Dangerous Men Research Articles

Weapons, fire and dangerous men: multimodal argumentation of magazine covers featuring president Donald J. Trump

The paper deals with the visual and verbal modes as well as interrelations between them employed in dominant argumentation on the British and German magazine covers devoted to president Donald J. Trump. Following the concept of multimodality and the notion of enthymemes the author discusses analogy and causality as predominant types of argumentation occurring on the covers of THE ECONOMIST and DER SPIEGEL and illustrates the contribution of the visual image to the (re-)construction of the tacit components of the argumentation.

Ethnography, methodological autonomy and self-representational space: a reflexive millennial generation of Muslim young men

ABSTRACT Within British schools over the last few decades, we have witnessed a policy move from multi-culturalism to counter-radicalization. In response, this article examines an ethnographic project that illustrates both the relative autonomy of methodology from broader theoretical and substantive questions, as well as the internal creative logic of methodology grounded in the research process. Importantly, the research participants claimed, in contrast to the securitised regime that circumscribed their lives as a ‘suspect community’ closing down critical discussion in the public sphere, their (ethnographic) engagement in the field enabled them to inhabit alternative representational spaces to the dominant public framing of young Muslims as dangerous men. Ethnography, with its attendant immersion research methods, created the time and space to open up complex explorations of the research participants’ emerging understandings, meanings and performances of school life for their generation.

Off Track and the Climb Back

Off Track and the Climb Back Rebecca Cuthbert (bio) Catch, Release Adrianne Harun John Hopkins University www.press.jhu.edu 240 Pages; Print, 19.95 What happens in the murky spaces between bright streets and crowded playgrounds? Where do the children go when no adult can bother to wonder; what do the adults get up to when grief, addiction, and sex stop up their senses and make them forget the roles they're supposed to play? Adrianne Harun shows us the answers in her third book, Catch, Release, a collection of short stories linked by her protagonists' dark urges and unblinking shamelessness. Feral children learn slyness in scuzzy alleys and pickup beds. Teenage girls flaunt new breasts at teachers, cousins, and other dangerous men. Parents grieve dead children or don't notice the live ones at all. Most unsettling, though, is that Harun doesn't give us glimpses of some dismal alien fantasy. Readers can pretend they don't recognize themselves in the failed caregivers and underage sexpots, but this is us—or, at least, the people we might be if not for this moment of restraint or that steadying reminder that someone could have been watching. Harun has types, but our attention does not wane as we see them reappear here and again throughout various stories; they haunt us with increasing volume and violence, as poltergeists demanding full attention. In "Pearl Diving," the teenage temptress is Laura, who looked like a woman out of a black- and white movie. Everyone tried to hit on her: jocks, potheads, the theatre crowd, even the vice-principal, Mr. Nugent, followed her languorous swish through the halls as if waiting for an infraction that would allow him to call her into his private office. Laura pipes her tune; men and boys fall and fight, then worse. In "Two Girls Off Quarry Road," fifteen-year-old Cleo leads the grown men of the town around by their belt buckles, learning that "she could scare the pants, literally, off any man she chose." In "Swallow," it's Elyse, her sweet voice and fairy-tale red hair enchanting teenage boys and her wolf-like younger brother, Bruno. Not all of these girls make it through their narratives unscathed, but though we recognize how they are used, they seem to reject our sympathy, asking us what good it does them. Whether protagonists or antagonists, Harun's adult female characters are lost, confused, or absent. They are mourners or murderers or hostages of their worries. The speaker in "Lost in the War of the Beautiful Lads," a grieving mother, searches for a relationship with her daughter after it is too late. She is set against characters like Ida of "Madame Ida," who is pulled from her despair over her absent son by three mischievous neighbor girls and Otarine in "The New Arrival," "a slice of a woman" dragging herself through long days with a sick child until a wish-granting cousin arrives from a land far, far away. These mothers of dead, gone, or almost gone children are the other side of the coin Harun offers us in the stories about wild and wily juveniles—women who, without their children, no longer make sense to themselves. The adult male characters in the collection span a broader spectrum of personalities and circumstances, from victims of ghostly lust and failed memory to vengeful devil-men and saviors. However, the only one to really escape the vulnerability and emotional struggles so central to Harun's adult characters is Dom from "A Dead Man's Land," whose quiet ferociousness and lack of attachments give readers the same guilty thrill as ripping off too-new scabs. However, as the stories' children shun our coddling, the adults escape our scorn and pity. Harun grants us access to their weaknesses, regrets, and small desires, and in return, we meet them with empathy (or fascination, in Dom's case). We cheer on Nora's crazy mission to find her lost husband through nursing home gossip in "Catch, Release," and celebrate Laurie's rediscovery of a far-gone connection in "My Witness." We revel in the myth and magic woven between the words and around...

Profil d’admission des patients hospitalisés à l’Unité pour Malades Difficiles Henri Colin en 2016

IntroductionIn France, there are 10 special units that take in potentially difficult patients, known as UMD (Unité pour Malades Difficiles). In the literature, there are few studies on the populations admitted to these facilities. Trial subjects and methodWe chose to focus on the year 2016 and on the profiles of male and female patients admitted to the Henri Colin special unit at the Paul-Guiraud Hospital in Villejuif, in the Paris suburbs, by way of a descriptive retrospective statistical study. ResultsMen and women admitted to these special units share traumatic life experiences, scarred with affective, educational or other deprivations. Patients in the study were mostly schizophrenic: 95% of the men and 60% of the women. The admission requests originated from perceptions of dangerousness among the men, and resulted from institutional exhaustion for the women. There was marked toxicological comorbidity (2/3 of men addicted to cannabis). DiscussionWe explore hypotheses that could explain these profiles, as well as the differences noted between men and women. Our results are discussed and linked to existing knowledge in clinical psychiatry and to data in the medical literature. The results update this database, and identify the characteristics and specificities of UMD patients in 2016. ConclusionIt seems that a new profile of UMD patients has emerged in 2016. These patients have long been familiar in psychiatric units and the main difficulty resides in the fact that these local “sectors” have limited capacities, and that there are perceptions of difficulty in coping with dangerous men and difficult women within these facilities. It would be interesting to back up this hypothesis by conducting further studies in different UMDs in order to observe the possible impact of the opening of specialised medical structures such as USIPs (intense psychiatric care unit) and UHSAs (hospital units with special facilities).

Book Review: Barbara Owen, James Wells, and Joycelyn Pollock, In Search of Safety: Confronting Inequality in Women’s Imprisonment

Book Review: Barbara Owen, James Wells, and Joycelyn Pollock, In Search of Safety: Confronting Inequality in Women's Imprisonment. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. ISBN: 9780520288720 (Paperback). 260 Pages. $29.95.[Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2017 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]When the United States embarked on a policy of mass incarceration during the waning decades of the twentieth century, few considered the impact that this correctional course change would have on women. Women offenders had been largely invisible or forgotten by a criminology that emerged to complement, explain, and occasionally critique state efforts to control and discipline unruly and dangerous men. In the classic texts on crime, literally disappeared from data sets, from discussions of crime patterns, and most importantly for this discussion from life behind bars. For centuries, very often, little or no thought was given to the possibility of a female prisoner until she appeared at the door of the institution (Rafter 1990). It was as though crime and punishment existed in a world in which gender equaled male, and were correctional afterthoughts, at best.Some of this intellectual and institutional neglect was understandable. For most of the last century, we imprisoned only about five to ten thousand (Calahan 1986). In 1980, there were just 12,000 in U.S. state and federal prisons and they constituted only 3.9 percent of those in prisons. After decades of mass imprisonment, though, there are now one hundred thousand in U.S. prisons (111,495 in 2015), and these accounted for 7.2 percent of those in prison (Carson and Anderson, 2016: 5). In four decades, the number of being held in the nation's prisons increased nearly ten-fold and the women's imprisonment boom was born. What had started as a war on drugs quickly morphed into an unannounced and unplanned reshaping of the women's correctional landscape, and what some have dubbed a war on women (Bloom, Chesney-Lind, and Owen, 1994).After this draconian policy shift, it is probably appropriate to take stock of the state of women's imprisonment in the United States. In Search of Safety: Confronting Inequality in Women's Imprisonment by Barbara Owen, James Wells, and Joycelyn Pollock is a timely and sobering assessment of what mass imprisonment has meant for behind bars in our country. One could hardly have asked for a better team to compile the assessment. Both Owen and Pollock are authors of highly respected books on the topic of women's imprisonment; Owen's In the Mix which is a classic ethnography of a woman's prison, and Pollock's classic Women, Prison and Society is a highly respected compendium of the history and current state of women's imprisonment. Wells brings to this group a wealth of first hand experience as a former correctional officer who has extensive experience assessing safety in correctional facilities, and an impressive track record for obtaining external grants.Importantly, the book relies on three federally funded studies on the nation's conditions of confinement, with a focus on abuse and assault: an National Institute of Justice (NIJ) study that collected qualitative data from staff at twelve housing men and women, a second NIJ study that examined sexual violence in women's prisons using 40 focus groups (with approximately 150 respondents) in four states, and finally an National Institute of Corrections (NIC) study that conducted a survey of over 4000 prisoners held in fifteen dispersed federal, state, county, and private correctional facilities (15). They also, importantly, conducted a content analysis of fifty letters sent to the Just Detention International detailing women's experiences with assault while imprisoned. …

Understanding Jim Crow: Using Racist Memorabilia to Teach Tolerance and Promote Social Justice by David Pilgrim

Reviewed by: Understanding Jim Crow: Using Racist Memorabilia to Teach Tolerance and Promote Social Justiceby David Pilgrim P. Nicole King Understanding Jim Crow: Using Racist Memorabilia to Teach Tolerance and Promote Social Justice. By David Pilgrim. Foreword by Henry Louis Gates Jr.(Oakland, Calif.: PM Press, 2015. Pp. xii, 187. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 978-1-62963-114-1.) David Pilgrim is the author of Understanding Jim Crow: Using Racist Memorabilia to Teach Tolerance and Promote Social Justiceand the founder and curator of the Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan. The museum is “the nation’s largest publicly accessible collection of racist artifacts,” which are “used as tools to facilitate a deeper understanding of historical and contemporary patterns and expressions of racism” (p. 172). The book is organized, clear, and engaging, with many high-quality color images from the museum’s collection, making it an important and affordable book for teaching the history of racism and aspects of social justice to undergraduate students in many fields. Pilgrim writes, “I am a garbage collector—racist garbage” (p. 1). The museum’s primary goals are to document and provide a safe space for the discussion of the social and historical implications of structural racism in the United States through directly engaging racist material culture. Pilgrim’s collections primarily focus on everyday objects—salt and pepper shakers, postcards, matchbooks, and popular culture items—where racism has been made material in quotidian ways. Both the museum and the book point toward a truth and reconciliation process, as Henry Lewis Gates Jr. states in the foreword, to confront how racism is embedded in the history of this country. The first two chapters of the book are fascinating and original explorations of why Pilgrim came to collect racist objects and how these objects can function as unorthodox teaching tools. In the second chapter, Pilgrim shares the basic pedagogical premise of the book. First, “you have to reach people where they are,” and second, “intellectually beating down someone makes teaching them improbable” (p. 34). Understanding Jim Crowis an example of the importance of public history projects that bring difficult social issues out from the shadows. Chapter 4 explores the caricatured black family—mammies, Uncle Toms, and pickaninnies. Chapter 5 offers a more detailed investigation of “Flawed Women,” and chapter 6 addresses “Dangerous Men” in breaking down different racial stereotypes and addressing issues of gender, class, and region. [End Page 199]While these later chapters provide a necessary context for the book, and especially its many images from the museum collection, they break no new scholarly ground. The final chapter, “A Night in Howell,” is a fascinating conclusion that returns to the narrative approach of exposition used in the earlier chapters. The reader is taken to a Ku Klux Klan memorabilia auction in Howell, Michigan—an area known as a historic hotbed of the Klan and white supremacy—where Pilgrim bid on a Klan robe. The Livingston County Diversity Council invited Pilgrim to bid on the Klan robe so it could be used to promote social justice. The skillful dramatization of the racism Pilgrim experiences in Howell and the attempts by some in the community to overcome the past of white supremacy is a fitting conclusion to a book that speaks to both the hard-fought progress toward justice and how very far we, as a country, still have to go to challenge white supremacy in its many forms. Pilgrim’s book is an important read for publicly engaged scholars. He writes, “I learned that a scholar could be an activist, indeed must be” (pp. 4–5). It is vital for scholars in the humanities and social sciences to engage with Pilgrim’s perspective in the same way it is important for visitors to the Jim Crow Museum to engage in an act of envisioning justice. Understanding Jim Crowfunctions as a traveling exhibition, expanding the reach and audience of the museum. Some of the images in Pilgrim’s book are disturbing. However, that is the point. P. Nicole King University of Maryland, Baltimore County Copyright © 2017 The Southern Historical Association

Dangerous and Dishonest Men: The International Bankers of Louis XIV’s France. By Guy Rowlands. Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance. Edited by Adrian R. Bell, D’Maris Coffman, and Tony K. Moore.New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. xvi+266. $115.00.

<i>Dangerous and Dishonest Men: The International Bankers of Louis XIV’s France</i>. By Guy Rowlands. Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance. Edited by Adrian R. Bell, D’Maris Coffman, and Tony K. Moore.New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. xvi+266. $115.00.

Urban Decay

Urban Decay Andrea Scarpino (bio) Small Enterprise Mary Biddinger Black Lawrence Press www.blacklawrence.com/small-enterprise/ 95 Pages; Print, $13.95 Dedicated “For the cities we left behind,” Mary Biddinger’s fifth poetry collection, Small Enterprise, is both celebration and remembrance of urban life, especially for those who came of age as our most prominent American cities began their decline. Fans of Biddinger’s work will recognize her crisply written lines and surprising imagery, her ability to make strange the seemingly ordinary, and her undermining of the very narrative threads she creates. They also will recognize her wit and the hint of danger simmering beneath an ordinary Christmas dinner, high school football game, or group of grandmothers sitting on their front stoops. The speakers of these poems are the cool kids with their snappy comebacks we wish we could have been. But they also are fragile, haunted, damaged. They live scary and troubled lives filled with trips to the emergency room and potentially dangerous men. And in that, they create a world we recognize as ours even as it disappears beneath us. Through a series of 21 “Risk Management Memo” poems woven throughout Small Enterprise, Biddinger builds a haunting backbone to her collection that reveals the danger and risk of seemingly mundane subjects like community outreach and working in a restaurant’s dish room. The title poem of the collection, “Risk Management Memo: Small Enterprise,” includes the film Apocalypse Now (1979), an imaginary racehorse named Look Loveable, a memory of curdled cider poured into the speaker’s hair after she was buried at camp, and a “you” who wants to drown before turning twenty. The final three stanzas read: I met you at the gun house. Somebodyhad put new curtains up, but nothing could take away the head-markson the walls. Our entire city becamea place that turned its back on coffee, even marzipan ducklings. There’sa reason everyone loves the samethings. That reason will never be you. As is typical of the collection, Biddinger writes in first person and includes an unidentified “you.” As is also typical, warning simmers just beneath the poem’s surface. Even though someone has tried to make the house presentable with new curtains, the “head-marks/on the walls” give away the violence—and/or sex—that defines the place, which we assume is abandoned and has thus become a teenage hotspot. But the speaker is self-assured even as she reminds herself to “look loveable” for the “you”; she ends with a searing indictment of his/her place in her life and in their larger city. This tension between self-questioning and self-assuredness reverberates throughout Small Enterprise; even when these poems’ speakers take unthinkable risks, they are hip to the many ways life will ruin them. For example, in the poem, “Risk Management Memo: Wear and Tear,” Biddinger writes, “I want to be new again / so I can do all the same things / again” and “it was back // when we were magnificent, or / didn’t know otherwise.” In the poem “Breach Year,” Biddinger writes, “The world does not need any more music / or teenagers. My life was not hard // so I made it hard.” And in “Risk Management Memo: Community Outreach,” she writes, “But I was past the candy age, and this / was a colder sort of country.” And that is one of the collection’s strengths: even in its most innocent moments, it also manages to be impossibly wise and far-sighted, reminding us that loss is continual, that even as we build what we hold most dear, it is crumbling around us. As Biddinger writes in “Beatitudes,” “I demonstrate hope. / Or the hope for hope. Or just more unanswerable holes.” This tension between creation and destruction, between hope and “unanswerable holes,” is another theme of poems that touch on writing and the role of the artist, the identity formation of young adulthood, and the collapse of so many of our neighborhoods. Indeed, the best poems in Small Enterprise surprise the reader into seeing our shifting urban landscapes in new and unexpected ways. In a field overgrown with what is being called “ruin...

Unpacking the Figure of the Foreign Criminall: Race, Gender and the Victim-Villain Binary

The UK’s Foreign National Prisoner (FNP) crisis’ of June 2006 provides a key moment to unpack the figure of the ‘foreign criminal’ through. Through an analysis of media articles, Commons debates and NGO documents, I discuss the and gendered stereotypes that were invoked in the construction of ‘foreign criminals’, as they were positioned within the victim-villain binary that characterises migration debates. In explaining the specific kinds of migrantness and criminality made to represent the FNP ‘crisis’, I argue that race and gender matter, and that they work through one another. The FNP ‘crisis’ incensed the media and politicians who framed the issue in terms of dangerous foreign men whose hypermasculinist violence presented a severe and existential threat to the British people. These images relied upon race for their intelligibility. While NGOs and advocates sought to challenge the idea that all, or even most, ‘foreign criminals’ deserve to be deported, they still tended to frame their arguments in terms of victims and villains. In doing so, advocates failed to challenge the gendered and racialised stereotypes that distinguish good migrants from bad ones – victims from villains. In the end, advocates and academics should retain critical distance from state categories if they are to avoid reifying these deeply entrenched narratives surrounding race and gender.

The Mill on the Floss ’s Tom Tulliver and the Victorian Bluebeard Type

The Mill on the Floss’s Tom Tulliver and the Victorian Bluebeard Type Corrie Kiesel (bio) One of the most popular fairy tales of the nineteenth century was “Bluebeard,” the story of a wealthy man who kills a series of curious wives for entering his forbidden chamber. The tale was performed repeatedly on the Victorian stage, printed in chapbooks and fairy-tale collections, and retold by Victorian poets and fiction writers. So well known was the character that Victorians frequently used his name as a label for aggressive or dangerous men (or male animals). In The Mill on the Floss (1860), Maggie Tulliver identifies her brother, Tom, as an example of the Bluebeard type when she compares him to “Bluebeard at the show” (179). This essay situates the novel’s characterization of Tom within Victorian discourse about Bluebeardlike men, discussing the wide range of Victorian usages of the name Bluebeard outside the fairy-tale context, in texts ranging from political critiques to historical essays to a fishing handbook. I argue that the combination of fear and grudging admiration Victorian writers express about the character parallels their ambivalence about the men they compare to Bluebeard. Further, I argue that mixed feelings about Bluebeard and Bluebeard-like males are reflected in the repeated considerations of Bluebeard’s national character. On one hand, Bluebeard was typically described as non-English, often in terms suggesting the imagined Orient; on the other hand, Victorians found many examples of Bluebeard-like behaviour in past and contemporary English leaders, including Henry VIII. Like Victorian Bluebeards, Tom Tulliver is depicted in terms that alternately suggest admiration and reproach, as well as his English and “Oriental” qualities. The novel’s Bluebeard-like characterization of Tom shows that although Tom’s self-reliance and rigid sense of justice can be praiseworthy, taking those qualities to an extreme can make a cruel tyrant who is potentially harmful to himself and those around him. The story of Bluebeard was first published by the Frenchman Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 and was first translated into English by Robert Samber in 1729 (Opie and Opie 133, 136). Multiple versions of the tale circulated during the Victorian era, with most including the following plot elements: a wealthy man who has already been widowed several times wishes to marry again. He woos a young maiden who is initially put off by his blue beard and/or troubled marital history but is eventually won over. Soon after their marriage, Bluebeard gives her the keys to his castle, [End Page 117] warning her not to enter a particular chamber. The wife enters the forbidden room, finding the bodies of his previous wives. Her transgression is revealed through a stained or broken key, and Bluebeard prepares to kill her as punishment. Just as he is about to chop her head off, the wife’s brothers and/or former lover rides in to rescue her. Recent studies have noted Bluebeard’s popularity during the Victorian era, with scholars examining parallels to the fairy tale in the fiction of Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, and Anne Thackeray Ritchie.1 Hilary M. Schor has given the most attention to the Bluebeard tale in George Eliot’s fiction, calling Middlemarch (1871–72) and Daniel Deronda (1876) “the novels in which Eliot rewrote the story of Bluebeard, the angry man with the curious wives” (“Reading Knowledge” 239). Schor argues that the heroine of the Victorian novel marries in order to make a choice about her life, but only learns what she needs to know in order to make a wise choice after she is already married, much as Bluebeard’s wife does not learn her husband’s secret until after she has married him (Curious Subjects 7–8). She contends, “In the realist novel, women do not ‘choose’ in order to get married; they enter the marriage plot because it was the one place where they had anything that looked like choice” (Curious Subjects 12). So, for example, in Middlemarch, “Dorothea has learned too late what her [first] marriage means—it has been a path to a larger sympathy but also an end to a...

Rumsfeld Knew: DoD's 'Worst of the Worst' and Recidivism Claims Refuted by Recently Declassified Memo

The U.S. Government has maintained that detainees incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay are dangerous, “high-value detainees,” the “worst of the worst.” The Government has also claimed that upon release from GTMO, many of these detainees have “reengaged” in their dangerous activities. A recently declassified Memorandum from Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld undermines both of these claims, revealing that GTMO was not populated with “high-value” enemy combatants, but rather with “low-value” detainees. Not only does this contradict Government assertions that the prison at GTMO holds the worst of the worst, but it also calls into question the Government’s assertions that the released detainees are dangerous men who have and likely will reengage. Sparked by the revelation that the Government knew at least as early as spring of 2003 that GTMO was populated with low-level detainees, the Center for Policy & Research reexamined all government claims as to detainee recidivism. This Report is consistent with the Center’s past findings on alleged recidivism. The Center has found yet again that the Government has not supported their claims; claims that rest on even weaker ground now that it is clear that the men released from GTMO were never the worst of the worst in the first place.

Hitler's hangman: the life of Heydrich

Reinhard Heydrich is widely recognized as one of the great iconic villains of the twentieth century, an appalling figure even within the context of the Nazi leadership. Chief of the Nazi Criminal Police, the SS Security Service, and the Gestapo, ruthless overlord of Nazi-occupied Bohemia and Moravia, and leading planner of the Final Solution, Heydrich played a central role in Hitler's Germany. He shouldered a major share of responsibility for some of the worst Nazi atrocities, and up to his assassination in Prague in 1942, he was widely seen as one of the most dangerous men in Nazi Germany. Yet Heydrich has received remarkably modest attention in the extensive literature of the Third Reich. Robert Gerwarth weaves together little-known stories of Heydrich's private life with his deeds as head of the Nazi Reich Security Main Office. Fully exploring Heydrich's progression from a privileged middle-class youth to a rapacious mass murderer, Gerwarth sheds new light on the complexity of Heydrich's adult character, his motivations, the incremental steps that led to unimaginable atrocities, and the consequences of his murderous efforts toward re-creating the entire ethnic makeup of Europe.

Eat, Swim, Pray

Eat, Swim, Pray

Designated as Dangerous: Characteristics of Sex Offenders Subject to Post‐Sentence Orders in Australia

The earliest characterisation of Australian sex offenders subjected to post‐sentence legislation is presented. Demographic, developmental, clinical, and criminal characteristics were obtained for sex offenders under post‐sentence orders in Western Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. Data on 50 offenders were recorded from psychological and psychiatric risk assessment reports statutorily required at the initiation of post‐sentence legal proceedings. The findings describe a group of demonstrably dangerous men who exhibited an early onset of sexual offending, high rates of mental disorder, sexual deviance, and antisociality. Their developmental histories are characterised by early deprivation, disadvantage, abuse, early exposure to substance abuse, and social and psychological dislocation. These offenders present a conundrum to criminal justice agencies. They are an objectively unfortunate group and have engaged in significantly harmful behaviours. However, the early onset of their offending suggests that early intervention services, such as those offered by mental health professionals, have a critically important role to play in any effort to alter offending trajectories such as those exhibited in this sample. A paradigm shift in public policy from a post hoc model to a well‐resourced preventative and public health approach to the problem of sexual violence is proposed. Broad treatment implications are also considered.

Gender as catalyst for violence against Roma in contemporary Italy

ABSTRACT Silvio Berlusconi's use of ethnicity and immigration as national security issues in his successful campaign for election to the Italian presidency in 2008 was by no means unique in contemporary Europe. What was surprising was the speed of his right-wing government's legislative restriction of migrants in the form of the so-called ‘security package’, first introduced just five weeks after the election. Woodcock explores the striking fact that this ‘security package’, and the intense wave of racist violence by Italians against Roma that it legitimized and encouraged, was proposed and justified in response to media reports of Italian babies being stolen by ‘Zingari’ from the ‘nomad camps’ and of Italian women being raped and beaten by Romanian men of ‘Zingari’ ethnicity. Gender and ethnicity are the twin constitutive discourses of modern European society, and racialized subjects are necessarily gendered. The stereotype of ‘dangerous black men sexually threatening white women’ has been mobilized in a vast range of European and colonial nationalist projects in order to justify the policing of both racialized masculine subjects and women as objects of the patriarchy. Similarly, the depiction of women as hysterical, sexually vulnerable objects in need of (white) masculine protection is an old story that the Italian media recognize as a fairy tale even as they reproduce the discourse. Woodcock explores what has not been mentioned thus far, namely, that gender stereotypes are vital to the mobilization of violent racism against the Roma in contemporary Italy, and how conservative gender binaries are strengthened and policed in a time of social crisis through the stereotyping of Roma as racial threat.

It's for Your Own Good: Benevolent Sexism and Women's Reactions to Protectively Justified Restrictions

Three studies examined women's reactions to ostensibly protective restrictions. In Study 1, only benevolently sexist women accepted a protectively justified (hypothetical) prohibition against driving on a long trip, but only when imposed by a husband (not a coworker). In Study 2, when women's actual romantic partners opposed their participation in a practicum counseling dangerous men, most reacted positively to a personalized protective justification ("I am concerned for your safety"), but only benevolently sexist women reacted positively when no justification was given. In Study 3, only benevolently sexist women accepted an explicitly group-based protective justification ("It is not safe for any woman") for a partner's imagined opposition to an internship that involved interviewing criminals. By fusing benevolence with dominance, protective paternalism can lead women (especially those who are high on benevolent sexism) to accept restrictions.

Of Locustaeand Dangerous Men: Peter Damian, the Vallombrosans, and Eleventh-century Reform

In a letter to the people of Florence in the early part of 1067, the ardent reformer, Peter Damian, denounced a group of monks aslocustae. These unnamed monks—whom it has long been accepted were the Vallombrosans—had been waging a campaign against their bishop, Peter Mezzabarba of Florence, whom they accused of obtaining his office by simony. Although Damian, who had been cardinalbishop of Ostia as well as prior of the eremitical community at Fonte Avellana, readily acknowledged that Mezzabarba might have a case to answer at Pope Alexander II's forthcoming council in Rome, he condemned their intrusion into matters of ecclesiastical politics that were none of their business. Yet it was clearly more than a matter of inappropriate activities. For he went on to dismiss in the bitterest of terms the dangerous pretensions of these monks to a superior holiness. Referring to their sanctity asodiosa, Damian concluded by saying that if monks like the Vallombrosans wanted to be holy they should not flaunt a spiritual arrogance in the face of weaker brethren. For Damian, the duty of monks was strictly defined by function: their calling was to weep for sins, not to announce them.

Correctional Psychology: Practice, Programming, and Administration

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewsFull AccessCorrectional Psychology: Practice, Programming, and AdministrationMargery Gans, Ed.D.Margery GansSearch for more papers by this author, Ed.D.Published Online:1 Jun 2005https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.6.763AboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Barbara K. Schwartz, in her edited volume Correctional Psychology: Practice, Programming, and Administration, succeeds in her goal "to provide practical advice to the mental health profession on dealing with the most common issues encountered when delivering services within correctional institutions." Schwartz is a well-known researcher, program creator and director, and clinical consultant, with a specialty in sex offenders. This book provides a comprehensive overview of correctional psychology, including program creation and administration, clinical issues, and the needs of specific populations. It should be valuable to clinicians, researchers, administrators, officers, and other prison staff.The book addresses a wide range of topics, with articles on different populations, including women, gang members, persons who are developmentally disabled, and those who are mentally ill. Programmatic descriptions cover general mental health units, programs for substance abusers, sex offenders, and the use of animals in treatment. Specific themes weave throughout the book—for example, the nature of correctional clinical work and the need to cooperate with correctional officers. Various authors mention the specific traits and strengths that clinicians want to have in correctional settings, including flexibility, self-awareness, the ability to stay calm in stressful and emergent situations, a sense of humor, and a life outside work. Pitfalls of working in prisons are identified—for example, physical threat, the danger of being manipulated and exploited by inmates, the danger of being drawn into the split between inmates and the institution, and the risk of acting out one's own needs (to rescue, to redeem, or to single-handedly rehabilitate) at the expense of clinical integrity. The importance of supervision is stressed.Some chapters stand out because they sharpen one's critical perspective. Bob White's chapter on prison gangs vividly describes the dilemmas and obstacles to treatment presented by gangs. White raises the questions of treatability, prison culture, psychopathy, and treater vulnerability that need to be asked of treatment programs. Stephanie Baird, in her chapter on female offenders, identifies gender issues that are as relevant for male as for female offenders but rarely get raised in articles that take the male population as standard. Robert Prentky, in his chapter on treatment of sex offenders, links therapeutic ideas to outcome research. The reader is reminded to look for these connections when reviewing other treatment programs. It would have been useful to include a chapter about the differences and overlap between psychopathic and antisocial personalities, and the difficulty of establishing alliances with men who may never have had alliances and who use connection to subvert alliance. A chapter on "men with attitude" touches on this issue in stressing attention to the individual in the application of a more classical group therapy approach to work with violent and dangerous men, although this is not the chapter's primary theme.In sum, Schwartz's book achieves its goal. It is a useful, readable, and, at times, thought-provoking overview of the field. It is a valuable resource for clinicians and for anyone who is interested in treatment in a correctional setting.Dr. Gans is a licensed psychologist working with the Bridgewater Treatment Center for the Sexually Dangerous in Massachusetts and a senior clinician with University Health Services, Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.edited by Barbara K. Schwartz; Kingston, New Jersey, Civic Research Institute, 2003, 514 pages. $125 FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 56Issue 6 June 2005Pages 763-763 Metrics History Published online 1 June 2005 Published in print 1 June 2005

Managing the unmanageable: psychotherapy in Grendon Prison.

This paper provides an account of some of the organizational and dynamics issues that emerge in a setting that contains and provides psychotherapy to 230 severely personality-disordered and dangerous men. It proposes that in addition to their strategic managerial role, the senior team have an additional task to provide psychodynamic containment for the clinical work of the organization by tracing the journey of dynamics on the clinical factory floor up the organizational structure to the senior team. A conceptualization of this work is proposed, and some implications discussed.

Gunmen and gangsters: profiles of nine actors who portrayed memorable screen tough guys

Gangsters such as Al Capone and Lucky Luciano were considered by many people to be the most exciting personalities of the 1920s and 1930s. The public was hungry for press coverage about these mysterious and dangerous men. Most reports about them were sketchy, as the reporters did not want to get on the bad side of the racket bosses. Hollywood's response to the public's fascination was to portray the lives of gangsters on the movie screen, using actors such as Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney, and Edward G. Robinson. Perhaps surprisingly, these men received not-so-favorable reviews from the Academy Award voters, and so however, other actors were brought in to play the roles. That's what this book is about - the personal and professional lives of William Bendix, Charles Bickford, Ward Bond, Broderick Crawford, Brian Donlevy, Paul Douglas, William Gargan, Barton MacLane, and Lloyd Nolan, second-string actors who replaced the big names and did a memorable job. A filmography is supplied for each actor.