a surrogate model of a physics-based model developed for building deterioration trajectories of the system and (2) maintenance model that permits assessing the cost and efficiency of maintenance strategies. This study addresses the case of a debris retention system, in which the progressive filling of its basin by debris materials is modeled. This is followed by assessing several maintenance strategies concerning the cleaning of the basin. A simple sensitivity analysis is also carried out in order to check the effect of the uncertainty that invades the model’s inputs on maintenance decisions. A numerical analysis is performed using real data of the retention system located in the Claret torrent in France and subjected to debris flows over a period of 50 years.

The Role of Accounting Control In Reducing Financial and Administrative Corruption In Cooperation Between The External Auditor and The Internal Auditor.

Accounting control system represent an important means to reduce of financial and administrative corruption and that these systems. This research highlights the dangerous phenomenon namely financial and administrative corruption, and it is also considered one of the diseases that threaten the entity of economic units that seeks to serve the community, and cannot be eliminated through the development of audit procedures by the internal and external auditor to reduce it. The research concluded that there are weak preventive measures against corruption in the units subject to control and auditing, as well as the lack of audit evidence to address cases of financial and administrative corruption. that prevent cases of corruption in all its forms and types).

Studying Conditions of Intense Harmful Algal Blooms Based on Long-Term Satellite Data

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) adversely impact aquatic organisms, human health, and the marine economy. The need to understand the origins and mechanisms of HAB occurrence and development determines the relevance of the study of these phenomena, including using remote sensing methods and assets. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study of conditions and precursors of some intense HABs detected in the water areas near the island of Chiloe (Chile, 2016), near the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia, 2020), near the island of Hokkaido (Japan, 2021), among others. The study involves statistical analysis of long-term satellite and model data arrays on significant parameters of the marine environment and near-surface atmosphere, as well as empirical modeling of HAB risks. Information products on the following environmental parameters were used: sea surface temperature (SST, NOAA OISST, since 1981), the level of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and chlorophyll-a concentration (MODIS Ocean Color SMI, since 2000), sea surface salinity and height (HYCOM, since 1993), and near-surface wind speed and direction (NCEP CFSv2, since 1979). Quantitative assessments of the dynamics of informative criteria were applied. The key criterion is the ratio (Δσ) of the absolute deviation of the studied parameter from the expected norm to the RMS deviation of its values. Intense HABs were often preceded by excessive SST (up to Δσ ~1.99) and PAR (up to Δσ ~2.25) values, as well as low near-surface wind speed (up to Δσ ~−1.83). These environmental parameters considerably contribute to HAB generation and intensification. An approach and empirical function were proposed that allow us to assess the risk of HAB phenomena and reveal their precursors. Using the proposed approach and empirical function, the precursors of ten HABs were identified, nine of which were confirmed by in situ data. The results can be used as a tool for forecasting and studying the conditions for the occurrence of HABs, representing one of the promising directions for monitoring these dangerous phenomena.

An Analysis of the Impact of Social Media and Search Engines on Decision-Making

With the constant advancement of technology and the advent of a global pandemic, as of 2023 it is safe to say our lives are as affected by our physical surroundings as they are by the virtual spaces we inhabit.
 Social media and search engines constitute a big part of how people use technology to aid in their decision-making processes. The current state of social media and search engines regulation in the United States is one of stall: while public discourse continues and concerns among experts keep raising at each iteration of existing platforms or introduction of new tools, policymakers have not made as much progress in regulating the actions of the companies owning these platforms, in spite of their awareness of the impact these tools have on the public’s decision-making abilities. In this context, the spread of dis- and mis- information is a particularly dangerous phenomenon that can only be tackled with a radical change in the way platform owners are held accountable for the content they allow the circulation of.
 This study aims to serve as a much needed reminder of the effects of social media and search engines usage on the public’s agency, decision-making processes, and ultimately the real-life consequences of the exposure to and interaction with online misinformation and disinformation.
 A specific focus on how Covid-19 disinformation (false information which is deliberately intended to mislead) and misinformation (false or inaccurate information) spreading on two specific platforms (Reddit, and Google) was handled by said platforms will serve as a magnifying glass on the aforementioned issues. Analyzing the prominent design and ethics concerns in this landscape, I intend to propose heuristics to inform policy-oriented solutions to a set of issues that has been largely misunderstood and underestimated at the policy level in the United States. I argue that these concerns will only increase in complexity if left untackled, and the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to the public might have already exponentially complicated the position of the United States’ governmental entities; while explicitly clarifying their intention to insure people’s well-being, governmental bodies are struggling with either understanding the policy/regulatory options available to them or getting them passed. The influence of the lobbying power of tech companies and governments' conflicts of interests in the matter will be discussed.

Dennation of the Strasbourg Criminal Convention for Corruption: change in Russian anti-corruption policy or forced protection of national interests?

Purpose of research: to identify or eliminate the risks of a decrease in the effectiveness of anti-corruption activities after Russias denunciation of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (Strasbourg, 1999).
 Methods and objects of research: In the process of conducting the research, general scientific methods of cognition, which are used in legal sciences, were used. The dialectical method was used in a general assessment of the risks of refusing international cooperation in the fight against corruption, the logical method, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used in the study of regulations of modern Russian anti-corruption legislation and relevant sources of international law. Additionally, other private scientific research methods were also used.
 Main results of research: the Russian Federation, having denounced the 1999 Strasbourg Convention on Criminal Liability for Corruption, did not revise the strategic goals and objectives of anti-corruption activities. Corruption is still considered a threat to national security, and the fight against this socially dangerous phenomenon is a priority of government policy. The denunciation of this Convention and Russia's withdrawal from the specialized international organization the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) is due to the need to protect national interests and maintain the status of a full participant in international relations.

PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE SIGNS OF EXTREMIST CRIMES AND CRIMES WITH SIGNS OF EXTREMIST ACTIVITY

The purpose of the study is to update the problem of the participation of mercenaries in extremist activities, the main importance in the resolution of which is given to criminal law counteraction. The theoretical significance of the study of this topic is determined by the ability to develop scientific concepts, approaches and methodologies for analyzing and combating the consolidation of the presented socially dangerous phenomena, which also contributes to deepening knowledge about the mechanisms of their functioning. The conclusions and recommendations obtained as a result of the study will form the conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of countering extremism and terrorism, while taking into account the specifics of the use of “illegal recruitment” in the specified criminal activity. Among other things, factors have been identified that can become prerequisites for improving countering mercenarism, modernizing the prevention of such phenomena, as well as promoting intercultural dialogue and tolerance in society.

Self-Excited Thermoacoustic Instability Behavior of a Hedge Premixed Combustion System with an Asymmetric Air/Fuel Supply or Combustion Condition

Self-excited thermoacoustic instability (SETAI) is an undesirable and dangerous phenomenon in combustion systems. However, its control is difficult, thus greatly limiting the development of combustion technology. Our previous works clarified how the premixed chamber length (LP) and equivalence ratio (φ) influence SETAI behavior in a symmetrical hedge premixed combustion system. On real-world sites, however, the supply structure or combustion condition in a multi-flame system could be asymmetric due to space limitations or combustion adjustment needs. This paper aims to clarify the SETAI behavior of a combustion system with an asymmetric supply structure or an asymmetric combustion condition. The results indicate that the sound pressure amplitude under strong oscillation can reach 160 dB, which is about 5% of the total pressure. The SETAI state under the asymmetric condition is determined by the coupling between the heat release oscillation and sound pressure oscillation on each side and their cooperation. The asymmetric supply structure leads to asynchronous heat release oscillations between the two sides; it may be that one promotes oscillation and that the other suppresses it, or that both have a promotion effect but with asynchronous action, thus partly canceling each other out to lower the system’s oscillation intensity. This brings an advantage for controlling SETAI, which can be achieved by only changing one side of the structure. The oscillation amplitude can be reduced by 80–90% by appropriately changing one LP only by ~20%. Under an asymmetric combustion condition with φ differing between the two sides, the heat release oscillation on each side is dependent on the local φ but not the global φ. Consequently, SETAI can also be controlled by changing the distribution but maintaining a constant fuel feeding rate and φ. The concepts identified in this paper demonstrate that SETAI can be effectively controlled by adopting an asymmetric φ distribution or an asymmetric structure of the supply system. This provides a convenient SETAI control approach without affecting the equipment’s thermal performance.

The choice of pseudoscientific therapies as an alternative to scientific medicine

Abstract During the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in the analysis of a potentially dangerous phenomenon for the public health: pseudoscience. It can be defined as the set of false knowledge that attempts to resemble science even though it is not. Nowadays there are many who opt for these therapies not scientifically endorsed to solve their health problems. This situation is increased for risk patients or chronic diseases, who come to this type of therapies as a last resort. In these cases, the choice between science and pseudoscience can become a matter of life or death. Through qualitative and quantitative research techniques, we analyze the reasons why patients choose pseudoscience instead of conventional and scientific medicine. The data obtained from this research reveal that in extreme situations patients value most the human contact with the therapist that the validity of the therapy itself. This factor, coupled with the precariousness of the health system, generates a dynamic in which pseudosciences gain ground over scientific medicine. According to the experts interviewed, this phenomenon is increasing and may represent a danger to public health. This research reveals the possible causes and consequences of this phenomenon from the point of view of more than 60 professionals of the Spanish scientific community and 30 patients who have used both disciplines. The results obtained indicate that this situation is intensified due to the inaction of the competent institutions and the lack of regulation.

Strategy for confronting intellectual challenges from an Islamic perspective

"Society today faces great challenges and dangerous phenomena that have often led to the loss of its cohesion and the dispersion and loss of its children on several levels, including the faith, psychological, intellectual and scientific levels, including those related to values and morals..., especially as the world is witnessing successive changes, carrying multi-directional ideas. Its owners are willing to publish it in light of the digital transformation that depends on advanced media such as the Internet and satellite channels, especially since the Islamic community is at the forefront of those targeted.

THE SPECIFICS OF THE SOCIAL DANGER OF THE INTERACTION OF THE PHENOMENA OF “EXTREMISM” AND “MERCENARY ACTIVITY” IN MODERN REALITIES

The purpose of the study is to actualize the problem of the participation of mercenaries in extremist activities, the main importance in the framework of the resolution of which is given to criminal legal counteraction. The theoretical significance of the study of this topic is determined by the possibility to develop scientific concepts, approaches and methodologies for analyzing and combating the consolidation of the presented socially dangerous phenomena, which also contributes to the deepening of knowledge about the mechanisms of their functioning. The conclusions and recommendations obtained as a result of the study will allow us to form the conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of countering extremism and terrorism, while taking into account the specifics of the use of “illegal hiring” in this criminal activity. In particular, the factors that can become prerequisites for improving the fight against mercenary activities, modernizing the prevention of such phenomena, as well as promoting intercultural dialogue and tolerance in society are identified.

Fall Detection Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network

With the improvement of people's living standards and social medical conditions, the average life expectancy is gradually lengthening, and the proportion of the elderly in the global population is also growing. China is a big country with a large population, and the problem of population aging is becoming increasingly prominent and severe. When elderly people live alone at home without others to care for them, falls become the most common and dangerous phenomenon due to the decline of physical function and the influence of certain diseases. Therefore, rapid, efficient and accurate identification and judgment of human falls are of great significance, which can effectively alleviate the threat to the life and health of the elderly and the social medical burden of falls. This paper mainly carried out a fall detection method based on convolutional neural networks, aiming to improve the accuracy of human fall detection through the natural advantages of convolutional neural networks in image recognition, and provide better solutions for medical monitoring and elderly care.

The Main Directions of Improving the Effectiveness of the Fight Against Corruption in Russian State Authorities

The topic of fighting against corruption is relevant, because corruption is an extremely dangerous phenomenon for society. The Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation consistently proves that corruption is one of the threats to the state, since it is inextricably linked with such threats as an increase in the share of the shadow economy, increased differentiation of the population by income level, insufficient investment, low economic growth, inefficient public administration and a decrease in the quality of education and medicine. The issue of corruption in public administration was particularly acute, since corrupt affects power structures and it inevitably leads to the destabilization of the entire State system. The analysis of the level of corruption in the Russian Federation carried out in this article led to the conclusion that existing anti-corruption law enforcement practices are ineffective in our country, and the corruption of State authorities is particularly dangerous. The purpose of the research is to develop measures for anti-corruption activities in Russian state institutions based on an assessment of the level of corruption in state authorities and management. The practical significance lies in the formulation of a number of recommendations for improving anti-corruption measures implemented in the Russian Federation.

Forms of domestic violence, mechanisms of protection and legal regulation of its manifestations

The article examines the forms and types of occurrence of domestic violence in Ukraine. As well as legal regulation of manifestations of domestic violence.
 Violence is a consequence of inequality between women and men in society. This is supported by a culture of intolerance and denial. Unequal power relations between the sexes make it difficult for women to avoid violence. Discrimination and attitudes towards women make it difficult for them to avoid violent situations. Experienced violence is not always taken seriously by the community and authorities, which increases women's vulnerability to further violence and even murder.
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than one third of women in the world have experienced physical or sexual violence, which was carried out by a partner or a stranger. In many countries, the lack of effective measures to prevent and respond to domestic violence, as well as insufficient attention to this problem in society, lead to the fact that many people are left without help and support.
 Therefore, the study of the problem of protection against domestic violence is important and will help to understand the mechanisms of this problem, ways to prevent it and fight against it. In addition, the development of effective strategies to protect against domestic violence can ensure the safety and well-being of people affected by this problem. Therefore, it can be argued that the topic "protection from domestic violence" is very relevant and needs further research. The problem of domestic violence is intensifying in connection with the recent events that Ukraine is experiencing. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has worried the state and its population in recent years. Due to the strict quarantine and remote work at home, the home has become the most dangerous place for many women. Many women were forced to spend more time with their abusers. This put women's lives and safety at risk.
 Currently, in wartime conditions, domestic violence has not receded. At the beginning of a new period in the history of our country, many people lost their jobs, even working at home became impossible. If during the quarantine, you people were somehow distracted, then in the conditions of war you are left alone with your family. Due to constant stress, many people literally lost their minds and began to behave very badly. It is because of this that domestic violence takes place.
 The problem of domestic violence is relevant all over the world. Domestic violence is a gross violation of human rights. Every day it encroaches on the most valuable goods of a person - life and health, honor and dignity. Such a dangerous phenomenon is also known to modern Ukrainian society, which is confirmed by the data of sociological surveys of the population of Ukraine, according to which almost half of the population has experienced its various forms.

Seepage Quantity Analysis Beneath Concrete Dams with Various Sheet Piles using Different Numerical Models

Seepage is a dangerous phenomenon under hydraulic structures and the main cause of failure and damage to dams when neglected and not processed. This study evaluates the numerical effects of the sheet piles' quantity, depth, and spacing beneath a concrete dam with isotropic and homogenous foundations on the seepage rate, pressure head, and exit gradient. The solutions were obtained using SEEP/W code in GeoStudio software 2018 for three configurations using single, double, and triple sheet piles. In addition, SLIDE software 6.02 was examined using single and double sheet piles. Dimensional analysis was applied to draw the dimensionless variables that affect the seepage rate and exit gradient, and all tests were repeated for three different sheet pile depths and distances from the heel of the dam. The findings showed that the seepage rate in all studied configurations reduced when sheet pile depth increased. The position of the sheet pile from the dam's toe significantly decreased the seepage rate in cases using single and double sheet piles, while in cases using three-sheet piles, the position of the middle sheet pile insignificant decreased seepage. It was recognized that when using a single sheet pile, the drop in pressure head increased with depths when the sheet pile was located at the heel and middle of the dam. In addition, in the case of a single sheet pile at the toe or using two and three-sheet piles, the pressure drop decreased as the depths increased. Also, the results showed that the middle sheet pile location in the case of three sheet piles slightly affected pressure reduction. Furthermore, the results showed that using two and three-sheet piles was more effective than using a single one in reducing the exit gradient, while the position of the middle one in the case of using three-sheet piles was insignificant. A nonlinear empirical equation was developed using SPSS 22 program, and the comparison of the seepage rate measured by SEEP/W and SLIDE software versus its quantity calculated from empirical equations showed a good agreement as the determinations (R2) coefficients were equal to 0.9779 and 0.9928, respectively.