Damping Characteristics Research Articles

Seismic performance analysis of wood-steel frame structures

Wood and steel have different physical properties. By combining the two kinds of materials as bonded parallel beams, wood-steel frame structures can be prepared. This work considers the seismic performance of such engineering structures. Based on the Rayleigh damping model of substructures, the non-proportional damping coefficient is used to quantify the structural non-proportional damping characteristic of wood-steel frame structures. A complex mode superposition method is used to calculate seismic responses. Numerical cases showed that compared with the frame structure with upper steel and lower wood, the overall lateral performance is lower and the local lateral performance is higher for the frame structure with upper wood and lower steel. The overall lateral seismic design needs to be improved for the wood-steel frame structure with upper wood and lower steel. The local lateral seismic design needs be improved for the wood-steel frame structure with upper steel and lower wood.

Analysis of Influence of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Static Var Generators on High-Frequency Resonance in Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Farms

In Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind farms with Static Var Generators (SVGs), high-frequency resonance will be more like to occur when an unloaded cable is put into operation, which will threaten the stable operation of the wind farm. To address this issue, the influence of power outer loops on the impedance of grid-connected inverters is considered. Based on harmonic linearization, theoretical models for the sequence impedances of DFIGs, Grid-following (GFL) SVGs, and Grid-forming (GFM) SVGs are established. The correctness of the three models is verified by impedance scanning using the frequency sweep method. Through a comparative analysis of these sequence impedances, it is found that unlike the GFM SVG (which exhibits inductive impedance), the GFL SVG exhibits capacitive impedance in the high-frequency band, which leads to negative damping characteristics in the high-frequency band for the wind farm system with the grid-following SVG; thereby, the risk of high-frequency resonance also increases accordingly. On the contrary, GFM control adopted by SVGs can effectively eliminate the negative damping region in the high-frequency band for wind farms to suppress high-frequency resonance. Meanwhile, for grid-forming SVGs, the parameter variations in power synchronous loops have no significant impact on the suppressing effect of high-frequency resonance for wind farms. Finally, an electromagnetic simulation model for a DFIG-based wind farm system with an SVG is established using the StarSim-HIL (hardware-in-the-loop) experiment platform, and the simulation results validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvesting shock absorber for light truck applications

Vehicle suspension vibration is a prevalent form of oscillation, with approximately 22.5 % of automobile energy dissipated through suspension-induced vibration. This phenomenon suggests that recovering the energy dissipated by the suspension system holds significant potential. This paper introduces a novel piezoelectric energy harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) based on non-contact magnetic force for light truck applications. The vibration of the vehicle suspension system is transformed into the rotation of a ball screw, enabling the one-way high-speed output of the rotor through a one-way bearing and planetary gear mechanism. Based on the non-contact magnetic force, the piezoelectric patches generate frequent oscillations, and a novel energy harvesting circuit is designed that efficiently converts the output of multiple piezoelectric units into usable electricity. The damping and energy harvesting characteristics of the EHSA with different external and internal variables are explored. Under sinusoidal excitation of 40 mm amplitude and 0.4 Hz frequency, the EHSA achieves a maximum output power of 7.51 W, with an average output power of 1.89 W. Furthermore, under random action, the EHSA can successfully illuminate 824 LED lights, enabling the temperature and humidity sensor to function normally. These findings indicate that the proposed EHSA can effectively harness vehicle suspension vibration to power onboard self-powered appliances while offering a new design idea for integrating vibration energy harvesters into vehicles.

Enhancing energy dissipation in mortar utilizing recycled brick fine aggregate impregnated with polymer emulsion under uniaxial cyclic load

Optimizing the damping properties of materials can enhance the energy dissipation capacity of structures and mitigate the negative effects of dynamic loads on building components. This study investigated the effects of the polymer emulsion-impregnated recycled brick fine aggregate (PRBFA) replacement rate, emulsion-impregnation treatment method, and emulsion solid content on the dynamic damping properties of PRBFA-prepared mortar (PBM). Combined with microscopic tests, the enhanced damping mechanism of PBM was discussed. The results show that under the same stress amplitude, the equivalent damping ratio and loss modulus of PBM increase with the PRBFA replacement rate and emulsion solid content. The drying treatment of PRBFA demonstrates superior damping characteristics of PBM, with the equivalent damping ratio and loss modulus increased by 84.9%–129.4 % and 71.0%–117.2 %, respectively, compared to those of PBM with undried PRBFA. The damping enhancement of PBM is attributed to the weak interface between the aggregate and cement matrix, which facilitates slippage and friction. The damping layer formed between the high viscoelastic emulsion and the aggregate, or between the emulsion and the cement matrix, is conducive to energy dissipation. The optimal PRBFA replacement rate for balancing the mechanical and damping properties of PBM is between 38% and 60 %.

The analysis and prediction of nonlinear damping characteristics of partially filled all-composite honeycomb-core sandwich panels

In this paper, a comprehensive nonlinear damping prediction model of partially filled all-composite honeycomb-core sandwich panels (PF-ALHCSP) is proposed. Based on integrating high-order shear theory and Hamilton's principle, a theoretical model of the structure is established. Then, the energy equations are deduced by the finite element method. Thus, the nonlinear damping is obtained by the introduced complex modulus method. To validate the overall performance of the material and the accuracy of the theoretical model, the corresponding specimens are fabricated and a self-designed vibration testing platform is established. The results indicate that this material exhibits higher damping capacities compared to traditional metals or composite materials. To further enhance the material optimization, in conjunction with the proposed theoretical model, an investigation on the influence of three variables, filler density, honeycomb cell thickness, and panel thickness, on the structural damping characteristics across three different filling ratios is conducted. The proposed novel composite material and nonlinear damping prediction model can be adjusted according to practical applications for structural parameters, meanwhile effectively reducing material replacement frequency. The theoretical model provides a relatively accurate computational method for studying the nonlinear damping characteristics of partially filled foam honeycomb core sandwich structures, offering valuable insights for research in this field.

Experimental Study on Submerged Nozzle Damping Characteristics of Solid Rocket Motor

Acoustic instabilities in solid rocket motors (SRMs) can lead to severe performance deterioration and structural damage. Nozzle damping accounts for the main acoustic dissipation source, and it is highly dependent on geometric parameters and operating conditions. This study experimentally investigated the acoustic damping characteristics of submerged nozzles in SRMs, focusing on the effects of submerged cavity dimensions, nozzle convergent angle, throat-to-port area ratio, and mean pressure variations on the longitudinal instability. The steady-state wave decay method was used to quantify the acoustic damping, and a designed rotary valve system was employed to introduce periodic pressure oscillations in the high-pressure combustion chamber. The results revealed that a larger submerged cavity would reduce the nozzle damping efficiency, with the elimination of the submerged cavity enhancing the nozzle decay coefficient magnitude by 41.9%. Furthermore, increasing the nozzle convergent angle was found to amplify acoustic wave reflection, thereby diminishing damping performance. A linear inverse relationship was observed between the throat-to-port area ratio and the decay coefficient, with a 125% increase in the ratio resulting in a 24.3% reduction in the decay coefficient. Interestingly, despite the formation of complex vortices in the submerged cavity, the mean pressure variation presented negligible effects on acoustic damping characteristics, and its damping performance is similar to a simple nozzle without a cavity. These findings provide valuable experimental data for predicting the stability of a solid rocket motor with a submerged nozzle and offer insights into the optimization of submerged nozzle designs for higher acoustic damping in SRMs.

Evaluation of Vibration Damping Enhancement in Laminated Aluminum Sheets for Automotive Application.

In this research, the vibration damping characteristics of the laminated aluminum sheets (LAS) were evaluated in a sheet specimen and an automotive dash panel and compared with those of the monolithic aluminum sheet (MAS). The LAS was fabricated with two 5xxx series aluminum alloy (AA) sheets (AA5052-O) with a thickness of 0.7 mm by inserting an acryl-based adhesive in between. The automotive dash panels were manufactured by multi-step stamping processes for the LAS and the MAS with a similar thickness. The shaker vibration test in a sheet specimen and the impact hammer test in an automotive dash panel were conducted to measure the frequency response function (FRF) of LAS, compared with those of MAS. The results show that the frequency response function made by the LAS has less noise and fluctuation than that of the MAS in a sheet specimen and an automotive dash panel. The damping ratios in a sheet specimen and an automotive dash panel made by the LAS have higher values than those of the MAS. This proves that the LAS has better vibration damping characteristics and a larger damping effect than the MAS in a sheet specimen and an automotive dash panel.

Aerodynamic Characterization of a Hypersonic Projectile Using Acceleration-Based Measurements and Numerical Methods

Armor-piercing fin-stabilized projectiles stand out by their exceptionally high slenderness ratios and ground-level flight at super- and hypersonic speeds. As space constraints limit the integration of measurement equipment into such slender test models, nonintrusive measurement techniques become favorable. The present analysis demonstrates a renewed approach to the free-flight technique, which sets models into unconstrained flight through the test section. It enabled the evaluation of the quasi-steady drag, lift, and pitching moment characteristics, and, to some extent, also the dynamic pitch damping characteristics. An alternative to the free-flight technique is the free-oscillation technique, which limits the motion to a rotation around the center of gravity. The free-oscillation technique allowed a higher-fidelity analysis of the static and dynamic pitching moments. Both methods were based on the analysis of the accelerations derived from trajectory tracking. This acceleration-based approach enabled the evaluation of the highly nonlinear characteristics. The high slenderness of the investigated projectile leads to a significant contribution of the viscous forces to the overall drag. These viscous forces are sensitive to the laminar-turbulent boundary-layer state, as well as the thermal boundary conditions. The application of a high-resolution schlieren system enabled the assessment of the local laminar-turbulent boundary-layer state, while the use of low- and high-enthalpy testing facilities enabled the assessment of the aerothermal influence. Steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, which included laminar-turbulent transition modeling, were employed to replicate the results of the experimental efforts.

Gyroscopic rotor dynamics simulation with anisotropy of elastic and damping characteristics of the support

In the work, the differential equations of motion of the gyroscopic rotor, built taking into account the anisotropy of stiffness and damping of the flexible support, are solved analytically, by the method of harmonic balance, convenient for obtaining separately amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics in the direction of oscillations. The equations of the non-stationary process are obtained by the method of changing amplitudes. It has been found that when the linear stiffness of the elastic support is different in two orthogonal directions, two critical velocities and the corresponding resonant regions arise. In the area of each critical speed, there are two amplitude-frequency curves of oscillations of the main direction and the direction perpendicular to it, respectively. The geometric nonlinearity of damping suppresses the elevations of these amplitude-frequency curves more significantly than linear damping. If only one of the two directions has a damping nonlinearity, then its effect is on the amplitude-frequency curves of the corresponding critical speed. It is more efficient to control resonant amplitudes for smooth resonant transitions by enhancing the linear damping with geometrically nonlinear damping. The results of the analytical solution of the equations of motion agree well with the results of direct modeling and experimental studies.

Vibroacoustic suppression of sandwich plates with imperfect acoustic black hole

Acoustic black holes (ABHs) have recently been revealed as an effective vibration-control technology. However, owing to their disadvantages such as low stiffness, structural discontinuity and manufacturing difficulties, ABHs are limited in terms of their practical application. Therefore, a multilayer composite sandwich plate with filled imperfect-ABH (F-IABH) is proposed in this study to attenuate the vibration and sound radiation of the multilayer sandwich plate, as well as to enhance its bearing capacity and maintain its topological continuity. The structural-damping characteristics and vibroacoustic response of F-IABH are determined using a semi-analytical wave propagation model developed based on symplectic and discrete radiation model methods. The accuracy and effectiveness of the analytical model are validated using the finite-element method. The results show that the F-IABH can achieve broadband vibration-attenuation and noise-reduction effects, and their vibration and noise reduction effects are significantly better than those of ABH structures. Additionally, the wave-damping characteristics of uniform, ABH, and F-IABH plates are analyzed. The results show that the wave damping of the F-IABH plate is much higher than that of the uniform plate, and that it generates more propagative waves to dissipate energy. Additionally, the damping-attenuation characteristics of each wave in the F-IABH and ABH plates exhibit similar variations. However, owing to the large variation range of the wave-mode damping characteristics of the F-IABH plate, the control effect of the latter on structural vibration and acoustic radiation is more significant than that of the ABH plate.

Self-excited force characteristics and flow mechanisms of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder in torsional vortex-induced vibration and flutter

In this paper, the self-excited force characteristics, flow rules and vibration mechanisms of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder in torsional vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and flutter were investigated through wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. The nonlinearity of the self-excited lifting moment is not monotonous but exhibits a peak within a specific reduced wind speed and amplitude range. The amplitude-dependent characteristics of dimensionless work and aerodynamic damping are the primary reasons for non-divergent vibration, which is mainly influenced by the amplitude-dependent phase difference. The reduced wind speed significantly affects the formation zone length and convection speed of the leading-edge vortex, thereby determining the distribution of surface pressure phase difference and dimensionless work. As the reduced wind speed increases, there is a positive and negative alternation in dimensionless work, leading to the occurrence of torsional VIV and flutter. While the torsional amplitude does not affect the distribution of phase difference, it merely influences the formation zone length, resulting in amplitude-dependent dimensionless work and accounting for the non-divergent vibration. The characteristics of vortex convection, pressure phase variation and dimensionless work of the 5:1 rectangular cylinder in torsional VIV and flutter follow similar rules, indicating that the two vibration forms share the same inherent essence.

The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping.

This study explores the damping effects of ram horn ridges on mechanical impacts resulting from ramming. We measured the amplitudes and frequencies of ridges along the axial (pitch) direction of the ridges of ram horns obtained from eight specimens across six different species. While the horns shared a similar spiral-shaped pattern with surface ridges, our findings show variations among the horns, including ridge spacing and growth trends. Additionally, we employed finite element analysis (FEA) to compare a ridged horn model with a non-ridged counterpart to provide an understanding of the damping characteristics of the surface ridges. Our FEA results reveal that the ridged horn decreased the initial ramming pressure by 20.7%, increased the shear stress by 66.9%, and decreased the axial strain by 27.3%, the radial strain by 16.7%, and the shear strain by 14.3% at a 50 ms impact duration compared to those of the non-ridged horn. The damping ratio was increased by 7.9% because of the ridges. This study elucidates three primary functions of the different species of ram horns' spirals and ridges: (1) to transfer longitudinal waves into shear waves, (2) to filter shear waves, and (3) to stabilize the structure by mitigating excessive strain.

Dual-mode Shear Horizontal / Rayleigh-like surface-acoustic-wave configuration on lithium niobate 64° Y-cut

Technologies based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) find widespread use in wireless communications, signal processing, and sensing applications. In this study, we present an innovative dual-mode SAW configuration using a 64° Y-cut lithium niobate (LN) substrate. The conventional setup, employing interdigital transducers (IDTs) oriented along the crystal X-axis, is known for generating the shear horizontal mode (SH-SAW) with in-plane polarization. Conversely, by utilizing IDTs oriented perpendicular to the X-axis, we introduce effective excitation of a Rayleigh-like SAW (R-SAW), a novel achievement in our research. Through finite element simulations and electro-mechanical analyses, we comprehensively characterize these modes in terms of frequencies, polarizations, propagation losses, and temperature coefficients. Furthermore, we investigate their interaction with liquids by analyzing damping characteristics and acoustic streaming effects using particle image velocimetry (PIV). SH-SAWs exhibit a leaky displacement during propagation with minimal damping in liquids, resulting in weak acoustic streaming—ideal for real-time sensing applications in wet environments. In contrast, non-leaky R-SAWs, characterized by a strong displacement component normal to the surface, exhibit enhanced acoustic streaming, facilitating microfluidic operations. Additionally, R-SAWs demonstrate high sensitivity to mass loading, making them optimal for real-time sensing in dry environments. The ability to generate both SAW modes on the same substrate offers the potential to develop fully electrical-driven, multifunctional integrated sensing platforms with SAW-driven microfluidic capabilities. This unique capability promises novel solutions in bio-sensing, leveraging the complementary strengths of the two acoustic modes in detection and sample handling.

Impact of CuO nanoparticles on the viscosity and vibration damping characteristics of shock absorber oil

This study investigates the potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as additives to enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping characteristics of shock absorber oil. Shock absorbers play a critical role in vehicle safety and handling by mitigating vibrations from road irregularities. However, their effectiveness deteriorates over time. To address this, CuO nanoparticles were explored for their ability to improve lubricant performance. Nano-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles at varying concentrations of 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 1.5 wt% in a base oil using ultrasonication. The novelty of this research lies in the innovative use of CuO nanoparticles to significantly enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping properties of shock absorber oil. The viscosity of these nano-lubricants increased significantly, with the 1 wt% CuO nano-lubricant achieving a 20% increase at 25 °C compared to the base oil, indicating improved load-carrying capacity and potential friction reduction. Vibration damping performance was evaluated using a dedicated shock absorber test rig. The nano-lubricants exhibited reduced overall vibration acceleration compared to plain oil, with a 15% improvement in damping effectiveness at the optimal CuO concentration. However, the transmissibility ratio, a key damping metric, did not show significant variation, suggesting that traditional shock absorber designs might require modifications to fully leverage the benefits of CuO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to enhance the viscosity and damping characteristics of shock absorber oil, leading to improved performance at lower temperatures.

Modeling and identification of hysteresis of marine damper considering shock environment based on evolutionary sparrow search algorithm

The mechanical properties of marine dampers are usually highly nonlinear in order to adapt to dynamic and shock environments. The dampers are subjected to dynamic and shock tests and the hysteresis curves are found to be rate-dependent and asymmetric. To be able to describe the dynamic hysteresis and shock hysteresis, a rate-dependent generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii (RDGPI) model is proposed based on the generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii (GPI) model, which is a hybrid of the GPI model and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Due to the large number of parameters in the model, thus aiming to improve the effect of parameter identification, an evolutionary sparrow search algorithm mixed with sparrow search algorithm and differential evolutionary algorithm is proposed. Compared with other algorithms, sparrow search algorithm is verified to have ideal optimization effect and convergence speed, and it is not easy to fall into the local optimum. Finally, the RDGPI model is experimentally verified, and the results show that the prediction error of the RDGPI model for dynamic hysteresis is within 0.06 kN, and the prediction error for shock hysteresis is within 0.8 kN, which is capable of describing the rate-dependent characteristics of the damper hysteresis. And it has a very good generalization ability, which makes it very suitable to be used in the modeling of the mechanical characteristics of the marine damper.

Forced-Vibration Characteristics of Bowtie-Shaped Honeycomb Composite Sandwich Panel with Viscoelastic Damping Layer.

The incorporation of viscoelastic layers in laminates can markedly enhance the damped dynamic characteristics. This study focuses on integrating viscoelastic layers into the composite facesheet of the bowtie-shaped honeycomb core composite sandwich panel (BHC-CSP). The homogenization of the damped BHC-CSP is performed by employing the variational asymptotic method. Based on the generalized total energy equation, the energy functional of the representative unit cell of the damped BHC-CSP is asymptotically analyzed. The warping function, derived following the principle of minimum potential energy, provides a basis for obtaining the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation to ascertain the equivalent elastic properties of the damped BHC-CSP. Utilizing the developed two-dimensional equivalent model, the free-vibration characteristics of the damped BHC-CSP are examined across diverse boundary conditions while delving into the impact of an external viscous damping layer on the natural frequency of the damped BHC-CSP. The results reveal that intensified boundary constraints effectively diminish the effective vibration region of the damped BHC-CSP, thereby enhancing its overall stability. The introduction of a PMI foam layer proves effective in adjusting the stiffness and mass distribution of the damped BHC-CSP. Resonance characteristics are explored through frequency and time-domain analyses, highlighting the pivotal roles of the excitation position and receiver point in influencing the displacement and velocity responses. Although the stiffness is improved by incorporating a PMI foam layer, its effect on the damping performance of the damped BHC-CSP is minimal when compared to the T-SW308 foam layer.

Influence of Lubrication Cycle Parameters on Hydrodynamic Linear Guides through Simultaneous Monitoring of Oil Film Pressure and Floating Heights

Hydrodynamic linear guides in machine tools offer a high load capacity and excellent damping characteristics, improving stability, precision, and vibration reduction. This study builds on previous research where floating heights were verified with a simulation model limited to measured floating heights. Advancements include incorporating pressure sensors into a fixed steel rail, enabling simultaneous measurement of oil film pressure and floating heights for a comprehensive understanding of lubrication conditions within the lubrication gap. The experimental results explore the effects of different lubrication methods, providing valuable insights into cavitation and lubrication adequacy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing pressure sensors to measure oil film pressure within the lubrication gap, providing a nuanced understanding of lubrication dynamics. By measuring both floating heights and pressure measurement, distinctions between hydrodynamic lubrication, mixed friction regions, and instances of lubricant deficiency become readily discernible. The variations in real-time oil film pressure and floating heights help to optimize the lubrication cycle for hydrodynamic linear guides, enhancing system performance and longevity.

Tailoring the vibration characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid in fused filament fabrication process

The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process has gained significant attention for its ability to manufacture parts using advanced polymeric materials, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (CF-PLA). By adjusting the printing process parameters of the CF-PLA, the optimized mechanical properties can be achieved with less chances of flaws. Structural integrity of the components plays an important role in analyzing the durability of the product which can be analyzed using modal analysis. This research study focuses on analyzing the effect of process parameters on the vibration damping characteristics of CF-PLA components produced by the FFF process. The Taguchi method is used to model the relationship between process parameters and vibration performance metrics. Based on the vibration study, the optimal process parameters were determined as 60% infill density, 0.08 mm slice thickness, and hexagonal pattern. This study shows that the natural frequency and damping increases with increase in infill percent but decreases with increase in slice thickness. The closely aligned values between the predicted and experimental results suggest that the developed model is effective in predicting the vibration characteristics of CF-PLA composites. By accurately adjusting the process parameters, the study’s findings—such as frequencies and damping ratio—provide manufacturers with important and dependable CF-PLA Fused Deposition Modeling components.

Rail pad damping characteristics in track vibration reduction evaluated through hammer tests and theoretical analysis

Although the majority of existing research addresses the stiffness characteristics of rail pads, the considerable impact of damping on vibration reduction underscores its significant research importance. In this study, the hammer test and theoretical calculation are both employed to assess the damping capacity across three rail pad types: prismatic (PRP), grooved (GRP), and mesh-type high-damping (MTHDRP). Through the hammer test, the MTHDRP notably surpassed GRP and PRP, achieving higher damping ratios by 51.40 % and 49.71 %, respectively, leading to significant vibration reductions in the track bed and rail. Comparison tests between three types of rail pads highlighted the enhanced performance of the MTHDRP, as it not only reduced vibration amplitudes and enhanced decay rates but also decreased vibration levels by 2−5 dB. Moreover, we established a refined finite element model of the fastener system and integrated it with the Logarithmic Decay Rate (LDR) method. Our findings demonstrate that this combination facilitates the calculation of the damping ratio of the rail pad. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis between the LDR method and the envelope method, confirming its superior efficiency and reliability. Finally, the LDR method is used to predict the damping ratio of the rail pad with varying stiffness, showing that the softer the rail pad, the higher the corresponding damping ratio. Overall, our insights bridge the gap in theoretical calculations and experimental studies on rail pad damping characteristics, offering crucial guidance for rail pad selection in track vibration mitigation.

Frequency-Dependent Bouc–Wen Modeling of Magnetorheological Damper Using Harmonic Balance Approach

Magnetorheological dampers (MRDs) are of great interest in engineering due to their continuously adjustable damping characteristics. Accurate models are essential for optimizing MRDs and analyzing system dynamics. However, conventional methods widely overlook the impact of excitation frequency and amplitude. To address this issue, this work proposes a modified Bouc–Wen model that can be adapted to various excitation conditions. The model’s parameters depend on the current, excitation frequency, and amplitude. The mechanical characteristics of the MRD were analyzed by the tests. The parameters in the Bouc–Wen model were identified by combining the harmonic balance method and the genetic algorithm. The modified Bouc–Wen model was established by analyzing the variation of each parameter with current, excitation frequency, and amplitude. Finally, the agreement between the modified prediction model and the test results was verified under sinusoidal excitation of 80 mm and 1 Hz. The average relative errors were 3.87%, 2.82%, 2.45%, 2.19%, and 3.27% for current excitations of 0 A, 0.5 A, 1 A, 1.5 A, and 2.0 A, respectively. Since the MRD in this paper operates from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz, the modified model was validated in the same range. Experiments demonstrate that the modified Bouc–Wen model efficiently and accurately describes the mechanical properties of the MRD under various excitation conditions.