Dangerous Personality Research Articles

Attitudes and decision-making in the child protection system

In the contexts of family neglect or maltreatment, the State intervenes by safeguarding the development and well-being of the child or young person in danger. In more severe situations, the intervention may lead to the child’s removal from the family. The Portuguese Law on the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger (Law 142/2015 of September 8th) favours the placement of the child in a family environment, especially for children up to the age of six. Despite this, in Portugal, in 2015, 8 600 children were in out-of-home care, only 3.5% of which were placed in foster care, while the remaining children were in residential care. Therefore, one of the fundamental rights of the child – living in a family environment – is compromised in practice. This study aims to understand the decision-making process of 200 higher education students in domains related to child protection, and those of 200 professionals who are responsible for providing case assessments and recommendations for intervention in the Portuguese child protection system. Using the Child Welfare Attitudes Questionnaire (Davidson-Arad & Benbenishty, 2008, 2010), the study aimed to identify the participants’ attitudes regarding removal of at-risk children from home, reunification and optimal duration of alternative care, children’s and parents’ participation in the decision-making process, and assessment of foster care and residential care, with the purpose of promoting children’s development and well-being. We concluded that both sets of participants (professionals and students) can be divided in two groups, one which is pro-removal and the other, which is less so. In comparison with students, professionals less often favour the removal of the child and more often defend reunification. There are no significant differences among participants regarding their opinion about the role of foster and residential care, and the participation of the child in the decision-making process. However, professionals tend to support parents’ participation in the decision-making process more than students do. Finally, we present some implications of our findings for the practice of child protection.

Immunohistochemical analysis for the evaluation of agonal time in a clandestine migrant's death and forensic implications

We report a case of an adult migrant without identification who, during an illegal travel with other 16 clandestine compatriots in a bus inside a ship landed from the port of Igoumenitsa and directed to Ancona, dead of a heat stroke. Before arrival of the ship in the port, all clandestine migrants were found in precarious health conditions by a crew member of the shipping company inside the bus; one man was found in a dying state outside the bus, on the floor of the nursing anteroom of the ship ( Fig. 1 ). Circumstantial data revealed that one of them, the organizer of the illegal trip, impeded the escape of all the others migrants from the bus although the lack of oxygen. For judicial purposes and to demonstrate the crime of failure to assist a person in danger, it was useful to prove if the death of the man was preceded by a long agonal time (T). Specific analysis of immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells in a section of right renal artery ( Fig. 2 ) testified a protracted T, in accordance with necroscopic findings and testimonial evidence. A quantitative analysis to measure the signal intensity (SI) from cytoplasm was performed using a computer-aided drawing program, ImageJ software. Finally, for the estimation of agonal time (T), the following statistical formula was applied: T = {exp [−0.05 × SI + 10.149] [1] . T corresponded to 269 minutes, with a standard deviation of ± 14 minutes. All these elements were crucial to define the role of the migrant who arranged the crossing. The model of iNOS expression for estimation of T is useful in the field of clandestine migrant's deaths.

MADAME SATÃ AND THE JAILS OF ILHA GRANDE: AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER CONSTRUCTS AND SEXUALITY IN THE PRISON SYSTEM

Abstract The lawsuits described João Francisco dos Santos, or “Madame Satã”, as sexual pervert and a very dangerous person. The objective of this paper is to analyze Satã’s behavior in prison, where the treatment with prisoners was very violent, and, in Vila do Abraão, where he lived after being released. The research is based on testimonies left by him, documents, newspapers and interviews with guards and residents of Ilha Grande. Unlike his attitude in Lapa, his behavior in prisons and in Ilha Grande was completely different: his fame of brave scoundrel brought him respect and his homosexuality was well accepted. The identity shifts made by him challenged not only fixed constructions of gender and sexuality, but also those of justice and power.

An Extensive Study on Data Anonymization Algorithms Based on K-Anonymity

For business and research oriented works engaging Data Analysis and Cloud services needing qualitative data, many organizations release huge microdata. It excludes an individual’s explicit identity marks like name, address and comprises of specific information like DOB, Pin-code, sex, marital status, which can be combined with other public data to recognize a person. This implication attack can be manipulated to acquire any sensitive information from social network platform, thereby putting the privacy of a person in grave danger. To prevent such attacks by modifying microdata, K-anonymization is used. With potentially increasing data, the effective method to anonymize it stands challenging. After series of trails and systematic comparison, in this paper, we propose three best algorithms along with its efficiency and effectiveness. Studies help researchers to identify the relationship between the values of k, degree of anonymization, choosing a quasi-identifier and focus on execution time.

Gun Violence Following Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment: Offense Characteristics, Sources of Guns, and Number of Victims.

This study presents data on the relative contribution to gun violence by people with a history of inpatient psychiatric treatment and on federal efforts to deter presumptively dangerous persons from obtaining firearms, information useful for analyzing the potential public health benefits of gun policies targeting people with serious mental illness. The study also estimates the reduction in gun violence victims that would be expected if individuals with a previous psychiatric hospitalization were prohibited from purchasing firearms. Data from 838 violent gun offenders from a nationally representative sample of state prison inmates were analyzed. Those with and without a history of psychiatric hospitalization were compared on a range of offense characteristics, including relationship to the victim, number of victims, location of the offense, and source of firearms. Inmates with a history of hospitalization constituted 12% of all violent gun offenders and accounted for 13% of the sample's victims. They were less likely than those without a previous hospitalization to victimize strangers (odds ratio=.52) and were no more likely to commit gun violence in public or to have multiple victims. Among those with previous hospitalizations, 78% obtained guns from sources not subject to federal background checks. Of the total 1,041 victims of gun violence, only 3% were victimized by participants with a history of hospitalization who obtained guns from currently regulated sources. Prohibiting all individuals with a history of psychiatric hospitalization from purchasing firearms, absent expanded background checks, was estimated to reduce the number of gun violence victims by only 3%.

War of Two: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Duel That Stunned the Nation by John Sedgwick and: Aaron Burr in Exile: A Pariah in Paris, 1810–1811 by Jane Merrill, John Endecott

Reviewed by: War of Two: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Duel That Stunned the Nation by John Sedgwick and: Aaron Burr in Exile: A Pariah in Paris, 1810–1811 by Jane Merrill, John Endecott Suzanne Geissler (bio) War of Two: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Duel That Stunned the Nation. By John Sedgwick. ( New York: Berkley Books, 2015. Pp. 455. Cloth, $27.95.) Aaron Burr in Exile: A Pariah in Paris, 1810–1811. By Jane Merrill and John Endecott. ( Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2016. Pp. John Sedgwick is a journalist and a descendant of Theodore Sedgwick, an early national politician who was friend to both Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. It was while going through his ancestor's papers that Sedgwick's interest in their duel was sparked, but alas, Sedgwick is out of his depth in attempting to explain what is not only the most famous duel in American history but also the most puzzling. One of the main problems with the book is the number of factual errors. Any one of these taken by itself might be seen as trivial, but the accumulation of such errors indicates careless research and detracts from the author's credibility. Two examples will suffice. Sedgwick states that Burr's wife Theodosia Bartow Prevost was born in Europe. Not true; she was born in New Jersey. He also claims that Burr was buried in an unmarked grave. Not true; Burr's tombstone was supplied by a cousin and is still there for all to see. Another category of error is Sedgwick's methodology, particularly a lack of footnotes. Instead Sedgwick offers a mini-bibliography for each chapter, which does not suffice for a topic that is so contentious and has such a varied historiography, even for a work of popular history aimed primarily at a non-academic audience. [End Page 558] Sedgwick continually makes assertions for which he supplies no evidence. The curious reader, trying to track down a source, will be left at a loss. A related flaw is Sedgwick's almost complete reliance on secondary sources (except for Hamilton's published papers). He openly admits that he has done very little actual research and has relied extensively on a few secondary sources. While there are some excellent works in his bibliography such as Nancy Isenberg's Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr (New York, 2007), he also cites as equally authoritative such poorly researched works as Richard Coté's Theodosia Burr Alston: Portrait of a Prodigy (Mount Pleasant, SC, 2003) and David O. Stewart's American Emperor: Aaron Burr's Challenge to Jefferson's America (New York, 2011). The book's thesis is that Burr deliberately killed Hamilton in the duel. Sedgwick even uses the word "murderer" (343). This is asserted as undisputed fact, based on no evidence other than Sedgwick's setting up of the straw man Burr as a villain practically from birth. While Hamilton's character flaws are not overlooked, Sedgwick accepts at face value Hamilton's contention that Burr was a dangerous person and a threat to the nation, thus justifying Hamilton's many attempts to derail Burr's political career. One need not defend Burr or vilify Hamilton to see that this book makes no pretension to fairness or objectivity—or even accuracy. It is a clumsy attempt to make Hamilton a martyr and Burr a murderer (and in the later chapters, a traitor). Even the discussion of the duel itself has many inaccuracies. Sedgwick makes no mention of the pistols (supplied by Hamilton) having secret hair triggers. While the significance of the hair triggers, and whether they were set or not, is a matter of contention among historians, to not mention it at all is a grievous omission. At the very least it showed that Hamilton cheated at an activity that, while illegal, nonetheless followed a strict etiquette. Indeed, Sedgwick shows very little understanding of dueling and the rules governing it. He maintains that Hamilton, as the recipient of the challenge, was obliged to accept, but this was not true. Duels could often be prevented, even at the last minute, by an apology. The Burr–Hamilton duel has always fascinated and there...

Improved immune computation for high-precision face recognition

Dangerous persons can be monitored accurately and quickly using the high-precision recognition of the relative facial images via the image sensors. To increase the recognition rate of face recognition by improving the immune algorithm, the immune computation was redesigned for better face recognition to decrease the facial disturbances of the pose, illumination and expression (PIE), in this paper. The clonal selection algorithm was improved with the modification of the affinity and the algorithm workflow. The improved clonal selection algorithm searches the most similar antibody sample against the antigen of an unknown facial image, according to the affinity between the antigen and the antibody. The unknown facial images were recognized with this improved affinity and the uncertainty-based reasoning, so the affinity matching of the antibody with the unknown antigen was also improved. Experimental results show that this immune algorithm outperforms some state-of-the-art algorithms in the face recognition accuracy tests with such facial image databases as AR, Yale and CMU-PIE. So the proposed immune algorithm is useful and effective to improve the performance of face recognition in the image sensor network.

OBOWIĄZEK UDZIELENIA POMOCY W PRZYPADKU SPRZECIWU OSOBY ZAGROŻONEJ W ŚWIETLE ART. 162 KODEKSU KARNEGO

The Duty of Medical Personnel to Provide Medical Assistance to a Person In Grave Danger in the Event of His/Her Refusal to Accept Help, in the Light of Art. 162 of the Polish Criminal CodeSummaryThe subject of this article is the refusal to accept medical assistance by a person in a condition involving a threat to his/her life or a serious health risk, and the ensuing effect this may have on the potential criminal liability of the medical and/or rescue personnel in the event of theirwithdrawal of assistance. The main problem is whether on the groundsof Art. 162 of the Polish Criminal Code (kodeks karny, k.k.) a patient’srefusal to accept medical assistance is relevant in criminal law, and ifso, what criteria have to be met for its admission.Art. 162 of the Polish Criminal Code does not specify a general requirement of the endangered person’s consent to the administrationof medical rescue services. The exceptions are those medical services for which separate provisions have been laid down requiring the patient’s consent. In the remaining scope the duty of medical and/or rescue staff to administer the assistance defined in Art. 162 § 1 is not subject to the consent of the person whose legal interest is being secured. However, this general observation does not rule out the relevance of the endangered person’s refusal to accept medical assistance and/or rescue. In particular, difficulties may arise in the assessment in the light of criminal law of the withdrawal of assistance to a suicide who refuses to have rescue services administered, although the scope of the problem is certainly much wider.

Interventions for Serious Mental Disorders: Working With Individuals and Their Families

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewsFull AccessInterventions for Serious Mental Disorders: Working With Individuals and Their FamiliesHarriet P. Lefley, Ph.D.Harriet P. LefleySearch for more papers by this author, Ph.D.Published Online:1 Feb 2016https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.670207AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail by Christina E. Newhill; Boston, Pearson, 2015, 534 pagesSerious mental disorders typically require a multipronged treatment approach that is both pharmacological and psychosocial. This book is oriented toward social workers, who are frontline purveyors of the many psychosocial services needed by most individuals with a serious mental disorder. The book also demonstrates ways of working with patients’ families to provide support, ease caregiver burden, and help facilitate recovery. The author, Christina E. Newhill, Ph.D., has both academic and research credentials. She is a professor in the School of Social Work and professor in the Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University of Pittsburgh. Currently she is coinvestigator on a project on brain imaging, cognitive enhancement, and early schizophrenia funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.This is a huge book, a compendium of every conceivable issue related to treatment of serious mental disorders. At the societal level, the overview ranges from the historical background of how societies have conceptualized and cared for persons with serious mental disorders to contemporary educational and advocacy resources for families, such as those provided by the National Alliance on Mental Illness. At the treatment level, effective case management, treating clients from diverse cultural backgrounds as well as a range of age and gender groups, ways of engaging families, and working with involuntary clients are examples of relevant issues. The text discusses discrete approaches to treatment of schizophrenia, paranoid and major mood disorders, specific personality disorders, substance abuse, and other comorbid or co-occurring conditions. There are good discussions of research-based treatment or psychiatric rehabilitation models, such as cognitive remediation and social skills training. Engaging resistant clients, working in multidisciplinary teams, and facilitating rehospitalization when needed are other areas of interest. Important sections range from the current status of public mental health systems to relevant legal and ethical issues, especially with respect to civil commitment and the “dangerous person standard.”Case management, essential for this population, is discussed in considerable detail, from the basic elements of community support systems to finding permanent supportive housing. On the individual treatment level, guidelines for developing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance are later wonderfully enhanced by a research-triggered discussion of clinicians’ negative feelings and attitudes and other affective challenges to working effectively with persons with serious mental disorders.As part educational overview and part treatment manual, many sections of this book are enhanced by actual case histories and examples of effective interventions. In summary, although specifically aimed toward improving core competences of clinical social workers, this encyclopedic work would be a valuable resource for any mental health professional working with persons with serious mental disorders.Dr. Lefley is professor emerita for the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.The reviewer reports no financial relationships with commercial interests. FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 67Issue 2 February 01, 2016Pages e3-e3 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 February 2016 Published in print 1 February 2016

National Security Under Liberal Substantive Criminal Law When Do National Security Issues Become Criminal?

This is a common dilemma most Western democracies face in their legal fight against terrorism. On one hand, if the state does not exercise its police powers against a dangerous person waiting for an opportunity to execute his crimes, the public is in grave danger, and it is only a matter of time before the danger materializes into a terrorist attack. On the other hand, on what legal grounds could such a person be convicted? Punishing thoughts is a slippery slope that does not necessarily stop at terrorist attacks. The liberal concept of criminal law is opposed to prohibiting thoughts. Clearly, a proper balance is required. If the infrastructure of terrorism cannot be destroyed at its foundation, the danger is far greater than the danger of not preventing a single act of terrorism, because that infrastructure remains at large to plan many more attacks.The accumulated experience in this regard indicates that when the necessary conditions for executing a terrorist attack have been met, the attack occurs within a very short time. Waiting for these conditions to ripen before arresting the perpetrators places society in jeopardy. But arresting people merely because they have criminal thoughts is not less dangerous in social terms.The present article proposes that the proper solution lies in the redefinition of inchoate offenses, so that they become legally consistent with the values of the modern democratic society and are capable of meeting its needs. The solution is not necessarily exclusive to the legal fight against terrorism, because criminal law theory is applicable to all offenses, including terrorist attacks but not limited to them. As a result, a redefinition of inchoate offenses will affect all offenses. The article begins by discussing the existing legal means available for factual incapacitation of terrorism. On that foundation, it examines the role of inchoate offenses in criminal law in the context of counter-terrorism, and proposes a redefinition of inchoate offenses as they apply to terrorism. Finally, it addresses the effect of such redefinition on offenses other than terrorist attacks.

Association between peer victimization in adolescence and cannabis use: A systematic review

Cannabis use and bullying or other forms of adolescent peer aggression and victimization can cause severe consequences when they coexist in the same youth. Studies addressing both these conditions were reviewed. Fourteen databases were searched. Blind assessments of study eligibility and quality were conducted. Twenty-six studies including 1,181,684 participants and meeting minimum quality criteria that were enough to insure objectivity and to not invalidate results were analyzed. Across studies, there was conflicting evidence for a significant relationship between cannabis use and peer victimization in adolescence. Studies including larger samples and/or considering a broader definition of victim status were more likely to find a significant association. Evidence for mediating or moderating mechanisms was scant. Studies assessing the temporal ordering of the two events offered some evidence for bidirectional and causal paths suggesting the existence of an interactive process, in which prior victimization may predispose a youth to use marijuana as a coping strategy or self-medication mechanism; substance use, in turn, may place the youth at a greater likelihood of exposure to dangerous persons or situations. Both cannabis use and peer victimization need special attention because they are common in adolescent populations and can be related to each other through reciprocal influences. Language: en

The place of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the treatment of high-risk personality-disordered offenders

Based on learning from the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme, the UK government is developing new services for the assessment and treatment of individuals with severe personality disorder who have committed serious offences such as murder, arson and rape. These offenders will largely be managed within the criminal justice system, with overall responsibility being taken by probation officers. Psychodynamic approaches have not been incorporated into these developments, apart from some supervision and reflective practice being offered to staff. This paper describes how one of the original medium secure DSPD units, based in the NHS, has adapted the psychoanalytic approach within its therapy programme. These adaptations are illustrated through a consideration of several patients who have committed parricide – the killing of a parent.

The views of Bangladeshi immigrants on the police in New York City

Public perceptions of the police have important implications for both scholars and police administrators. While a growing body of research deals with perceptions of the police, including immigrants' perceptions, there is a need to explore the factors associated with different immigrant groups' perceptions of the police. One group that has not been previously studied is Bangladeshi immigrants, a relatively new but rapidly growing group in the USA. Relying on a purposive convenience sample of 202 Bangladeshi immigrants from six areas in the New York City, this study examined factors that affected Bangladeshi immigrants' positive view on the police. Bangladeshi women held greater positive views, as did participants who had a friend or family member who worked in law enforcement. Increases in educational level were associated with more positive views on the police, while recent contact with the police was linked with less favorable views. Finally, feeling that contact with the police would place a person in danger and that involvement with the police would lead to deportation were both associated with less positive perceptions of the police. Research and policy implications are discussed.

THE OFFENDER PERSONALITY DISORDER PATHWAY: RISKING REHABILITATION?

Following over a decade of treatment refusal by 'risky' offenders preventively detained in Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder hospital and prison units, the coalition government now aims to improve treatment engagement in high secure prisons by clarifying pathways out of detention. This article asks whether the reconfiguration will end reliance upon preventive detention for public protection. Drawing on original empirical data collected by the author, it is argued that the government is unaware that offenders with 'severe personality disorder' appear to engage with treatment only if it increases their chances of achieving expedited parole. Hitherto, this incentive was provided by the Indeterminate Sentence for Public Protection; its replacement with determinate sentences under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 will worsen treatment engagement, because they provide offenders with a prison release date. The troubling result may be increased reliance by the Secretary of State for Justice on his inherent jurisdiction under the Mental Health Act 1983 to transfer offenders due for prison release to secure psychiatric hospitals. To counter this limitation of risk-focused decision-making, it is proposed that judges be able to impose a new hybrid order combining a custodial term with a subsequent community mental health treatment requirement.

Using Force Against Terrorists ‘Outside Areas of Active Hostilities’—The Obama Approach and the Bin Laden Raid Revisited

More than 13 years after the launch of Operation Enduring Freedom, the focus of US counterterrorism operations has gradually shifted from Afghanistan and Pakistan to the Arabian Peninsula, Somalia and Northern Africa. The use of drones and Special Forces in these regions causes difficult problems under interna- tional law. In particular, it is often far from clear whether a specific attack or raid triggers application of the law of armed conflict. The White House, therefore, issued a policy guideline in 2013, which states that lethal force will be used 'outside areas of active hostilities' only against targets that pose a 'continuing, imminent threat' to US persons. This policy reflects a conception of the right to self-defence according to which a state may target particularly dangerous persons irrespective of their status under international humanitarian law or human rights law ('self-defence targeting'). It is a characteristic feature of the Obama administration's approach to pick and choose from the legal concepts of self-defence and armed conflict in order to design a flexible normative framework for its operations against Al Qaeda and other extremist groups abroad. The present article focuses on different facets of this approach and shows how both concepts are utilized to justify such operations. The killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011 was a particularly instruct- ive case since it raised a variety of issues under jus ad bellum and jus in bello.

3 Man unlock: out of sight, out of mind Art psychotherapy with a woman with severe and dangerous personality disorder in prison

‘3 Man Unlock’ refers to the status of prisoners who are considered so volatile that they cannot be let out from behind their doors without three officers present at all times. This paper uses clinical material to illustrate the use of art psychotherapy to contain the trauma and violent acting out of a woman in a prison setting, whose status was frequently ‘3 Man Unlock’. The powerful projections from behind this locked door pervaded the landing, and it began to resemble the woman's mind: fragmented, split and paranoid. Through the development of a relationship with the art psychotherapist and the making of images, these toxic projections became part of a narrative that enabled the woman to express her feelings and see them contained, perhaps allaying the fear that her anxiety would overwhelm those around her and instigate a further lock-up. This woman's work illustrates the fear and dangerousness prisoners may feel themselves, and the cycles such punitive environments may re-enact.

Decision Support System for a Real-Time Field Service Engineer Scheduling Problem with Emergencies and Collaborations

Repeated replanning with a heuristic for solving a type of vehicle routing problem was used in a dynamic routing and scheduling problem. This problem occurs when field service engineers are assigned a sequence of jobs to attend. The jobs are geographically distributed, and not all jobs to be undertaken are known in advance of planning. This dynamic occurrence of job requests is stochastic. Jobs are assigned an emergency level, which is highest for repair jobs involving a person in danger. In addition, some jobs require two engineers; such jobs are referred to as collaborative. The presented approach reschedules the pending jobs in an event-driven manner (i.e., every time a new repair job is required). The event-driven scheduling process ensures that jobs of high importance, with a high emergency level, are completed promptly. This approach to event-driven replanning will allow companies to plan for real-world scenarios with significantly fewer resources than are used in practice.

MARTYNAS JANKUS AND THE GERMAN REICH

Even today, the name of the Prussian-Lithuanian printer and publicist Martynas Jankus (1858–1946) remains prominent in Lithuanian literature, although the person and his historical role remain unknown to the German public. This article attempts to present aspects of the political situation in the German “Kaiserreich” after 1871 from the Lithuanian perspective. The political situation was influenced by the concept of the national state and the endeavour to establish it as an ethnically and vocally homogeneous German state. Legislation and cultural policy of the united German Reich had substantial effects on the ethnic minority of Prussians-Lithuanians in the then north-eastern East Prussia. The Lithuanian language was particularly affected during the displacement as the taught language from schools. Martynas Jankus, one of the most important voices of Lithuanian ethnic groups, came into conflict with the local authority in East Prussia in the 1880s through his political and publicist activities. What was considered by the Lithuanians as a substantial suppression of the identity and culture of the minority and as a rigid assimilation and Germanisation is partly put into perspective by the fact that a small ethnic group would rather stand on the edge of the attention from the former German minority’s political stance. Much more rigorous legislation and administration intruded into the rights of the much larger – and more politically active – Polish ethnic groups. The Prussians-Lithuanians remained opposed to the political language measures of the Reich until the 1930s, always contradictory and inconsistent. Jankus became associated mainly because of his actual and also alleged connections with the then Russian Lithuania and to activists of the Polish national movement under the scrutiny of the regional authorities. After 1918 he was more closely observed due to his separatist views and activities. In this article, informers’ reports to the German authorities are analysed to establish the importance of the role Jankus played in linking the Lithuanian speaking areas to the young Republic of Lithuania. It shows that he was not considered in any of the examined dossiers to be the most important and, for Germany, the most dangerous personality amongst the protagonists of the national Lithuanian movement.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ОСТАВЛЕНИЕ В ОПАСНОСТИ В УГОЛОВНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН

ОСОБЕННОСТИ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ОСТАВЛЕНИЕ В ОПАСНОСТИ В УГОЛОВНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEARCH & RESCUE OPERATIONS

SAR (Search and Rescue) operation is a complex process, often carried out in the absence of resources and time. Every single minute matters, as it puts the lost person in more danger. Therefore, it is really crucial to plan and coordinate SAR operation eectively. Because the search area is often very ex- tensive, any leads about where to look first are invaluable. This can be achieved by modelling lost person's behaviour based on the data from past operations. Generated results present probabilities of finding a subject in dierent segments of the search area, which might benefit the planning and the execution phases of the operation. The authors evaluate one of the commonly used modelling methods and propose several ways to improve it, together with some prelimi- nary evaluation results and an already implemented system, which incorporates the described methodology.