Dangerous Chemicals Research Articles

Establishment of Regional Regulations For Coastal Area Rehabilitation As An Environmental Restoration Effort In Buru District

Introduction: Research entitled "Establishment of Regional Regulations for Coastal Area Rehabilitation as an Environmental Recovery Effort in Buru Regency". Purposes of the Research: The specific aim of this research is to find out and analyze the impact of traditional mining activities on environmental damage in coastal areas, especially in Kayeli Bay, Buru Regency as the estuary of rivers affected by mining activities and to find and analyze the importance of establishing Regional Rehabilitation Regulations as an effort to restore the marine and coastal environment. in Buru Regency.Methods of the Research: This research uses an exploratory type of empirical normative research. This research approach is a statutory approach, a concept approach and a case approach. The data collection techniques used in this research were interviews and literature study.Results of the Research: Mining activities using dangerous chemicals carried out over a period of 23 years have had a major impact on the environmental conditions of Buru Regency. Environmental pollution and destruction not only occurs in mining areas but also land, river flows, bays, coasts and seas which are the final estuaries of mining remains. Kayeli Bay is an important area for fishing, to support the daily lives of around 50,000 village communities. coast. Kaiely Bay is located between 3º 15' 55” - 3º 22' 50” S and 127º 01'35”-127º 01'35” E and is an estuary in nature because it is influenced by the surrounding land, through runoff that enters through rivers that empties into the bay. Continuous abundance of nutrients causes an increase in water fertility. On the other hand, Kaiely Bay is also able to supply and fertilize the surrounding waters with nutrients and a high concentration of chlorophyll-a, namely > 6 mg/L.

Green Advances in Wet Finishing Methods and Nanoparticles for Daily Textiles.

This work presented an overview of greener technologies for realizing everyday fabrics with enhanced antibacterial activity, flame retardancy, water repellency, and UV protection. Traditional methods for improving these qualities in textiles involved dangerous chemicals, energy and water-intensive procedures, harmful emissions. New strategies are presented in response to the current emphasis on process and product sustainability. Nanoparticles (NPs) are suggested as a potential alternative for hazardous components in textile finishing. NPs are found to efficiently decrease virus transmission, limit combustion events, protect against UV radiation, and prevent water from entering, through a variety of mechanisms. Some attempts are made to increase NPs efficiency and promote long-term adherence to textile surfaces. Traditional wet finishing methods are implemented through a combination of advanced green technologies (plasma pre-treatment, ultrasound irradiations, sol-gel, and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods). The fibrous surface is activated by adding functional groups that facilitate NPs grafting on the textile substrate by basic interactions (chemical, physical, or electrostatic), also indirectly via crosslinkers, ligands, or coupling agents. Finally, other green options explore the use of NPs synthesized from bio-based materials or hybrid combinations, as well as inorganic NPs from green synthesis to realize ecofriendly finishing able to provide durable and protective fabrics.

Visualization of integrated failure consequences of hazardous chemical leakage and explosion

Dangerous chemicals are widely present in various aspects of people's lives, but they often pose risks of leakage and explosion during transportation and storage, resulting in severe casualties and property damage. Firstly, this paper proposes a visualization method applicable to comprehensive failure consequences of hazardous chemical storage tanks. This method considers the toxic hazard range of chemical leaks and the blast overpressure injury range of leak clouds and visualizes the comprehensive failure consequences. Secondly, FLACS is employed to simulate a major leakage and explosion accident at Jinyu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. in Linyi City. The simulation reproduces the leakage and explosion processes and verifies the reliability of the simulation results. Finally, the proposed method is used to visualize the comprehensive failure consequences of this accident, providing comprehensive visual results. The method presented in this paper can serve as a theoretical reference for predicting the development of accidents and clarifying their consequences.

Sustainable Behaviors of Young Polish Consumers: the Impact on Logistics and Business Strategies

The main objective of this survey is to analyze the sustainable behavior of young Polish consumers. The specific objectives are to find out the respondents' opinions on the most disturbing environmental phenomena and actions that negatively affect the environment. In addition, an important goal is to learn about their self-assessment of pro-environmental attitudes and to identify pro-environmental actions most often taken by young consumers, as well as to assess sustainable actions taken by companies in the logistics area. The results are based on empirical research concerning sustainable behaviors of young Polish consumers in a research sample of 50 consumers. The research was conducted in April and May 2024 and covered the entire area of Poland. The survey show that respondents have a good assessment of their environmental attitude. As many as 90% of them perceive growing environmental and social problems. The most worrisome environmental issues in their view are increased garbage and waste, polluted air and water, dangerous chemicals in everyday products, and climate change-the greenhouse effect. Among the activities that have the most detrimental impact on the environment, respondents identified deforestation, improper waste management, consumerism, pollution from pesticides used in agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels. Three-quarters of respondents believe they can contribute to improving the environment with their actions, and nearly two-fifths say they are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products or products from companies that support social causes. Respondents also take a number of individual pro-environmental measures, and among them they are most likely to turn off lights, use reusable bags, segregate trash, use reusable bottles, conserve water and choose environmentally friendly forms of delivery for purchased goods. However, when making purchases, most of them do not choose products offered by companies that are actively involved in environmental activities. Up-to-date knowledge on the sustainable behavior of young consumers is particularly important for both the business and government communities, as it provides information on tailored strategies and policies that align with evolving values, ensuring competitiveness, and meeting environmental and social goals. Limitations of the study include the small sample size of the empirical study, as well as the limited nature of the survey questionnaire. Keywords: sustainability, social responsibility, sustainable consumer, young generation consumer

Modification of Screen Printed Carbon Electrode-Gold Nanoparticles (SPCE-AuNPs) for Detection of Mercury in Cosmetics

The cosmetics industry in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase of 12.6% from 2022 to June 2023, with 1025 industries having a positive impact on the Indonesian economy. Apart from that, it has triggered a number of naughty manufacturers to use dangerous chemicals in their cosmetic products such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, it is important to develop a fast and sensitive method for detecting mercury in cosmetics using SPCE-AuNPs. This research was carried out by synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the reducing agent sodium citrate (Na3H5C6O7) with varying concentrations and characterization of several chemical instruments. Furthermore, SPCE was modified by AuNPs, its performance and application were tested to detect mercury in cosmetic cream using cyclic voltammetry (CV). SPCE-AuNPs provides an electrochemical response with higher oxidation and reduction peaks than bare SPCE with an oxidation peak at a potential of 0.1 V to 0.3 V and a reduction peak at -0.05 V to 0.05 V at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s to 0.03 V/s. This shows a good electrochemical response so it can be used for application to detection of mercury in cosmetic samples. The SPCE modified using AuNPs can potentially be used as a sensor for mercury detection in cosmetics.

Study of Plant Growth Promoting Abilities of Rhizobium Strains Isolated from Mungbean Root Nodules

Background: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a type of bacteria that use biofertilizers and other plant growth-promoting agents to increase plant output and growth. In the last several decades, there has been a global surge in the usage of beneficial soil microorganisms like PGPR for safe and sustainable agriculture due to the detrimental effects of artificial fertilizers on the environment and their rising prices. Plant-beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to reduce the world's reliance on dangerous agricultural chemicals that upset agro-ecosystems. Today a large part of yield is lost due to the various stress mechanisms of plants. It could be classified into biotic and abiotic stress. These are generally a group of microorganisms that is found either in the rhizosphere or in the root nodules of plants. PGPR has beneficial impact, they colonize in the plant roots and improve crop yields and agricultural productivity and also produce some useful growth promoting growth hormones viz., IAA, Auxins, Cytokinin and Gibberellins. Methods: The bacterial isolates were screened for plant growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization, IAA production and siderophore production was tested qualitatively by using pikovskayas media, TSB (Tryptone Soy Broth) agar and Chrome Azurol Sulphate (CAS) blue agar respectively. Results: In present study out of the eight rhizobial isolates, five exhibited the phosphate solubilization zones, three shows negative result. However out of eight isolates five isolates produced IAA and three showed negative result. Among all isolates seven isolates were able to produce siderophore, while one showed negative result.

Risk analysis of accident-causing evolution in chemical laboratory based on complex network

Chemical laboratories usually have many high risks from various dangerous chemicals, dangerous devices, and experimental operators involved in the laboratory. Once a severe accident occurs, the accident consequence will significantly impact scientific research innovation and social progress. Aiming at laboratory safety problems, an accident evolution model is established to reveal the critical accident-causing factors and the most likely evolutionary path of accidents in the process of accident evolution. Firstly, the 24 model is used to identify the cause factors of laboratory accidents and the causal relationship between factors. Then, the complex network model of laboratory accident evolution is constructed with accident-causing factors as nodes and causal relationships between factors as edges. Secondly, using the TOPSIS method, four typical complex network characteristic indexes, including degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality, are constructed into a comprehensive evaluation index to reveal the key influencing factors in the accident evolution process. Finally, the fuzzy number is introduced to quantify the uncertainty of the accident evolution path. The most likely evolutionary path is obtained through the Dijkstra and risk entropy theory. Based on the data of 151 laboratory accidents from 2001 to 2022, the accident evolution analysis of chemical laboratories was carried out. The evolution results show that the maximum probability value is the evolution path of fire accidents, and the minimum probability value is the evolution path of electric shock accidents, which accords with the general statistical law of accidents. When applied to the actual laboratory, the safety management level of the laboratory can be effectively improved by controlling the key influencing factors and cutting off the accident evolution path.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DESIGNS OF GP TYPE OIL-GAS BURNER DEVICES WITH NITROGEN OXIDES LOW EMISSION FOR OIL REFINERY FURNACES

The article discusses variants for new designs of GP type combined burner devices developed by the authors for oil refinery furnaces in order to reduce harmful emissions of toxic nitrogen oxides as one of the most dangerous chemicals. The main factors influencing the formation of nitrogen oxides during fuel combustion have been established. A classification of burner devices used in tube furnaces at oil refineries is given. Original designs of low-toxicity burner devices of the GP type, protected by patents for utility models differing from existing analogues in novelty and high environmental efficiency are recommended for implementation.

Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Suhu Terhadap Derajat Asetilasi dan Yield Pada Ekstraksi Kitin dari Belalang Melalui Green Method

Grasshoppers are insects that are pests for agriculture. In recent years, humans have begun to realize the broader economic value of insects, which are not only used as animal feed but also as sustainable biopolymers, such as chitin and chitosan. Grasshoppers' body organs contain chitin, including the digestive tract (intestine), trachea system, and exoskeleton (outer skeleton). Currently, the chitin extraction process using the green method with Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is more popular because it reduces the use of dangerous chemicals, reduces waste, and is overall more environmentally friendly than using chemical and biological methods. In the chitin extraction process, process parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, and particle size of the raw material, are adjusted to obtain the desired properties of chitin. This research aims to determine the effect of particle size and temperature on chitin yield and degree of acetylation (DA). The research results show that the yield values ​​and DA values ​​produced in this research are not by similar references which have described the characteristics of chitin. However, there is one sample showing that the most optimal DA value is the BSC 7 150 mesh 90°C sample, at wavelengths of 1560 cm-1 and 2875 cm-1, producing a DA value of 55.79514% and DD 44.20485933%. The best yield value was BSC 2 110°C 50 mesh, with a value of 22.1%.

Occurrence and eco‐toxicological risk assessment of primary aromatic amines in hookah wastewater

AbstractThis study was conducted for the first time to discern the levels of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in hookah wastewater resulting from the consumption of fruit‐flavored and traditional tobacco. The ecological risk of PAAs laden hookah wastewater and its toxic effects on crustaceans and fish have also been evaluated. The mean concentrations of PAAs in hookah wastewater resulting from consumption of Al‐Mahmoud, Al‐Ayan, Al‐Fakher, and Mazaya brands were 1075.56, 1033.25, 986.94, and 946.58 ng/L, respectively, while it was determined as 355.91 ng/L in traditional tobacco. The concentration of PAAs in the hookah wastewater of fruit‐flavored tobacco was significantly higher than the traditional one (p < 0.05). Aniline (ANL) had the maximum level in hookah wastewater from fruit‐flavored (679.83–802.50 ng/L) and traditional (316.53 ng/L) tobacco consumption. The RQ value of the mean concentration of PAAs in hookah wastewater for all samples was in the range of medium to low‐risk (RQ < 1). In addition to PAAs, other dangerous chemicals in hookah wastewater can increase its ecological and health risk, so it is necessary to manage such wastewater before discharging it into the environment.

Risk of Pesticide Residue on Soil Quality: Potential Side Effects of Essential Oils as Natural Pesticides

Throughout the era of modernization, humans and the environment have been exposed to various chemicals that evolved from high-technology systems. Among those chemicals are substances that could affect human health and disrupt the environment as well as soil quality, such as pesticides. Pesticides are known to be used to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations. However, improper usage or higher dosages used to kill insects might also pose potential risks to food safety, living creatures, soil performance, and humans. Essential oils (EO) were known as natural pesticides without the addition of dangerous chemicals. However, the issue arises when it involves human health and environmental risks with the wrong dosage of EO and concentration used in pesticides. This article aims to elaborate on the nature of essential oils as natural pesticides, their classification, the potential risks of EO, and future perspectives on the usage of EO as natural pesticides

Machine learning-based process design of a novel sustainable cooling system

An exponential rise in cooling requirements occurred in the last few years because of rising global surface temperatures, population growth, faster urbanization, and income growth. Developing countries are facing major issues because of the larger impact of these cooling drivers. Conventional vapor compression systems are energy-demanding and involve dangerous chemicals. The current paper proposed an innovative indirect evaporative cooling system with high energy performance, less emissions, and chemical-free operation. To map the full-scale performance, a prototype was developed,and tested in a variety of outside air conditions. Then artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning model was developed incorporating important input parameters including outdoor air temperature, air flow rate ratio, working air temperature, and working air wet bulb temperature to predict the supply air temperature. The ANN model having nine neurons in the hidden layer exhibits excellent modeling performance with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of ∼ 1 and root mean square error of 0.046 °C, 0.06 °C, and 0.06 °C in the training, testing, and validation phases respectively. The variable significance analysis carried out by one factor at a time (OFAT) technique reveals that working air inlet temperature is the most important parameter to predict supply temperature with a significance factor of 33 %. According to the combined experimental and ML model, the proposed system generated 130 W of cooling capacity and dropped the temperature by more than 20 °C at 48 °C of outdoor air. The corresponding coefficient of performance achieved (just for cooling) was 32. It is also shown that the enhanced IEC operates steadily in ambient temperatures ranging from 30 to 48 °C and maintains supply air temperatures within the comfort zone of ASHRAE-55 and ISO7730.

A promising sustainable green nanosilver formula for p-nitrophenol and methylene blue remediation from wastewater

In an attempt to create wastewater treatment “green” techniques that are both economically feasible and sustainable without using any dangerous chemicals, barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.) water extract was used to phyto-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag°). Barley grains served as a natural reductant and stabilizer at the same time. The role of different synthesis conditions and their effect on the efficiency of the green synthesis process were studied and confirmed with characterization using several techniques (UV–vis, SEM, EDX, sizing distribution, and FTIR). The Ag°9 formula catalytic reduction was inspected against p-nitrophenol (PNP) and methylene blue (MB) as a model of nitroaromatic components and dyes, respectively. The removal studies were conducted using the target pollutants in a single or mixed liquid state. Remarkably, the Ag°9 particle size was around 20 nm, and its final concentration in the current formula was 2.2 × 10−7 mol L−1. The adsorption mechanism of the PNP and MB was pseudo-second order. The good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggests that chemisorption occurs in the sorption process. The formula catalytic activity to remove PNP and MB was 99 and 66% at levels 60 and 500 µL from the Ag°9 formula, respectively, within less than 5 min.

A Novel Non-Rodent Animal Model of Hydrochloric Acid-Induced acute and chronic lung injury.

Hydrochloric acid is one of the most prevalent and dangerous chemicals. Accidental spills occur in industrial plants or during transportation. Exposure to HCl can induce severe health impairment, including acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. We have previously described the molecular, structural, and functional aspects of the development of chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis caused by intratracheal instillation of HCl in mice. Although mouse models of human disease have many advantages, rodents are evolutionary far from human and exhibit significant anatomical and physiological differences. Genetic and anatomic similarities between rabbits and humans are significantly higher. Rabbit models of HCl-induced lung injury have been used sparsely to evaluate acute lung injury. In this study, for the first time, we utilized rabbits as a model of HCl-induced pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung injury. We present molecular, histological, and functional evidence that demonstrate the utility of using this model for studying new pharmaceutics against pulmonary fibrosis.

Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam Mengurangi Sampah Plastik dengan menggunakan teknik Ecoprint Masyarakat di Desa Sumput Sidoarjo

Ecoprint is a fabric dyeing technique using natural materials such as leaves and flowers to create unique patterns and colors. This technique is an environmentally friendly alternative compared to conventional methods that use dangerous chemicals. Apart from producing aesthetic products, ecoprint also reduces waste and energy consumption. This research explores the use of ecoprint in making tote bags, by utilizing waste cassava leaves and papaya leaves. On July 31 and August 4 2024, the Business Plan Socialization Program (SIBAL) in Sumput Village involved PKK cadres and mothers. Activities include explanations, practice, questions and answers, and giving prizes. The results show participants' enthusiasm in learning ecoprint techniques, as well as increased understanding of environmental benefits and business potential. In conclusion, ecoprint is a sustainable solution for environmentally friendly fashion production and supports the principles of sustainability.

Ecoprint Techniques as An Environmentally Friendly Fashion Product

The textile industry is one of the contributors to the highest amount of waste in the world. One of the wastes produced by the textile industry is liquid waste which comes from the remains of synthetic dyes which contain several dangerous chemicals. An alternative that can be done to reduce liquid waste from synthetic dyes is to switch to using natural dyes that come from plants. One technique that can be used to color textiles is the ecoprint technique. The ecoprint technique is a process for transferring color and shape to fabric through direct contact. The ecoprint technique uses materials from plant parts that contain color pigments such as leaves, flowers, bark, etc. Products produced from ecoprints can be a business opportunity because ecoprints have artistic value and high selling value. The research method used is literature study by taking reference sources in the form of international journals and national journals. The purpose of writing this article is to describe ecoprint as a business opportunity that can be generated by fashion.

Unlocking the Impact of Chemicals on the Health and Safety of Pharmaceutical Workers: A Concise Review

The paper presents a concise review of the historical development of the pharmaceutical industry and the problems related to chemical exposure on the health and safety of employees. The industry has greatly improved healthcare worldwide, but it is one of the riskiest due to problems like exposure to dangerous chemicals. Herein, we provide evidence of the health repercussions of pharmaceutical exposure. The paper notes that a diversified approach is required to address these issues. Firstly, there is a need to extensively examine and understand the degree of chemical exposure and its long-term health implications. Tighter laws are necessary to implement higher environmental and safety standards, whereas employee education and training will help to raise awareness of possible hazards. Green chemistry and sustainable methods will curb or mitigate the use of hazardous chemicals and waste generation. Moreover, there is a need to promote sustainable and safer work cultures through safer behaviours, increased public awareness, and community interaction. Pharmaceutical companies must commit to continuous enhancement of their operations, decrease the risks associated with chemical exposure, and put worker and environmental health first. This strategy contributes to a safer and more sustainable pharmaceutical future by being in line with the industry’s commitment to innovation and safety.

Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Kerja Akibat Pajanan Bahan Kimia Pada Laboratorium PT X

Laboratory workers have potential health and safety risks, health risks in laboratories are potential health and safety risks, and health risks in laboratories are related to exposure to hazardous chemicals. Chemicals often used in laboratory testing are organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene which have risks to workers' health. Chemical health risk assessments are important for assessing the potential health and safety hazards of workers using the approach cross-sectional which refers to the method Chemical Health Risk Assessment DOSH, Malaysia. Data collection was carried out qualitatively starting with identifying dangerous chemicals, then observing the use of chemicals, followed by assessing the level of health risks, and determining the adequacy of control action priority for inhalation and dermal exposures respectively. The research results at the PT show that the risk level for inhalation exposure is 12 (moderate risk) and the risk level for dermal exposure is 2 (moderate), but still requires improvement in existing risk controls.

Harnessing hyperaccumulator (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) extract for green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles: A prospective route for post-phytoremediation

Even though phytoremediation is considered a green technology for remediating heavy metals, there are some problems with the application of this technology, particularly when it comes to managing the biomass that is used. So, processing biomass needs to be given a lot of attention. This study outlined the utilization of extracts obtained from the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. Subsequently, the nanoparticle underwent testing to determine its suitability as an absorbent for heavy metals, specifically lead, as well as its efficacy as an antifungal agent against Fusarium sp. strain. The characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles involved several measurements, such as scanning electron microscopy analysis, high- and low-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and hysteresis curve acquisition. The research findings indicate that the extract from hyperaccumulators can be utilized for the synthesis of NiO, which exhibits an absorption capacity exceeding 98% and serves as an efficient antifungal agent against Fusarium sp. pathogens. The approach utilized in this study not only prioritizes "green" and sustainability factors but also takes into account the economic aspects associated with the items being manufactured. The research has important implications in two areas. Firstly, it demonstrates the utilization of natural resources (B. oleracea var. alboglabra) in the production of nickel oxide, which serves as a safer and more eco-friendly substitute for dangerous chemicals. Furthermore, it aids in the advancement of novel techniques for effectively managing biomass hyperaccumulators.

Medicinal Plants Mediated Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Remediation: A Review

Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most popular multidisciplinary topics, with applications in a wide range of fields. Despite the use of numerous nanoparticle synthesis processes such as laser ablation, mechanical milling, spinning, and chemical deposition, the process is unsuitable for continuous production due to the use of dangerous chemicals and the high cost. As a result, the need for a long-term, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible growth strategy has grown in recent years. Green synthesis is gaining huge interest as a dependable, long-lasting, and environment-friendly way to synthesize a variety of nanoparticles, different secondary metabolites including polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids present in plant extract act as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Despite several reports on the biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, catalytic, etc.), only a handful of studies have compared these activities with their chemically synthesized counterparts. The mechanism for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by Mulberry and Ficus benghalensis extracts and their characterization using analytical techniques. Additionally, applications of these metal nanoparticles like therapeutic uses, industrial catalysts, and environmental remediations are highlighted.