Lake Toba Research Articles

Effects of Climate change on temperature and precipitation in the Lake Toba region, Indonesia, based on ERA5-land data with quantile mapping bias correction

Climate change is a serious problem that can cause global variations in temperature and rainfall patterns. This global variation can affect the water availability of lakes. In this study, trends in temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area for 40 years (1981–2020) were analyzed using ERA5-Land data corrected with observation station data utilizing the quantile mapping bias correction method. Corrected ERA5-Land data were used in this study to show spatial patterns and trends. The Mann–Kendall and Sen slope tests were carried out to see the magnitude of the trend. A comparison of temperature and rainfall against their baseline period (1951–1980) was also investigated. The results of this study show that climate change has affected the trend of increasing temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area, with an increase in temperature of 0.006 °C per year and an average rainfall of 0.71 mm per year. In general, significant changes in the increase of temperature and rainfall occurred in the last decade, with an increase in temperature of 0.24 °C and rainfall of 22%. The study of the impact of climate change expected to be useful for policymakers in managing water resources in the Lake Toba area.

Tourism Development Based on Religious Moderation in the Lake Toba Region Perspective of Communication Persuasion and Social Influence

Domestic tourist objects which are considered to have attractive potential are visited by many Muslim tourists both from within and outside the country, but in reality these tourist objects pay little attention to the comfort of Muslim tourists. Visiting Lake Toba tourist destinations for Muslim tourists is not only about natural beauty, but also about halal food and comfortable places of worship. Halal tourism continues to be an interesting issue to discuss because it is a vital issue for the life of Muslims. It is very risky for Muslims when a tourist destination does not provide comfort regarding the issue of halal food and the availability of places of worship. This paper reviews the concept of religious moderation tourism which can be interpreted as the availability and fulfillment of the needs of Muslims and tourist destinations such as halal food that is not mixed with unclean food, proper places of worship, and various other facilities that are the needs of Muslims. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with tourism managers, community leaders, the Head of the Culture and Tourism Office, tourism observers and the community. The concept of moderating religious tourism in the Lake Toba area is already underway, such as hotels serving halal food cooked by Muslim workers, providing prayer rooms. However, what has not been seen is the certainty of food halalness with the existence of a halal certificate issued by the competent authority. The facts obtained in the Lake Toba area did not play much of a role in changing the attitudes and behavior of local residents to become more moderate towards foreign Muslim tourists.

Danau Toba Sebagai Unesco Global Geopark Dalam Perspektif Hukum Lingkungan

An area known as a geopark is an area that has three fundamental pillars—conservation, education, and local economic development—and includes significant geological heritage and biodiversity, as well as integrated biodiversity and culture. Development in the fields of culture and tourism is multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary and based on a synergistic system, and is expected to be able to support efforts to educate society, advance civilization, foster national unity and strengthen international friendship. Transport and changes in the cultural and tourism sectors have led to new systems that are more reliable and sustainable. However, the improvements brought about by revolution and reform have not yet reached their full potential. The waters around Lake Toba before it was designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark experienced various disturbances to the preservation of nature due to floating net cages (KJA) animal feed, reduction of land to individual ownership, arbitrariness in the form of logging and waste generated by the community originating from the restaurant business, including oil vessel., which is contaminating the lake water. Toba Government Regulation Number 37 of 2014 concerning Soil and Water Conservation as a legal basis for structuring the Lake Toba Geopark tourism area as a legal umbrella must be holistic, fundamental and partly so that water damage to the surrounding environment can be overcome. This research aimed to analyze the impact of UNESCO's designation of Lake Toba as a Geopark. This research is juridical law research by conducting data collection activities in the form of secondary data. Data analysis used a quantitative descriptive method. The research results show that the government is still trying to maintain the sustainability and beauty of the area by providing education about the ecosystem and realizing Lake Toba as a World Geopark. The government also carries out rehabilitation, reclamation and reforestation of forests to prevent landslides on critical land. It has a Lake Toba Caldera website to implement information on the Toba Caldera area. The existence of Government Regulation Number 37 of 2014 can prevent and preserve the environment around Lake Toba.

Difference Strategy Analysis Which Influences On Competitive Advantage In The Hotel Industry Around Danau Toba

This study examines the relationship between the Differentiation Strategy that has been implemented by the Melati Ш Hotel industry around Danau Toba and Competitive Advantage. The researcher proposes a conceptual framework in which the sources of Differentiation consisting of Price, Service, Size Promotion and Location are linked to Competitive Advantage. The Competitive Advantage gained by the Budget Hotel industry Ш Around Danau Toba is measured based on the occupancy rate. The empirical test uses the Multiple Regression Analysis method which is supported by an analysis of the competitive environment. The results of the study show that the variables of price, service, promotion and location have a significant effect on Competitive Advantage. While the size variable has no significant effect. Based on the analysis of Partial Determination, the results show that the factor that most influences competitive advantage is price with a coefficient of determination of 0.922. By understanding the importance of a Differentiation Strategy, Hotel Melati Ш can create a difference with its competitors, so that it is able to compete in a more competitive market. The results of the analysis show that in the Budget Hotel industry Ш there are several hotels that apply the Differentiation strategy. With this research, Hotel Melati Ш, which has differentiated itself from competitors, can further emphasize and communicate its differences

Indigenous Peoples Movement in Maintaining Living Spaces Perspective of Recognition Politics (Study on Indigenous Peoples in Lake Toba)

This study aims to explore the process of indigenous peoples' movement in Lake Toba in maintaining their living space from the perspective of political recognition. The method used in this study is qualitative, because the strength of a qualitative study is when examining the process. This study argues that the politics of recognition is an important aspect in the struggle of indigenous peoples in Lake Toba in maintaining their living space in the midst of developments carried out by corporations and the State that threaten the existence of local communities. For the community, land is ancestral heritage that needs to be maintained and is a symbol of self-esteem for them. Development that destroys and threatens their land also threatens their cultural identity. They also demanded that the values ​​of their identity as indigenous peoples be recognized by the State. Recognition is also an effective value in mobilizing citizens to carry out social movements. The relationship between the indigenous peoples' movement and the state itself, on the one hand, the state seeks to accommodate people's demands, but on the other hand, society accepts repressive measures. In this context, the state is seen as a tool for the interests of investors or corporations, because the state has the authority to make regulations, including licensing matters. This study further confirms the importance of recognition politics in the civic politics discourse. As for social movements from indigenous peoples in the form of protests to direct dialogue with the government.

Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Menentukan Rute Lokasi Wisata Danau Toba dengan Metode Simulated Annealing

Tourist sites are a natural sector in the development of economic, business, social and environmental qualities in a country. In various aspects, the growing potential of tourist sites can also have an impact on most developing countries. If a tourist location is developed, modern and maintained, it can provide more value for a country. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for visitors to find tourist sites that they don't know about around Lake Toba and make it easier for them to find routes for tourist locations they want to visit. Making available tourist sites more widely known by tourists, as well as culinary and typical souvenirs from these tourist attractions are also known to tourists. The Simulated Annealing algorithm can provide the closest route from several tourist location points and is implemented in making geographic information system applications. The results of the study in the form of a geographic information system application to determine the route to the tourist location of Lake Toba with the Simulated Annealing method can help tourists to determine the route of tourist sites that they have not yet explored and make it easier for them to go to the location they want to visit so that they can save time on their way.

Positive effect on the development regional of the Karo Regency by creative economic basic honey UMKM

The tourism industry is a potential product that is seen as having an important role in national development, so it is not surprising that Indonesia pays special attention to the tourism industry. UMKM is an expected contribution from the private sector to improve the local and national economy. One of the MSMEs that deserves to be developed in the Lake Toba area is honey UMKM. Creative economy MSMEs have a great influence on regional development, especially in the empowerment of people who do not have a job. At least the individuals in the community can meet their personal needs and stay out of poverty. The role of MSMEs is to reactivate other sectors, such as distribution and transport services, production land rental services, the manufacturing industry to make production machines, the packaging industry, advertising services (advertising), the marketing and product brand design services. With the development of tourist villages in Karo Regency, it will become an attraction for domestic and foreign tourists and support creative industries in the surrounding area, such as UMKM honey. The contribution of the creative economy in the Indonesian economy and culture with socio-cultural diversity is a source of inspiration in the development of the creative economy in Indonesia. The results of honey production at Karo Regency and its partners are currently difficult to market outside North Sumatra province due to the unappealing and unhygienic quality of honey packaging and marketing patterns that are still traditionally.

Tourism Economic Effect Sustainability of the National Strategic Area of Lake Toba Against Community Economic Improvement

Tourism Economic Effect Sustainability of the National Strategic Area of Lake Toba Against Community Economic Improvement

Analisis Bakteri Coliform pada Budidaya Ikan Batak (Neolissochilus sumatranus) di Perairan Danau Toba

Batak fish (Neolissochilus sumatranus) is an endemic fish to North Sumatra Province, especially in Lake Toba. Currently, Batak fish are categorized as endangered due to overfishing and their habitat is starting to be damaged, so conservation efforts need to be made, one of which is from microbiological analysis of water found in the aquatic environment in Batak fish farming. This study aims to determine the quality of water in Batak fish farming in terms of aquatic microbiology. This descriptive research was conducted in Lake Toba waters, using random purposive sampling at 4 stations, namely: Parapat, Ajibata, Gorat, and Haranggaol Lake Toba, North Sumatra Province. Microbiological analysis was carried out at the Water Resources Management Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. The results showed that the bacteria found in Batak fish farming in Lake Toba waters were fecal coliform bacteria with numbers at station 1 (360/100 ml), station 2 (830/100 ml), station 3 (1310/100 ml), and station 4 (1110/100 ml). In general, the quality of Batak fish aquaculture water does not meet water quality standards, because the content of fecal coliform bacteria is above the 1000/100 ml quality standard.

The Contribution of the Tourism Sector to the Regional Spatial Economy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant global changes, and one of the most affected sectors is the tourism industry. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impacts of the pandemic on tourism by comparing the spatial economic classification before and during the pandemic using four analyses, namely the regional Klassen Typology, sector approach, the Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift-Share Analysis. The processed information is secondary data from the Central Statistical Agency of Karo Regency and North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This area is one of the mainstay areas of the national economy and part of the Lake Toba Super Priority Destination. The obtained results showed that the tourism sector was classified among the fast-growing and uncompetitive sectors before the pandemic. However, during the crisis, it became a slow-growing and competitive sector.

Peran Toba Dreams Dalam Pengembangan Destinasi Wisata Danau Toba: Pendekatan Sastra Pariwisata

North Sumatra literary works have represented Lake Toba tourism phenomena in the form of natural beauty, culture, and local wisdom. However, these works still need to get more attention from any researchers who link them to another way of promoting tourism. This study aims to analyze the four tourism components in Toba Dreams' novel and the role of the novel in developing Lake Toba's tourist destination. This study used a qualitative-interpretative method with a phenomenological paradigm. In obtaining the primary data, we used text, and in collecting the secondary data, we took from the library, observation, and interview methods. All primary data, i.e., attractions, amenities, access, and ancillary services, are analyzed using mimetic and literary tourism approaches by comparing them with secondary data acquisition. The results of this study show that the novel intensely and aesthetically depicts four tourism components, imitations of reality. The novelty of this study is that the Toba Dreams novel has a dual function as a medium for stories and as a promotion of Lake Toba tourism, especially tourist destinations in the

Cooperative Learning Models in Improving Understanding of the Basics of Islam in Muslim Minority Areas

The problem in Muslim minority areas is the lack of Islamic learning, so children in these areas do not have sufficient opportunities to learn Islam. One of the Muslim minority areas facing this problem is the village of Tangga Batu 1, Lake Toba. Therefore, a community service program will be carried out to introduce Islam more broadly to children, especially knowledge of Islam, and improve their ability to read the Al-Qur’an well. The method used in solving the problems that occur is the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) method, which is an approach that wants to empower the community by starting from the assets and strengths of the community. The implementation of community service programs is direct with the community. The results of the community service program include three main things. First, learning the basics of Islam has been carried out so that many children already know the pillars of Faith and Islam well. Second, learning Iqro' runs smoothly so that children can distinguish between harf hijaiyah and long and short readings. Third, learning to improve Al-Quran reading is also carried out well so that children can read the Al-Al-Qur’an correctly, such as applying the nun sukun and mim sukun. So, after the community service program was implemented, there was a significant change in children's knowledge of Islam. They already know the basics of Islam well; their reading of harf hijaiyah is correct, and their Al-Quran reading is good.

Morphology of Travel Routes in Lake Toba

Lake Toba is the largest caldera lake in the world, so its development is included in the 5 super priority areas for the development of the tourism sector. This study aims to identify and analyze the morphology that appears in the travel routes in Lake Toba. This study uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach to explain and interpret travel routes in Lake Toba. The substance boundaries discussed in this study are components and morphological forms. The morphological component is land use, road network patterns/travel routes, and buildings (density and patterns).

The Implementation of Neo Vernacular Architecture on the Design of Information and Recreation Center of Lake Toba Tourism at Ambarita, Samosir Regency.

Tourism is one of the sectors that Indonesia relies on increasing state revenues. One of the tourist destinations that is still being developed is Lake Toba. This region has the potential to grow and compete to become world-class tourism. But in the process of development, there are still some obstacles. One of the obstacles is information services and promotion about tourism in the Lake Toba area that is still not maximized. Researchers identified the need for a facility that can accommodate promotional activities and tourism information through the design of the Tourism Information Center in the Lake Toba area, precisely in Ambarita Village, Samosir. Analysis and concept of design using an interpretation approach to Neo Vernacular Architecture. The result of this study is a design from the Lake Toba Tourism Information Center.

Vegetation Analysis of Mount Sipiso-Piso Forest Area, Merek District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra

Mount Sipiso-piso is an Old Volcanic Mountain and part of the Lake Toba Catchment Area (DTA). The location of the Forest on Mount Sipiso-piso is unique because the site of the Forest is at the top of Mount Sipiso-Piso. The area below the mountain is a dense Forest that stands in the peak area of Mount Sipiso-Piso has a role in maintaining water flows in the Mount Sipiso-Piso area, becoming a place for rainwater absorption, and maintaining ecosystem stability so that erosion or landslides do not occur in vulnerable areas. This study aimed to look at the diversity and evenness of Mount Sipiso-piso Forest vegetation types. Data analysis techniques include Important Value Index (INP), Diversity Index (H'), and Evenness Index (E). The results showed that 20 families and 23 plant species from 1539 individuals were found in the field. The Important Value Index (INP) indicates that different individuals dominate the forest community at each level. The index of the diversity of Mount Sipiso-Piso Forest vegetation is categorized as moderate in the saplings, poles, and trees class and the low category in the undergrowth, woody shrubs, and seedlings class. For the species evenness index, the category is expected in the undergrowth and seedling class, the medium type is in the woody shrub and tree class, and the high sort is in the sapling and pole class.Keywords: Sipiso-Piso Mountain, Forest, Vegetation, Diversity, Evenness.

THE ROLE OF LAND TRANSPORTATION IN SUPPORTING THE NATIONAL TOURISM STRATEGIC AREA OF LAKE TOBA

Lake Toba is a large natural lake in Indonesia located in the caldera of Mount Supervolcano. The Ajibata – Ambarita Crossing Route is one of 1 (one) of 6 (six) Crossings in the Lake Toba National Tourism Strategic Area. The 6 (six) crossing routes to Samosir Island currently in the Lake Toba National Tourism Strategic Area are the Ajibata – Ambarita Trail; Tigaras Trail – Samosir; Balige Trail – Onan Runggu; Muara – Sipinggan track; Muara Track – Onan Runggu; and the Ajibata – Tomok route. The aims of this research are: To analyze the level of fulfillment of service aspects in its implementation; and Improve wider outcomes and impacts on the development of land transportation in the Lake Toba National Tourism Strategic Area on the Ajibata - Ambarita Crossing. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study are based on SWOT analysis, the value is in a DEFENSIVE condition, namely the Threats value and Weakness value. The location of the port coordinates is in quadrant IV (Negative, Negative) which means that the port has weaknesses and threats from the internal aspects of the port.

Institutional models of natural resource management and utilization: lesson learning from Simarjarunjung tourism area, Lake Toba, Indonesia

Nature tourism is an effort to utilize natural resources that have been designated as tourist attraction objects to be targeted for tourism potential. One of the national strategic natural tourism areas around Lake Toba is Simarjarunjung. This area has an ecosystem of forest areas with very beautiful views that are managed by the community. This study aims to examine how the institutional management of natural tourism objects and the use of natural resources in the Simarjarunjung area of North Sumatra. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study present various characteristics of the institutional aspects of nature tourism management. Various advantages and disadvantages exist in the form of management institutions, such as the Association of Forest Farmers Groups (Gapoktan), Tourism Aware Groups (Pokdarwis), and individuals/volunteers. The potential of natural resources that are utilized and managed in the form of views of Lake Toba, the natural charm of the mountains, the charm of pine stands, agroforestry ecosystems, and a cool microclimate. The results of the comparison of various institutional models and the use of natural resources can be used as a reference in the development of natural tourism by managers and related stakeholders.

Environmental Conservation Based on Community Empowerment: Case Study in Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark

Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark (TCUGG) has not only geological phenomena of international geological significance value but also has outstanding universal value by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The establishment of TCUGG as a national priority and the Lake Toba Authority Agency is a serious commitment from the government to develop this region. Although it is now a super-priority tourism destination, over the last six decades, the water level of Lake Toba has decreased significantly by 2.4 cm per year from 1957 to 2016. The environmental quality index shows a decline from year to year, and environmental conditions of Lake Toba are already very severe due to various factors. The government and local communities are still running independently for the conservation agenda. This empirical research uses a mixed method of sequential explanation. The main objective of the research is to analyze the determinants of local people's choices to participate in conservation activities in TCUGG. From the research results, the significant factors that determine the local communities' participation in conservation activities are water availability, incentives, suitability of seeds, trust level for the initiator, and the success rate of previous conservation. Society does not need promises or rhetoric, especially for those who have participated before and experienced low success rates. Application of reward and punishment as an incentive for the community to participate in conservation activities and to further encourage their motivation. The main key is to serve the needs of the community in conservation practices.

The use of oil palm fruits waste brickets and manure in relationship as groundwater resistance materials to increase plant growth in critical land

The catchment area of Lake Toba geologically has soil properties that are sensitive to erosion because the land is hilly or mountainous with very steep slopes, very shallow soil solum (< 30 cm) to shallow (30-60 cm). Even though the level of rainfall in this area is quite high, the slope of the land causes the soil to easily lose ground water by the earth's gravity. Similarly, the level of erodibility is also high. The purpose of this research is to take advantage of the high potential of oil palm bunches waste which allows it to be used as a water retaining material compared to manure. To facilitate transportation, these two types of organic water retaining materials are used as briquettes. The study was structured using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK). Where each type of organic matter used 6 treatments with 6 replications, namely without using briquettes (P0) Doses of 0.25 kg, 0.50 kg, 0.75 kg, 1.00 kg and 1.25 kg, with 6 replications. The results shows that the waste briquettes of oil palm fruit bunches have the ability to hold water and increase the growth of Macadamia integrifolia plants which is the same as the ability to use manure.

The use of chicken manure, lowland peat and highland peat briquettes on the growth of Macadamia integrifolia in an arid area of Pematang Tambun Village, Simalungun Regency

The catchment area of Lake Toba continues to experience a decline in quality due to frequent fires in this area. Various recovery measures in the form of reforestation are continuously being carried out but often fail due to the difficult terrain due to the steep slope and the rapid loss of water due to gravity. The water immediately dissipates to a lower elevation leading to the lake. As a result, this condition leaves an expanse of barren area that is only overgrown with weeds. This study aimed to see whether lowland and highland peat soil can be used as a water retaining material that has the same quality as manure and to obtain the right dose of this water retaining material to support the growth of Macadamia integrifolia plants. The study was designed using 3 types of water retaining material briquettes, namely: chicken manure, lowland peat and highland peat, each of which was divided into several treatments, namely: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg/plant. The difficulty of the steep terrain makes it difficult for planting actions. Therefore, the technology of making briquettes is considered to be a solution. In addition, the conversion into briquettes gives a positive value to peat where acidic peat water can be removed so that the toxic effects of peat can be reduced. The results showed that the three types of briquettes significantly increased plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and crown area of M. integrifolia. Although the best plant growth performance was shown by the briquette dose of 1.5 kg/plant, the dose of 0.75 kg/plant seemed to have given no significant growth when compared to a dose of 1.0-1.5 kg/plant.