Dangerous Personality Research Articles

‘Social defence’ and the resilience of the domestic war on terror: A genealogy of social security, national security, and defence

Abstract Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has moved attention within International Security back to Great Power Politics and interstate war, and away from phenomena like ‘foreign terrorist fighters’ and lone actor terrorism. Is the War on Terror paradigm receding? This paper argues that counter-radicalisation imaginaries and counter-extremism programming will all remain stubbornly present despite the shift back to interstate war. The resilience of domestic War on Terror policies will stem from their integration within local municipality activity and social policy during the second decade of the 21st century. These policy areas and levels are detached from the international security community, meaning that shifts in attention at the global level will have little effect upon localised national security practices. The paper then interrogates how counterterrorism agendas have so successfully entered the world of social policy and local public administration, using genealogical methods to trace how social security and crime prevention were historically prefaced upon defence. The paper traces the policy paradigm of ‘social defence’ which dominated mid-20th century international organisations, targeting non-criminal juveniles with pre-emptive interventions to prevent ‘dangerous persons’ imperilling society. Effectively, this untold history of crime prevention in Europe demonstrates the profound interlocking of national security, social policy and defence across the 20th century, with implications for the resilience of this triad.

Neuroscientific Evidence in Italian Criminal Proceedings

The author asks whether and to what extent neuroscientific evidentiary techniques can be considered admissible in Italian criminal procedure to assess the mental state of the accused or to verify the truthfulness of a statement, analyzing the national jurisprudence on the subject. First, the author asks whether neuroscientific techniques can be used to determine whether the defendant was totally or partially insane at the time of the crime charged and to determine whether the defendant is a socially dangerous person. The answer is yes, although great caution must be exercised. The main risk is to theorize the existence of a real biological basis for antisocial behavior, which could even justify the adoption of restrictive measures praeter delictum against the biologically vulnerable person. Secondly, the author asks whether the techniques called A-IAT (Autobiographical Implicit Association Test) and TARA (Temporal Antagonistic Response Aletiometer), used in Italy in some criminal proceedings to verify the truthfulness of a statement, are compatible with the Italian law of evidence, which prohibits the use, even with the consent of the person concerned, of methods and techniques that are likely to impair his freedom of self-determination and his ability to recall and evaluate facts. The answer is certainly no if it is believed that these techniques can function as "memory detection" techniques, i.e. they are capable of detecting in the mind of the person concerned even memories that he or she has erased. More controversial is whether a-IAT and TARA are to be considered admissible if they are believed to be simple “lie-detection” techniques, aimed at revealing whether or not the declarant is truthful in reporting his or her memories.

Wearable triboelectric nanogenerator for real-time IoT-supported security applications

Nanosensors are useful for monitoring human behavior and it helps to intimate the dangerous situation to get help from a trusted person. It could bring safety precautions to avoid kidnaps, robberies, and misbehaviors. Requirements like portable, wearable, and power consumption might be the hurdles to the progress of such sensors. Here we prepared a biomechanical energy-scavenging triboelectric nanogenerator, using a sponge-structured Eco-Flex polymer film. It can work as an energy harvester and as a Self-powered sensor for the first time in a wristwatch for security applications. Here sugar granules assisted as a template to develop a sponge structure that is of low-cost approach to create a porous polymer film, which is lightweight, and has high flexibility. A pair of sugar-granules-assisted sponge-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SGAS-TENG) devices could detect external motions from the wearer or from the attacker who attempts to hold the wrist. The SGAS-TENG device can scavenge mechanical energy for powering low-power electronics like LEDs, LCDs, digital watches, and temperature sensors. The electrical output is generated under different types of holding action, and the best outcome is ∼37 V and ∼ 0.5 μA with a maximum peak power density of ∼464.21 μW/cm3. A real-time transmission for security applications was demonstrated by integrating the TENG device with the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, IoT cloud, and the mobile application Blynk 2.0. The device is analyzed for scavenging mechanical energy from the ball pressing to help arthritis patients who have less sense of grabbing in their hands. The output generated by integrating the device in a foam-based smiley ball is ∼10 V. Finally, this approach could bring systematic information about the person in danger who has hand disorders and needs physical as well as medical help.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL SERVICES MARKET IN UKRAINE

The problem of increasing the level of social security acquires special significance in the conditions of the military and post-war period, because a person in danger loses health and satisfaction with life, needs protection from dangers. Modern challenges and sudden shocks reduce the standard of living of the population in Ukraine and the world. The number of people in need of social protection is growing rapidly. A very important component of social protection is a developed market of social services. That's why the global social services market has grown very rapidly recently. The relevance of the study is determined by the objective need for a theoretical rethinking of social services in Ukraine, the objective need to create and develop a market for social services.The aim of the article is to generalize the theoretical aspects, as well as to develop practical recommendations for the development of the social services market in Ukraine.The scientific achievement of the authors is the developed model of the formation of the social services market, the basis of which is the scientific-theoretical and organizational-economic support. The theoretical support is based on taking into account the traditional stages of market development, its laws, rules and functions. Organizational-economic support involves the interaction of economic agents of the market, trends, constraints, problems of its development, specific properties and market-forming factors. The successive interrelated stages of the formation and development of the social services market are highlighted. The study of stages, their specific characteristics, and cycles of development of social services is the subject of future research.The results of the research will consist of the possibility of their use for the development of strategies and programs of social development, the formation of a social service market and the support of social security in Ukraine.

Endangerment: foreign experience and realities of martial law in Ukraine

In this article, from the point of view of a comparative analysis, the legal provisions of the criminal legislation of some foreign countries, dedicated to the regulation of criminal liability for endangerment, are considered. The characteristic features of the method of normative display of the features of the crime, the use of different approaches to the differentiation of criminal liability are analyzed. The need for the implementation of certain provisions in the process of implementing the domestic criminal law policy has been defined and substantiated.In particular, Part 3 of Article 135 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides for responsibility for "Actions provided for in Parts One or Two of this Article, if they caused the death of a person or other grave consequences." In foreign countries, committing such acts may require other qualifications. In particular, if a person left another person in danger with the intention of encroaching on his life, then in such cases the culprit is punished as for intentional murder. In some countries, there is liability for holding another person from providing assistance or hindering it. There is also differentiation in the age of the injured person, which can lead to the definition of a different list of persons who are obliged or should provide assistance to them. In addition to the specified opportunities for improving the current criminal legislation, the peculiarities of the application of the specified norm under martial law were considered.

Collectivity Disorders

Remember those games of anthropomorphizing countries, flowers, trees, and animals, for example: If Switzerland were a flower, it would be...” and similar? I have always enjoyed them; that was “a very human” type of fun.” However, sometimes it is far from fun. Working in psychiatric emergency care makes emergency care makes us scan rapidly for the personality types of the patients. It is overly unprofessional and again human as well. The wish for survival comes before the wish for curiosity. The severely alcoholized patient who is acting with access to violence can be a sad person expressing the suppressed rage of abandonment but could be a potentially dangerous person looking for the pain, own or that of others. Instinctively we scan for danger before we look for origins of the behavior. Rapid jumping to conclusions could have long-lasting consequences

Recognition of a Drowning Victim by the Layperson. A Systematic Review: Drowning recognition

Background: Globally, drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death. Whilst the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified that bystanders could play an important role in decreasing drowning deaths, few studies have evaluated whether bystanders can recognize a drowning victim. This scoping review aimed to identify common drowning characteristics to support bystanders in recognizing drowning. Method: Studies were identified through a systematic search of databases from the year 2000 until 2020, with the review guided by the PRISMA Scoping review process. Two hundred and nineteen potentially relevant articles were identified, of which 23 met all inclusion criteria. Results: There is limited to very limited empirical data describing how bystanders detect a distressed victim in the early stages of the drowning process. Implications: When preventative measures fail (drowning chain of survival step one), responders need to be able to perform the necessary steps to interrupt the drowning process. This study categorizes behaviors that may indicate that a person is in danger or in need of help in the water, which should support bystanders in recognizing someone in distress and the need to activate rescue and emergency medical services (drowning chain of survival step two and “early recognition" in the domain of first aid education). Conclusion: Whilst evidence is sparse, this review provides educators and training organizations with evidence-based behaviors which they can use to assist bystanders in understanding and identifying persons in danger or in need of help in the water. Keywords: bystander, drowning recognition, drowning, rescue

Security of participants in criminal proceedings as a legal concept

The problem of security of participants in criminal proceedings in criminal procedural law is covered. It is argued that this is one of the most fundamental human rights, as the safety of participants in criminal proceedings indicates the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms that form the basis of everyone's life from emergencies and any other threats or dangerous situations. Security as a legal phenomenon is understood as a legal mechanism (legal system) that helps a person in real danger. In this regard, it is concluded that in general, security is meaningfully revealed as a complex and multidimensional legal phenomenon, which in different areas acquires the appropriate content and form, because it is a certain state of legal protection of the subject, however, it is a special state within the framework of criminal procedural legal relations in a certain period of time and under certain conditions. In this regard, it is argued that security should not be seen as a fixed, unchanging state, ie a regime of protection of subjects from threats when there are no external encroachments. With this in mind, the threat in criminal procedural law is seen as a negative development, as a set of potential or actual conditions and factors or actions of individuals or legal entities that disrupt the normal state of participants in criminal proceedings and can lead to undesirable changes. It is substantiated that the security of the participants in criminal proceedings is a state of legal protection in which the participants in criminal proceedings are not in danger due to the timely detection, prevention and neutralization of real and potential threats. Ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings is the activities of law enforcement agencies aimed at implementing the necessary measures (legal, organizational, technical and other) in the presence of threats to life, health, property, honor, dignity and reputation of persons in connection with their participation in trial of criminal proceedings.

Аpplication of innovative barotherapeutic means in correction of borderline functional states of dangerous occupations persons

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of hyperoxic and hypoxic argon therapy in the correction of borderline functional states of a person.Research methods. 16 men (aged 19–42 years) were examined. In group 1 (8 people), courses of normobaric oxygen therapy and hypoxic therapy were conducted: 14 daily procedures of 30 minutes of oxygen respiration, and then (after 30 minutes) 30 minutes of breathing with a gas mixture with an oxygen content in nitrogen of 16–14% vol. Argon therapy was performed in group 2 patients: 8 daily procedures of 20 minutes of breathing with a gas mixture containing 45% oxygen, 35% argon, nitrogen the rest, and then (after 20 minutes) — 20 minutes of breathing with a mixture containing 12–10% oxygen, argon 35% vol., nitrogen the rest.Results and discussion: it was shown that in group 2 individuals, as a result of the carried-out corrective programs, there was an acceleration of recovery processes, better values of subjective, psychophysiological and somatic status indicators were recorded compared to group 1. Therefore, combined argon therapy is a more effective means of correcting functional conditions compared to standard hyperoxic and hypoxic therapy.

Smart criminal justice: exploring the use of algorithms in the Swiss criminal justice system

In the digital age, the use of advanced technology is becoming a new paradigm in police work, criminal justice, and the penal system. Algorithms promise to predict delinquent behaviour, identify potentially dangerous persons, and support crime investigation. Algorithm-based applications are often deployed in this context, laying the groundwork for a ‘smart criminal justice’. In this qualitative study based on 32 interviews with criminal justice and police officials, we explore the reasons why and extent to which such a smart criminal justice system has already been established in Switzerland, and the benefits perceived by users. Drawing upon this research, we address the spread, application, technical background, institutional implementation, and psychological aspects of the use of algorithms in the criminal justice system. We find that the Swiss criminal justice system is already significantly shaped by algorithms, a change motivated by political expectations and demands for efficiency. Until now, algorithms have only been used at a low level of automation and technical complexity and the levels of benefit perceived vary. This study also identifies the need for critical evaluation and research-based optimization of the implementation of advanced technology. Societal implications, as well as the legal foundations of the use of algorithms, are often insufficiently taken into account. By discussing the main challenges to and issues with algorithm use in this field, this work lays the foundation for further research and debate regarding how to guarantee that ‘smart’ criminal justice is actually carried out smartly.

The Swabian-German Cultural Association and the role of its members on Slovenian soil between 1922 and 1945

Drawing on scientific literature and primary sources, the article analyses the activity of the Swabian-German Cultural Association on Slovenian soil as one of the key formations of the fifth column. The Kulturbund became radicalized and Nazified, especially after Hitler and Nazism rose to power. Long before the war, members of the Kulturbund spread Nazi propaganda and demagoguery throughout Slovenian territory, pasted Nazi symbols and flags, collected classified and sensitive information on the country and those who acted against the Germans and Germany. Based on that, lists of allegedly suspicious and dangerous persons to be arrested and evicted were already drawn up in the prewar period. After establishing administration, the occupier followed these arrest lists, which testify that many tragic fates of nationally conscious Slovenian families were sealed long before 1941 in Graz and other assembly intelligence centres. When the invasion began, the Kulturbund members became guides, instructors, and translators to the German army. Later on, they assumed essential positions in Nazi societies, organizations, associations, offices, paramilitary forces, and even SS units.

Pedophilia is a taxon among 706 adult males assessed at a civil commitment center.

This study examined whether pedophilia is best understood as a dimension or a discrete class (taxon). We considered pedophilia to include both physical sexual attraction to children as well as emotional attraction to children and childhood. Archival data from 901 adult males from a U.S. civil commitment treatment center for sexually dangerous persons were used. Three indicators were submitted to Meehl and Ruscio's taxometric analyses: (a) a screening scale for pedophilic interests based on criminal history, (b) a composite indicator of pedophilic physical attraction, and (c) a composite indicator of pedophilic emotional attraction. All analyses supported a taxon. Compared with nontaxon members, taxon members had more interpersonal deficits, more neurodevelopmental perturbations, more sex-crime specific problems, and fewer problems related to criminality overall. Although previous research showed mixed results (some dimensional, some taxonic), the current study moves the balance of evidence toward considering pedophilia as a distinct disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Review: Enemies among Us: The Relocation, Internment, and Repatriation of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans during the Second World War, by John E. Schmitz

Review: Enemies among Us: The Relocation, Internment, and Repatriation of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans during the Second World War, by John E. Schmitz

The ambiguous legal status of physician assisted suicide in Belgium

This article aims at analysing the actual legal status of physician assisted suicide in Belgium. Section 1 shows that suicide, complicity in suicide and assisted suicide are not a crime. Section 2 discusses whether not providing help to a person in grave danger can be qualified as assisted suicide. Section 3 makes clear that the Belgian Act on euthanasia does not encompass physician assisted suicide and explains why this is so. This has made the legal status of assisted suicide ambiguous, as appears from section 4.

A GRASP-Based Approach for Planning UAV-Assisted Search and Rescue Missions.

Search and Rescue (SAR) missions aim to search and provide first aid to persons in distress or danger. Due to the urgency of these situations, it is important to possess a system able to take fast action and effectively and efficiently utilise the available resources to conduct the mission. In addition, the potential complexity of the search such as the ruggedness of terrain or large size of the search region should be considered. Such issues can be tackled by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with optical sensors. This can ensure the efficiency in terms of speed, coverage and flexibility required to conduct this type of time-sensitive missions. This paper centres on designing a fast solution approach for planning UAV-assisted SAR missions. The challenge is to cover an area where targets (people in distress after a hurricane or earthquake, lost vessels in sea, missing persons in mountainous area, etc.) can be potentially found with a variable likelihood. The search area is modelled using a scoring map to support the choice of the search sub-areas, where the scores represent the likelihood of finding a target. The goal of this paper is to propose a heuristic approach to automate the search process using scarce heterogeneous resources in the most efficient manner.

Running head: Bail, Reform, and Foucault’s Dangerous Individual

Over 2.5 million people in the US are incarcerated annually for the sole reason that they cannot afford cash bail. This nearly exclusively affects the working-class, and disproportionately affects Black and brown individuals and communities. Whether someone is incarcerated pending trial affects employment, family stability, and even likelihood of conviction. Across the US, reform efforts are being considered and adopted, but in this paper, I use a political theory approach to argue that racial capitalist ideologies that construct the accused as specifically ‘dangerous’ impede just policy transformation. I start by centralizing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of the ‘dangerous individual’ as a frame for analyzing the logics and movement of the dangerous figure, and then re-situate the concept of the dangerous person in the contemporary US bail context. Ultimately, I argue that the dominance of oppressive ideologies in the bail discourse demonstrates the pervasive race and class biases that persist in the criminal justice apparatus, even in policy reform approaches that promise unbiased outcomes like algorithmic assessments.

Abandonment in Danger, Resulting in the Death of the Victim: Problems of Theory and Judicial Practice

Problem Statement. The inconsistency of judicial practice in criminal cases of abandonment in danger remains an urgent theoretical, legal and practical problem that needs doctrinal coverage. The second premise of the study is the inconsistency of the established judicial practice in cases of this category with the principles of the criminal law-legality, justice, guilt. Goals and Objectives of the Study, Research Methods. The goal is to provide a theoretical explanation and practical suggestions for optimizing judicial practice in cases of this category. The study is carried out in the tradition of a dialectical approach to the content and essence of any social phenomenon, in the coordinates of which the state of the phenomenon under consideration is determined by the content and the ratio of the factors forming this phenomenon. From this point of view, the current practice of reviewing criminal cases on the most dangerous type of abandonment of an unauthorized person in danger, which resulted in his death, is subjected to research. The research methods are systematic, historical, logical, comparative, and proper – legal. Results and Summary Conclusions. The article presents a picture of the contradictory judicial practice in criminal cases of abandonment in danger, and provides a cross-section of theoretical views on the problem under consideration. The main focus is on the consideration of leaving the victim in danger, resulting in his death. It is argued that the reason for the different qualifications of abandonment in danger, associated with the onset of serious consequences (causing harm to the health or death of the victim), is due to the disregard by law enforcement officers of the understanding of this act as a single mechanism of criminal behavior, including the uniqueness of the objective signs of the act with their reflection in the consciousness of the perpetrator. The conclusion is made about the need for a systematic approach to the legal assessment of the phenomenon of abandonment in danger with the subsequent causing of death. In addition to the stability of judicial practice, the author believes that this would lead to a more precise adherence to the principles of criminal law: legality, justice, and guilt. The same principles would be more consistent with the qualification activities of law enforcement entities as a component of the State’s criminal law policy.

“Refus de soins en cardiologie interventionnelle : que faire ?”

In emergency, physicians are confronted with obligations that may appear in opposition: assistance to a person in danger and consent to care. Knowing the seriousness of acute coronary syndromes, the cardiologist in front of an ignorant patient should not too quickly resolve himself to accept a refusal. In 2 clinical cases, the different means to obtaining consent are recalled: the evocation of the risks in the absence of care (death, physical incapacity, professional aptitude, heavy treatments) taking into account the psychology of the patient, without him make them lose face, by reassuring them about the steps of the procedure, while explaining the lower effectiveness of other therapies (loss of chance). The participation of all medical and paramedical actors makes it possible to match a psychology adapted to the patient's profile, to prevent an incompatibility of mood leading to death by refusal of care. More than ever, the cardiologist has an “obligation” to implement “all means”. If the refusal persists, it will be necessary to find the most effective alternative and to get the patient to return to the optimal strategy by a rapid contact, by involving his family and his attending physicians, who will be informed without delay, with remission of prescriptions. To protect themselves from possible prosecution, the healthcare team will record in detail the course of the events, as well as a detailed document of the refusal of care, signed by the patient who acknowledges having been informed of the risks involved.

What about heart and mind in the COVID-19 era?

From the time of Hippocratic medicine, heart-brain interactions have been recognized and contributed to both mental and physical health. Heart-brain interactions are complex and multifaceted and appear to be bidirectional. Exposure to chronic and daily stressors such as quarantine, or severe psychological trauma like a significant person in danger of life can affect the cardiovascular system and the emotional experience of the individual, leading to an increased risk of developing a cardiovascular disease or mental illness. Subjects with comorbidities between mental disorders and heart diseases are obviously more susceptible to be influenced by emotional burden due to the spread of COVID-19, with emotional responses characterized by fear, panic, anger, frustration. Psychological services and crisis interventions are needed at an early stage to reduce anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in such a stressful period, with a special attention to special groups of patients, such as women, children, or the elderly.

(Re)construction identitaire et pratique infirmière en psychiatrie légale : réflexion critique sur les commissions d’examen

Introduction : The caritative impact of nursing care provided in forensic mental health settings is rarely questioned.Context : Caritative nursing care is indirectly regulated by the Review Board (RB), a para-judicial court which ensures public safety.Objective : This study presents a critical reflection on the political and social effects of the RB, forensic psychiatry hospitals and practices of forensic mental health nurses.Method : The reflection is centered on the concepts of biopower, degradation ceremonies, moral career and identity (re)construction.Results : ‘Therapeutic’ nursing practices are useful for disciplinary purposes in the forensic psychiatric hospital, insofar as they permit the identification and management of dangerous persons. However, the practices also fall within the biopolitical scope of the RB, since they assist the latter in ensuring public safety.Discussion : The forensic psychiatric environment can prove problematic for nurses, requiring a double allegiance, whereby their responsibilities to patients (consent and confidentiality) and to the institution (protection of the public) can lead to tension.Conclusion : The analytical framework of the study allows for a reassessment of other presumed processes in psychiatric environments, which nonetheless constitute just as many rituals of identity (re)construction.