Dangerous Part Research Articles

The approach to the regulation of mercury according to the content of its termoforms in soils and bed loads

The article contains the results of the ecological and hygienic diagnostics of conditions of lands of areas of different sizes and varying degrees of urbanization, located in different agro-climatic conditions of European Russia (the southern Astrakhan region, he city of Moscow). Assessments of the state of territories use a new approach to rationing of Hg according to quantitative ratios of the content of its thermoforms in soils, grounds and alluvium (in litho substrate). The method of diagnostics is based on known properties of Hg forms: their geochemical activity (migration mobility) and toxicity decline along with the increment of the Hg temperature threshold of the release in the process of continuous warming up of the litho substrate sample (up to 1100°C). Thermoforms are not tied to specific minerals or chemicals and are conditionally designated as FR (Free: <180°C), CL (Chloride: 180-250°C), FS and CS (physically and chemically sorbed: 250-400°C), SU (Sulfide: 400-500°C) IS (isomorphic: >500°C) Hg forms. Among forms, also conditionally according to complexes of low, medium and high temperature variations(FR + CL, FS + CS and SU + IZ, respectively, there are selected groups of «mobile», «sustainable» and «inert» forms. For technogenic Hg there is characterized the predominance in the sample of «mobile» and to lesser extent degree - «stable» thermoforms. The more intensive this predominance is, the higher is environmental hazard. The natural accumulation is diagnosed by the presence and prevalence of the sum of moderate - and high-temperature inert forms of Hg. According to the ratios of Hg content, its forms and groups, as well as the density of correlationships between them, 6 indices of the conditions of soils and alluvium were developed by ourselves.Main coefficients out of indices on informativeness of results of diagnostics are the following factors: Endogenous input, Geochemical activity and Hg mobility. With regard to the combination of variability in indices, the total amount of Hg, the genesis and intensity of its accumulation (natural or anthropogenic), there were also developed ranking scales of the ecological and hygienic condition of the land areas and surface water bodies. As a result, on the base of such approach to the regulation of Hg the information value of assessments of mercury contamination of land significantly increased. At the objects of assessments there were identified following areas: foci of the manifestation of Hg hypolimnetic emanations on the landscape surface - dispersion halos in the areas of the Earth crust fracture (the dome of the Astrakhan gas condensate field); environmentally dangerous (sometimes even at a low total content of Hg) parts of cities, towns, their districts, as well as beds of watercourses and water reservoirs bottom (the Volga river valley and delta, the Lefortovo quarter in Moscow). There was also diagnosed the threshold of the background distribution of gross Hg content detected = 0.2-0.3 mg/kg. Its magnitude is consistent with domestic and abroad safe levels of Hg accumulation in soils = 0.3-0.4 mg/kg. The approach provides the differentiation of the environmental hazard lands. Technology of the approach can be used in the development of normative Document for the diagnosis of environmental and sanitary condition of territories in the system of Classifications of hazard of waste, in decontamination of territories, water areas and land zoning according to the criteria of natural or anthropogenic Hg accumulation.

Rigid-flexible coupled dynamics analysis of 3-revolute-prismatic-spherical parallel robot based on multi-software platform

Kinematics and dynamics are the most important and basic tool for robot research. With the help of computer technology and the respective advantages of three kinds of software, a new method of co-simulation of parallel robot based on multi-platform is proposed, and the mechanical model of multi-body system of 3-revolute-prismatic-spherical parallel robot is established. According to the mechanical analysis of the parallel robot, the rigid-flexible coupling analysis method is adopted. The displacement error shows a periodic change with a period of 4.2 s and the maximum error is [Formula: see text]. The dangerous part of the structure is the root of the lower link, and its maximum stress is 202.64 MPa less than the yield strength of the material. The multi-software platform co-simulation improves the accuracy of the dynamic response analysis of the part under dynamic load, and provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the parallel robot.

Basic research of fibrosis on atherosclerotic plaque stability and related drug application

In the background of the high incidence and high mortality of cardiovascular diseases,atherosclerosis is the main pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases and the core pathological basis for disease progression. In the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques,the rupture of unstable plaques,plaque shedding and formation of thrombosis are the most dangerous parts. In this process,the formation of plaque fibrosis is the core mechanism regulating plaque stability. Additionally,fibrosis reflects dynamic changes in the inflammatory processes and pathological changes. In view of the inflammation regulation and fibrosis regulation,this paper clarified the process of atherosclerotic plaque,explained the roles of relevant inflammatory cells and cytokines in plaque stability,and summed up drug researches related with stable plaque in recent years. In the future,improving the fibrosis will be a new idea for stabilizing plaque in atherosclerosis drug development.

Fatigue Failure Prediction Model and Verification of Hot Extrusion Die

Fatigue fracture is one of the most common failure modes of hot extrusion dies. The fatigue properties of materials are closely related to service conditions and heat treatment processes. In this paper, the service conditions of typical hot extrusion punches were selected as the start point, loading history of the dangerous part of the die was obtained by finite element numerical simulation. The load spectrum modified and normalized through Neuber algorithm was used as the loading curve of fatigue analysis. The tensile properties of the die materials at service temperature were obtained by experiments. Based on the Manson-Coffin model, the strain-life curve of the material was obtained through the theoretical deduction. The fatigue failure prediction model was established based on strain damage. Aiming at specific working conditions of aluminum alloy extrusion parts, the fatigue life prediction and model validation of the die were carried out. The heat treatment of die was: spheroidizing annealing + 1020 ℃ oil quenching + 580 ℃× 2 h two tempering treatment. The results show that the die life predicted by the model is 1318 times, and the actual die life is 1120 times, the failure position and service life of the die are in good agreement with the predicted results. A new way was provided for optimizing the matching of heat treatment process and service condition of the die, and has guiding significance for actual production.

The Explosive Expert's Wife by Shara Lessley

Reviewed by: The Explosive Expert's Wife by Shara Lessley Carol Niederlander (bio) Shara Lessley. The Explosive Expert's Wife. University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. Shara Lessley's powerful, provocative book of poetry, The Explosive Expert's Wife, makes one wonder who the braver partner in this unusual marriage might be. Is it the bomb and IED expert, who works in some of the most dangerous parts of the world, or is it his poet wife, living with him in Amman, Jordan, often left alone. The two appear to love one another unreservedly, but that is only one aspect of the risk-taking lives explored in this volume. Through sometimes transcendent language and unobtrusive religious references, the poems subtly convey the wife's spiritual questioning in a troubled time. They depict her evolving understanding of herself and of random, senseless tragedy in the world as she encounters a culture that both deeply draws and sometimes profoundly distresses her. In the first of three poems entitled "The Explosive Expert's Wife," we meet the exhausted husband, coming "home from the range scorched in dirt": His nails are chewed.He enters the house without saying a word.He's jet-lagged again. He's got blast-dust the length of his forearms and hands.Back from Sa'dah, he's got sand in the shakes of his boots.He says, Sorry I'm late. Terms probably unfamiliar, like Sa'Dah, appear throughout this book and may send readers scurrying for a dictionary, but it's worth the effort. As it happens, Sa'Dah is a city in Yemen where the husband has been working. He continues his agitated talking: They're booby-trapping pizza boxes and books. They're rigging plastic cars so kids will trip the switch. They're something else, he says. Slowly, he reconnects to the more ordinary world. He gives thanks—the chicken tastes just right. The dog jumps on his lap. He strokes my arm, asks Later tonight?Napkin crumpled, he pushes back his plate— Now tell me everything, he says, About your day. How does one respond after such a devastating report? Actually, the wife's days in Amman are full of [End Page 199] experiences, sensations, and connections. In spite of suggestions in "Advice from the Predecessor's Wife" ("Gunfire means graduation, or congratulations—a wedding's / just taken place. Don't be disturbed by / the armed guards outside your apartment"), the wife is prepared to love Jordan. In "Things Green," she describes the view as her plane descends: Lodged in the Middle Eastern capital itself: green and green and green. Like fish scales. Or small sequins. Green that seemed to say, welcome. Green scattered across a country I assumed to be entirely sand and brown and taupe. "Ah, the wild figs of Jordan—what, in this world, are as sweet?" she asks. A visit to the ancient city of Petra presents a magical beauty: "A thousand candles light the Siq," she explains, and she senses DuShara, "God of the mountain, god of air … tonight a/breath, / a shape, this copper / eclipse of moths / alighting in my hair." The language is ecstatic. But much of this new world is not beautiful. She hears of "a cabdriver killed overnight: rockets misfired by Egyptian insurgents … an unidentified toddler found / wandering in Wihdat." Awaiting her husband's return, she confesses: "I can't sleep: the rain has ceased (or what I hear/as rain). It won't be long. Two / more days. I think of purgatory—bright / magnesium flare—seven angels strung in a tree. / This morning a woman begging outside / Jounia Pharmacy." Learning Arabic, she wonders: "How to ask What place is this? Which street?" adding, "In English/tourist sounds like terrorist, terrorist tourist." When the teacher asks what hour it is, she insists (in Arabic, we assume), "At the market I drank fresh juice." A comic confusion sometimes reigns, but other experiences are not funny. "The Ugly American" describes a group of boys who beat a female donkey in heat "with sticks and switches and clods / of dirt, laughing at her … baiting their donkeys to mount her." The poem's narrator sees "a woman, very pregnant...

Analysis of Fatigue Life of a Torsion Beam Based on nCode Design-Life

The rear torsion beam of a car was taken as the research object, and its fatigue life was estimated by nominal stress method.In ANSYS Workbench, the strength of the torsion beam was checked through analysis, and the dangerous part and the nominal stress spectrum were obtained. The load time series was obtained in Admas. The SN curve of composite material and fatigue cumulative damage theory were analyzed in ncode Designlife to obtain the fatigue life of the torsion beam. The calculation results show that the minimum fatigue life of the torsion beam is 564,000 kilometers, which is higher than the national number of scrapped cars and meets the use requirements. This method can provide the basis for the optimal design of the torsion beam.

Investigation of the Hydrogen Stratification of the Metal of the Active Gas Pipeline

One of the most common types of metal destruction in the oil and gas industry is hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen corrosion is a complex of negative effects of hydrogen on steel, leading to the destruction of metal structures. Hydrogen passes through a defect-free metal, without lingering in it. In the presence of defects, hydrogen is retained in the metal forming a brittle solid solution, metal stratification along the segregation streamer, blistering. Studies of the metal of a gas pipeline made of steel 09G2S are presented in the article. The sample was selected from the local zone of destruction in the condensate collector, the metal of the pipe had typical for hydrogen corrosion stratifications. The scope of the study was identification of the most dangerous part of hydrogen corrosion on the sample taken from the local zone of destruction. Studies on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of 09G2S steel were also carried out. Stress-related characteristics of the metal microstructure of the failed gas pipeline were obtained and the character of the destruction progress was revealed. The presence of sulfides cluster in the metal of studied pipe was determined applying metallographic method for determining nonmetallic inclusions.

Analysis on adverse event in acupotomy therapy based on literature research

To explore the current domestic situation of the adverse event in acupotomy so as to promote the standardization of acupotomy and improve the clinical effect and safety of acupotomy therapy. The method of retrospective journal researching was used. The case report about the adverse event in acupotomy from CNKI, WANFANG and VIP databases was retrieved and the types, the features, the causes, the numbers of the papers and the cases were analyzed. Fifty-eight papers were included, with total 343 cases. It was indicated that the adverse events in acupotomy were mainly postoperative local pain, hematoma, swelling, nerve damage, tendon rupture, adhesion, injury, infection, syncope, anesthesia accident, undeserved hormone use, etc. The lower level of standardization of acupotomy in the clinical use may lead to adverse events. Safe acupotomy treatment for some complicated diseases and dangerous parts remains to be improved, and the standardization of the acupotomy is an important approach to improve its safety. The related work needs to be carried out.

Driving Risk Assessment in Work Zones Using Cloud Model

Work zones are prone to traffic accidents. They are considered as dangerous parts of expressways not only for drivers but also for highway construction workers, as they face a higher risk of traffic accidents in work zones. In order to identify the driving risks and to provide guidance to detect traffic risks in work zone, a comprehensive risk assessment method based on cloud model is developed to examine the driving risks in work zones. The proposed model relies on three parameters to determine the driving risks in work zones, namely, coefficient of variation of speed, deceleration, and minimum safety distance. VISSIM simulation software is used as a tool to construct the work zone driving conditions and the reverse cloud model is used to divide the concept and concept jump. The maximum activation intensity is considered as the base factor to determine the core risk level. Other activation intensities are used as a basis to optimize the edge level effect and generate a comprehensive function. The reconstruction area in Anhui Province is used as a case study to assess the driving risks in three expressway work zones. The results revealed that the risk scores of the three work zones 1, 2, and 3 are 48.48, 62.49, and 34.33, respectively. The results obtained by the developed driving risk assessment model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Hence, the model proposed in this paper can accurately assess the driving risks in work zones using a more scientific and intuitive approach, which provides an excellent tool to design safe expressway work zones.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Heat Transfer of Reactor Internals Under Direct Injection

In a 1250-MW pressurized water reactor (PWR), coolant is injected into the reactor vessel under accident conditions through the method of direct injection, which is the most important function of the emergency core cooling system. Since the problem has been found that safety injection start-up will have a significant thermal effect on the reactor’s internal system, a confirmatory study of an improved structure is required in the initial design stage. In this paper, the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the core barrel, the neutron shielding panels, and the radiation surveillance capsules are investigated by a scaled experiment combined with a numerical method to obtain the distribution of the wall temperature and the convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer wall of the reactor internals under different injection conditions. In addition, potentially dangerous parts have been pointed out, and dimensionless correlations are fitted to describe the heat transfer laws of key parts of reactor internals for use in reactor design. This research fills in the gaps in the study of heat transfer under direct injection of the reactor internals in a PWR, providing support for the safety of the reactor structure.

Spring 2019 Special Issue on Writing

Writing might be seen as the most dangerous part of the English curriculum, where individual students can express themselves in ways that are their own – and which may not conform to adults’ expect...

Pressure distribution and cavitation in counter-vortex flow energy dissipators of hydraulic spillways

The article is devoted to the study of cavitation phenomena of counter-vortex flow energy dissipators that can be used in hydraulic spillways. The spillways providing the surface flow transitionn at hydraulic structures are equipped with energy dissipators of the discharged flow. An increase in the effective pressure on the hydropower project leads to an increase in the flow velocities and, hence , to an increase in the loads acting on the structures. One of such a manifestation is cavitation and cavitation erosion associated with it, which can lead to destruction of structures. The objective of the study consists in determining the cavitation characteristics of counter-vortex flow energy dissipators. The study was carried out by modeling using high-head physical models. The counter-vortex method of excess flow energy dissipation based on the work of viscous friction forces allows the flow energy to be dissipated in a very short part of the flow conductor system of the spillway. This feature of the counter-vortex flow energy dissipator imposes special requirements to the study of cavitation phenomena. The carried out studies resulted in obtaining the distribution of pressures lengthwise the flow conductor system of the energy dissipator with spiral swirls. The values of the cavitation coefficient and relative pressure at different points of the device are given. In the conclusions it is noted that the most dangerous part from the viewpoint of cavitation orrurence is the initial section of the flow energy dissipation chamber; cavitation due to flow separation and bubble cavitation occur within the flow and does not affect the structural elements; on a large-scale model working for 500 hours at pressures of up to 70 m cavitation erosion of the walls has not been detectd.

Geodetic Basis used during the Remediation of Strečno Cliff

Great part of Slovak traffic is led by the highways nowadays. There is a number of critical parts in highway from Bratislava to Košice, the most critical is under the castle Strečno. In the future, there are plans to redirect the traffic during the tunnel, but in present the traffic goes through road I/18. This is placed between Váh River and the castle, which is placed on the cliff above the road. The flooding and the gradual collapse of cliff accompanied by falling of rock pieces on the communication is very dangerous. The access on the castle walls is almost impossible, it is necessary to use new technologies. The imagining was done by UAV equipment Microkopter and uncalibrated camera with CMOS Full Frame. The result of the work is photoplan with dangerous parts overdrawn. These can be helpful during the remediation.

Chinko

Chinko Samantha Libby (bio) This is the place where dragons once lived and will one day be born again. Here mythical beasts lie waiting, growing, plotting, and scheming. Chinko is an easy place to introduce, but a difficult place to get to. At Chinko, you begin on an airstrip, a small dirt line in a lawless place. If you wanted, you could put your pack on your shoulders and walk all the way to Darfur and not encounter a single road. Tens of thousands of elephants used to call this wide corner of the Central African Republic home. Now, fewer than a hundred of them hide in the protected wildlife refuge that spans more than 17,000 square kilometers. Even with luck, you will never see them. All that is left are monkeys that pick at burned, dry grass, and wild pigs with fantastic noses that skitter-scatter at the sound of your approach. The branches of charred trees help hide the black mamba, one of the most poisonous snakes in the world, while the great eland antelope, a magnificent creature native to this part of the world, walks through the dying bush, looking for what is left of his home. The word “Chinko” means nothing. It is the name given to a river in a place where the river gets lost in thick brush and fields of termite mounds. Chinko Park, established to protect what little is left, is called a national park, but there is nothing national in a place without the rule of law. Chinko’s only defense is a handful of well-trained rangers who spend weeks at a time in the wild, waiting for poachers or armed groups to emerge from the thick bush and attack. This is a dangerous part of the world—everyone knows at least that much. In war-torn Africa, outsiders often feel an obligation to dissect old clichés and invent new ones. But I show up empty-handed. After ten years working in human rights and humanitarian aid around the world, I can no longer be deluded as to my own relevance. I come for a reason startlingly few want to admit: I need to work and there is often work to be had in places where nobody wants to be. I find myself working on a large usaid radio project in the Central African Republic when I am sent to Chinko. They want me to assess whether or not the network can be extended to include the anti-poaching efforts in the area. Be careful, my more experienced colleagues tell me. Fear is not romantic. I already know that heavily armed poachers, rebels, and mercenaries regularly move in and out of the massive area that the park is mandated to protect. But I do not understand how to be afraid there, and this, as many veterans of the humanitarian trade will tell you, is an unspoken part of any security plan. In a conflict zone, [End Page 128] fear will be your barometer for stress when the potential for danger is constant. I ask around town. Fear in eastern CAR is no adventure, I am told by a Green Beret who’d been assigned to the US mission to capture and kill the leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army. He looks at me through hooded and tired eyes and says, You don’t know what lives out there. But people do not come to this part of the world to listen to sound advice. After three tiny plane rides to the eastern reaches of the country, I see fire in the distance. We land, and as soon as I set foot on the ashen ground, one man runs out from the main compound to greet the pilot and me. The Lord’s Resistance Army has entered the park and surrounded a patrol, he says. What should they do? Engage or retreat? As he begins to argue with the pilot, I walk around the base and try to look as if I am supposed to be there. I am the only woman among four hundred men. When an hour passes and there is still nothing for me...

Application and Mechanics Analysis of Multi-Function Construction Platforms in Prefabricated-Concrete Construction

Multi-function construction platforms (MCPs) as an “old construction technology, new application” of the building facade construction equipment, its efforts to reduce labour intensity, improve labour productivity, ensure construction safety, shorten the duration of construction and other aspects of the effect are significant. In this study, the functional analysis of the multi-function construction platforms is carried out in the construction of the assembly building. Based on the general finite element software ANSYS, the static calculation and dynamic characteristics analysis of the MCPs structure are analysed, the simplified finite element model is constructed, and the selection of the unit, the processing and solution of boundary are under discussion and research. The maximum deformation value, the maximum stress value and the structural dynamic characteristic model are obtained. The dangerous parts of the platform structure are analysed, too. Multiple types of MCPs under engineering construction conditions are calculated, so as to put forward the rationalization suggestions for engineering application of the MCPs.

Hardly Full Metal Jacket: What We Can Learn From a Military Learning Environment.

Hardly Full Metal Jacket: What We Can Learn From a Military Learning Environment.

Dynamic performance of heavy-haul combined train applying emergency braking on straight line

A heavy-haul train-track coupled model is developed. Taking the emergency braking of the 2×104 t combined train as example, the train longitudinal impulse, the coupler dynamic behaviors and wheel-rail interactions of vehicles distributing in the different positions are analyzed. The results indicate that under the coupler compressing forces, the couplers of middle locomotives may tilt to the free swing limits, which induces the unidirectional tilt of their connected wagon couplers. Consequently, the coupler longitudinal forces produce the lateral components, and then affect the wheel−rail dynamic interaction. The performance of the middle locomotive and their neighboring freight wagons deteriorate significantly, becoming the most dangerous parts in the combined train. The wagons disconnecting with the locomotives can basically keep their couplers to stabilize in the centering positions, even though the maximum coupler longitudinal force acts on it. And its corresponding running safety also has little changes.

When to leave: the timing of natal dispersal in a large, monogamous rodent, the Eurasian beaver

As dispersal is a dangerous part of an individual's life, its timing is important to increase the chances of survival and successful establishment of a territory. We investigated factors affecting the timing of natal dispersal in the Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber, a territorial, monogamous, long-lived mammal, using data from an 18-year individual-based study (1998–2015). We tested hypotheses about the causes of dispersal onset, namely competitive ability, kin competition (sibling competition and offspring–parent competition), population density and intolerance by an incoming, unrelated dominant individual. Only 9% of individuals remained philopatric and became dominant after both of their parents disappeared. Average age at dispersal was 3.5 years, with some individuals delaying dispersal up to age 7 years. Beavers dispersed more frequently with increasing age (i.e. with increasing competitive ability and possibly experience) and when population density was lower. Further, both females and males delayed dispersal with increasing same-sex parental age. Older parents were either more tolerant towards philopatric subordinates, or subordinates awaited the disappearance of their senescing parents to take over the natal territory. From comparisons with other populations, we conclude that the high population density in our area was possibly the ultimate driver of dispersal with individuals delaying dispersal to increase their competitive ability.

Mechanism of Fatigue Crack Growth of Bridge Steel Structures

AbstractThis study was carried out on the background of Sutong Bridge project based on fracture mechanics, aiming at analyzing the growth mechanism of fatigue cracks of a bridge under the load of vehicles. Stress intensity factor (SIF) can be calculated by various methods. Three steel plates with different kinds of cracks were taken as the samples in this study. With the combination of finite element analysis software ABAQUS and the J integral method, SIF values of the samples were calculated. After that, the extended finite element method in the simulation of fatigue crack growth was introduced, and the simulation of crack growth paths under different external loads was analyzed. At last, we took a partial model from the Sutong Bridge and supposed its two dangerous parts already had fine cracks; then simulative vehicle load was added onto the U-rib to predict crack growth paths using the extended finite element method.

Probability Assessment and Risk Management of Progressive Collapse in Strategic Buildings Facing Blast Loads

Nowadays, as a result of increased terrorist and bomb attacks throughout the globe in the vicinity of strategic buildings, designing these structures against impact loads, particularly the blast-related ones, has been taken into more consideration. The current procedure for designing the structure against an explosion is a design against the local failure of the current elements in the first step and then, in the next step, against local damage as well as tactful thinking to prevent this damage from spreading to other parts of the structure. The present research investigates the impacts of explosives, derived from probable terror–stricken scenarios inside and outside a strategic four-story steel building with a special moment frame system. Then, the resistive capacity of the damaged building (due to blast) has been evaluated against the progressive collapse, and finally, the rate of the collapse risk and the reliability of the structure have been obtained by presenting a probable method. Thus, the vulnerable parts inside and outside the building are identified and safety measures have been determined, so that in case of no safety or excessive collapse risk- access to dangerous parts of the building could be reinforced or limited. Results show that progressive collapse probability and reliability of the building are 57% and 43% respectively.