Damage To Ecosystems Research Articles

Community Based Management Of Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems In Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi

Mangrove ecosystems are a form of important role in maintaining the stability of the coastal environment that has ecological, physical and economic-social functions so as to provide interaction between people who live in mangrove areas. efforts in managing sustainable mangrove ecosystems in order to provide carrying capacity to all parties so as to identify, analyze, determine the needs and potential of natural resources in mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove ecosystem damage is caused by two things, namely community activities and natural factors so as to prevent degradation, the application of sustainable mangrove ecosystem management is carried out optimally to preserve mangroves. The study aims to determine the observation of ecosystems and community concepts in sustainable mangrove management in Kendari City. This research method uses descriptive quantitative with sampling techniques using cluster sampling and direct observation data collection. The results of this study indicate that the results of observations from two areas in Kendari City, namely mangroves in the Nambo area with observations of natural / bio and physical environment score range 23 is quite fulfilling for mangrove management while mangroves in the Bungkutoko area score range 37 is very fulfilling said to be sustainable for mangrove management and the results of the questionnaire statement regarding the concept of management descriptively shows community-based sustainable ecosystem management strongly agrees to be well implemented and can be said to be sustainable in mangrove ecosystem management Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi.

The Dilemma of Deforestation in Indonesia: The Perspective of Buya Hamka and Quraish Shihab (Comparative Study of Al Misbah Interpretation & Al Azhar Interpretation)

This research is motivated by the increasingly complex environmental problems in Indonesia, such as deforestation, water and air pollution, ecosystem damage, and the significant impacts of climate change. The environmental crisis is not only caused by inappropriate policies, but also by the low public awareness of the importance of preserving nature. In this context, Islamic thought derived from the Qur'an is relevant to provide moral and practical solutions. This study examines the wisdom of two great Indonesian scholars, Buya Hamka and Quraish Shihab, through their tafsir works, Tafsir Al-Azhar and Tafsir Al-Misbah, which contain views on the relationship between humans and nature. This comparative study aims to identify the relevance of the interpretations of the two figures in answering contemporary environmental problems in Indonesia. Although there are differences in methodology in interpretation, both Buya Hamka and Quraish Shihab emphasize the importance of environmental ethics and human responsibility as caliphs on earth. In conclusion, their interpretations not only have theological value, but also provide relevant practical guidelines for addressing environmental challenges in Indonesia.

The role of mosses in 'clean and green' phytoremediation technology: a review paper.

Phytoremediation, the practice of removing heavy metals from contaminated sites using plants, has emerged as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly green technology to restore damaged ecosystems. Mosses, in particular, demonstrate high phytoremediation potential due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, chromium, cadmium, and iron from contaminated soil and water. This review systematically examines 37 research articles published from 2000 to 2022, focusing on the on the use of mosses for phytoremediation. Moss species, such as Funaria hygrometrica Hedw, Scopelophila cataractae (Mitten) Brotherus, Dicranum scoparium Hedw, Dicranum polysetum Sw. ex anon, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw, Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt, Barbula constricta Mitt, and Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. have been identified as ideal candidates for phytoremediation efforts. Specific species of mosses, such as Dicranum species, are noted for their excellent bioaccumulation capabilities of elements like vanadium, manganese, and rubidium, serving as indicators of air pollution. Additionally, Hypnum cupressiforme has proven to be a reliable indicator of sulfur dioxide in natural and anthropogenic sources. This comprehensive review highlights the significant phytoremediation potential of mosses, emphasizing their role as valuable bioaccumulators and indicators of heavy metals and pollutants. The findings highlight the necessity of further research to enhance the application of mosses in environmental management and remediation strategies, ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable and effective solutions for pollution control.

Ecosystem damage by increasing tropical cyclones

Climate change is driving an ongoing increase in tropical cyclone (TC) activity. While global economic losses are projected to double by 2100, there are no comparable predictions for TC impacts to coastal ecosystems that protect and sustain human lives and livelihoods. Here, rising North Atlantic TC (NATC) activity from 1970 to 2019, influenced by anthropogenic and natural climate forcing, is used to study the ecosystem impacts of intensifying TCs, potentially indicative of broader future climate change scenarios. Analysis of 97 NATC landfalls revealed 891 immediate post-storm impacts on ecosystems, with particularly detrimental effects on mangrove forests. Specifically, NATCs reduced the performance of individual species. Additionally, they altered community structure and processes through impacts on foundation species and their associated organisms. The severity of impacts was directly correlated with NATC landfall intensity (wind speed) for mangroves, whereas changes to waves, surge, sediments, and salinity caused most impacts on coral reefs, salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and oyster reefs (respectively), indicating complex intensity-damage interactions for many ecosystems. The analyses also revealed a positive correlation between very intense NATC activity and ecosystem damages. The research highlights a concerning trend of escalating impacts on coastal ecosystems under rising storm intensities, with the potential to challenge ecosystem resilience.

Agricultural irrigation development in Castilla y León (Spain): driving forces and outcomes for landscape and sustainability in the 21st century

ContextAgriculture relies on irrigation in many parts of the world, and the need for irrigation is increasing due to rising demands for agricultural products and climate change-induced alterations in rainfall patterns. However, irrigated agriculture has been found to damage ecosystems and threaten landscape sustainability.ObjectivesAgainst this background, there has been a recent development towards large-scale irrigation in Spain. The aim of this study is to understand this development at the landscape level and its impact in the context of landscape sustainability.MethodsWe focused on two study sites in Castilla y León using a mixed-methods approach. We studied driving forces, landscape changes, and sustainability outcomes through document analysis, interviews, and aerial photograph analysis.ResultsThe development of a landscape-level underground pipe network took place at one study site and is planned for the second study site. Interviewees perceived institutional and social driving forces as particularly influential and technological driving forces as less influential. Political and economic driving forces were often interlinked. The irrigation development tied to land consolidation led to landscape changes, such as the removal of trees and increases in field size. Thus, in terms of environmental sustainability, trade-offs were found, while social sustainability outcomes were mainly positive. The impact on farmers’ economic security varied.ConclusionsFor further landscape-level irrigation developments, we recommend integrating preserving seminatural habitats and the structural diversity of the agricultural landscape in planning processes. We also recommend a shift towards more water efficient crops, evapotranspiration management, and a new funding scheme for farmers to offset rising electricity costs.

Removal of Radioactive Co(II) and Sr(II) using (Co0.5Zn0.5)Fe2O4 Nanoparticles Co-doped with Barium and Antimony

Radioactive pollution poses significant environmental and health risks, including increased cancer rates, genetic mutations, and ecosystem damage, making the removal of radioactive ions from water crucial. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles are promising adsorbents for this purpose owing to their magnetic and adsorption properties. Herein, the novel synthesis of (Co0.5−xZn0.5−xBaxSbx)Fe2O4 nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) is reported as an effective solution for adsorbing radioactive Co(II) and Sr(II) ions. Co-doping with Ba and Sb enhances the structural stability, magnetic behavior, and adsorption efficiency of these nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed sample purity with minimal hematite phase, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the spinel structure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed spherical morphology and indicated that increasing x from 0.00 to 0.10 reduced crystallite and grain sizes of nanoparticles from 11.28 to 6.49 nm and 24.47 to 10.88 nm, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed pure elemental compositions and the successful substitution of host ions with dopant ions in the nanoparticles, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis provided insights into the chemical oxidation states. Vibrating sample magnetometer results indicated soft ferromagnetic behavior. In adsorption experiments, we examined contact time (0–180 min), pH (2–10), adsorbent dosage (0.04–0.10 g), initial ion concentration (10–250 mg.L−1), and temperature (293–313 K) to determine their effects on adsorption efficiency and optimize conditions for maximum contaminant removal. Nanoparticles with x = 0.06 exhibited the highest ion-removal efficiencies, achieving 88.3% for Co(II) and 96.3% for Sr(II) after contact time of 180 min, with maximum efficiencies observed at pH 8 for Co(II) and pH 6 for Sr(II). Co(II) adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm, while Sr(II) adsorption adhered to the Temkin model. Kinetics for both ions conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating the potential of Ba and Sb co-doped ferrite nanoparticles for efficient radioactive-water purification.

Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Keanekaragaman Hayati: Literature Review

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges faced by ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. This research examines climate change's impact on biodiversity through a comprehensive literature review. By collecting and analyzing various previous studies, this research identifies patterns of change in flora and fauna species in response to changing climate variables, such as temperature, rainfall, and the frequency of extreme weather events. Literature results show that many species experience changes in distribution, behavior and reproductive timing, which have the potential to disrupt ecosystem interactions and damage ecological balance. This research also discusses the impact of climate change on natural habitats and the conservation efforts needed to protect biodiversity. These findings highlight the urgency of taking effective mitigation and adaptation measures to maintain biodiversity amidst the increasing challenges of climate change.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendeteksi Kebakaran Hutan Menggunakan Drone Berbasis Computer Vision

The danger of forest and land fires in Indonesia is a serious threat that continues to recurevery year. According to U.S. data Fire Service, there are more than 700 forest fires everyyear burning more than 7 million hectares of land. These fires not only damage ecosystems,but also cause the loss of important biodiversity. Many of Indonesia's endemic flora andfauna have fallen victim, increasing the risk of extinction. The use of UAVs can also changedisaster management. This technology can be integrated with early warning systems basedon analytical data and artificial intelligence, increasing the accuracy of fire predictions andmore proactive responses. Thus, the application of this technology is not just a temporarysolution, but a long-term strategic step to maintain environmental sustainability andcommunity welfare. Technological solutions such as UAVs and cooperation betweenvarious parties are needed to overcome this challenge effectively. The aim of this researchis to create a computer vision-based system that uses deep learning algorithms, especiallyYou Only Look Once (YOLO), to detect forest fires quickly and accurately. In mitigating forest fire disasters, early detection of hotspots is an important step to prevent fires fromspreading to other areas and reduce the damage caused by fires to humans and theenvironment. To achieve the objectives of this study, several actions were taken. First,forest fire image data is collected and processed for use in training the YOLO model. Next,the model is trained using a dataset that covers various forest fire conditions, such as fireintensity, time of day, and weather conditions, to ensure that the model can find firehotspots in various conditions.

The Impact Of Sea Sand Mining On The Environment And Economy In Bawean Island

This study analyzes the impact of sea sand mining on the environment and local economy in Bawean Island. Located in the Java Sea and part of Gresik Regency, East Java Province, Bawean Island is renowned for its biodiversity and natural beauty. Both legal and illegal sea sand mining have caused various problems, including increased coastal abrasion and erosion, degradation of seawater quality, damage to coral reef ecosystems and mangrove forests, and beach pollution. The economic impacts include a decline in fish catches, reduced tourism appeal, and social conflicts between pro-environment communities and mining parties. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive, employing literature review for data collection. The findings indicate that sea sand mining results in serious ecosystem damage and adversely affects the economic well-being of local communities. To address these issues, recommended measures include reviewing local regulations, reassessing environmental permits, revoking non-compliant mining licenses, developing alternative economies, planting mangroves, promoting the benefits of mangroves, and adopting an interagency approach. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable natural resource management and marine ecosystem protection to ensure the well-being of Bawean Island's communities.

LC3 cementitious binder incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials for self-defrosting traffic surfaces

Exposed surfaces of bridge decks, viaducts and pavements incur ice formation and accumulation of snow in cold seasons, which threatens traffic safety. Mitigating this problem using traditional methods such as deicing salts have caused ecosystem damage and inflicted substantial reinforcement corrosion and surface scaling to bridge decks and pavements, thus compromising their service life and causing colossal economic loss. This paper presents an alternative solution to overcome this problem through the development of a sustainable LC3 cementitious material incorporating micro-encapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) with low phase transition temperature to delay the surface temperature drop and mitigate snow accumulation and ice formation. MEPCM was incorporated in the cementitious matrix at 0 %, 10 % and 20 % by binder mass. Paste and mortar mixtures were prepared to investigate the microstructural, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. Test results showed that incorporating MEPCM in the LC3 matrix achieved adequate compressive strength. Thermal simulations and visual observations conducted on mortar samples in the laboratory and outdoor exposure showed that MEPCM can effectively regulate the surface temperature of the LC3 matrix and mitigate temperature drops as well as snow accumulation. Analysis of temperature data in the 2023–2024 winter season of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada indicated that the MEPCM incorporated in mortar samples could effectively regulate 40 % of the total days considered and mitigate surface ice formation and snow accumulation, which provides both economic and environmental benefits.

Fragmentation of native forest surrounding protected areas in Brazil: the case of the Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park in Brejo Paraibano

The creation of protected areas is the main mechanism for biodiversity conservation in Brazil. The Mata do Pau-Ferro State Park, located in the Brejo Paraibano region, protects an important fragment of the Atlantic Forest and in its surroundings there are activities that damage ecosystems, such as livestock farming. The aim was therefore to assess forest fragmentation in the park’s buffer zone and analyse its influence on the park. We found 516 fragments, totalling 2102.20 ha, of which 98.64% are smaller than 50 ha. There is a predominance of rounded shapes and expressive areas affected by edge effects. Finally, the Distance to the Nearest Neighbour was an average of 39.43 m. In the context observed integration systems between livestock and forest can reduce impacts on biodiversity. Similar results have been found for arbitrary delimitations, but have not yet been reported for a buffer zone delimited through the Management Plan in Brazil.

Evaluation of the Ecosystem Services Value of Agricultural Industrial Parks under the Background of Tianfu Granary Construction - A Case Study of the Daoming and Longxing Districts in Chongzhou City

In the new era, China faces two major challenges of food security and ecological protection. The agricultural industrial parks constructed in the process of developing the Tianfu Granary play a significant role in China's food supply and ecological security as a special type of farmland ecosystem. Accurately calculating the value of ecosystem services in agricultural industrial parks is of great importance for achieving sustainable agricultural development and comprehensively realizing rural revitalization. This paper takes the Daoming and Longxing Agricultural Industrial Parks in Chongzhou City as the research subjects, constructs an evaluation index system for ecosystem service value, and assesses and calculates the supply, support, regulation, and cultural services of the agricultural industrial parks. The research findings show that the total value of ecosystem services reaches 260.64 million yuan, which is 4.65 times the value of the agricultural products supplied, and its significant ecosystem service value cannot be ignored. Among the ecosystem service values of the park, the cultural service value is the highest, followed by the social security service value. Based on the above conclusions, this paper discusses how to achieve high-standard construction of agricultural industrial parks, providing a scientific basis for the government and policymakers to make correct decisions in the rational use of resources, reduce and avoid short-term economic behaviors that damage ecosystem service functions, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

THE ROLE OF 4OCEAN IN CLEANING UP OF MARINE DEBRIS IN BALI IN 2022-2023

The garbage piled up in the ocean can be caused by household waste and increasing marine tourism and shipping activities. The increase of marine debris is an international case because it has impacted the global climate crisis resulting in the damage of marine ecosystems. Those large impacts caused by pollution in the ocean prompted many parties to make regulations regarding the marine debris crisis. In carrying out its project, 4ocean cleans up the garbage by transporting it from rivers, coasts, and the ocean, then brings it to the land and processes it into recycled products. The 4Ocean teams work using environmentally friendly equipment. 4Ocean cleans the ocean by removing around one million pounds of garbage every month. This project can help the government tackle the marine waste crisis. The method used in this research is a literature study where the author collects data through previous writings and searches for data from the internet. This research aims to look at the role of international organizations as one of the actors in international relations in dealing with the waste crisis.

Influence of Agro-Industrial Waste on Unconfined Compression Strength Parameters of Expansive Soil: An Experimental Investigation

Expansive soils pose a significant challenge in construction due to their potential to cause structural damage through its swelling and shrinking characteristics. Simultaneously, the disposal of numerous industrial and agricultural wastes poses challenges that contribute to environmental ecosystem damage. This experimental study explores the effect of agro-industrial waste on the mechanical properties of expansive soil. Specifically, the impact of incorporating agro-industrial waste materials, such as bagasse ash, plastic strips, and coir fiber, is investigated through assessments of unconfined compression strength. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted to examine various parameters of different combinations involving expansive soil, bagasse ash, coir fiber, and plastic strips. The results demonstrated notable improvements in Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS), particularly when incorporating a specific combination of 10% Bagasse Ash, 0.5% Plastic Strips, and 0.75% Coir Fiber) which resulted in a remarkable 49% increase in UCS. The findings show that including plastic strips enhances UCS by 2%, Coir Fiber improves it by 5%, and a combination of Bagasse Ash, plastic strips, and Coir Fiber leads to a 7% increase in UCS. The study on incorporating agro-industrial waste materials, such as bagasse ash, plastic strips, and coir fiber, reveals substantial improvements in the mechanical properties of expansive soil. This study contributes to the sustainable utilization of agro-industrial waste for soil improvement, offering a promising avenue for eco-friendly geotechnical solutions. Future work could explore the long-term performance and scalability of these materials in various soil conditions.

Environmental Outcomes of Reducing Medication Waste by Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs

Medications are associated with substantial environmental outcomes, yet frequently end up being unused by patients. Waste-minimizing interventions, such as redispensing of quality-approved oral anticancer drugs remaining unused by patients at home, could reduce the environmental footprint of cancer treatment. To assess the environmental outcomes of redispensing quality-assured oral anticancer drugs and to explore how redispensing could be environmentally optimized. In this quality improvement study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed in the outpatient pharmacy of 4 Dutch hospitals, based on a prospective multicenter trial comprising 1071 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cancer and an active prescription for an oral anticancer drug stored at room temperature from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with a follow-up of 12 months per patient. Participants received prescribed oral anticancer drugs with additional quality-assurance materials (ie, seal bags and time-temperature indicators), so the pharmacy could redispense quality-assured drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life, and/or adequate storage. The estimated environmental outcomes avoided due to waste reduction (ie, production and transport and incineration of redispensed oral anticancer drugs) corrected for outcomes of process burdens (ie, quality assurance materials), quantified in 3 outcome measures: human health damage (disability-adjusted life-years), ecosystems damage (species × year), and climate change (kg of carbon dioxide equivalent [CO2-eq]) per patient per year. A volunteer sample of 1071 patients (median age, 70 years [IQR, 62-75 years]; 622 men [58.1%]) participated in the intervention. Redispensing oral anticancer drugs was initially associated with an environmental burden, mainly because of the high impact of time-temperature indicators. However, when quality-assurance materials were selectively used for temperature-sensitive oral anticancer drugs (ie, maximum storage temperature of 25 °C), redispensing was environmentally beneficial to human health and ecosystems, providing estimated climate benefits of 1.9 kg (95% CI, 1.4-2.6 kg) of CO2-eq per patient per year. In this quality improvement study, redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs was found to be a suitable strategy to reduce waste and improve environmental sustainability of cancer treatment after process optimization. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs could contribute to sustainability of cancer treatment through reduced costs and environmental outcomes.

Assessment of mangrove health based on pressure–state–response framework in Guangxi Beibu Gulf, China

Mangroves, primarily found along tropical and subtropical coastlines, are crucial ecosystems that offer significant ecological services, including coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity support. However, these ecosystems are under severe threat from human activities such as aquaculture, agriculture, and urban development, leading to deforestation and degradation. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for assessing the health of mangrove ecosystems using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model with annual temporal resolution from 2019 to 2023. It consists of three dimensions: Pressure (human activities and natural factors affecting the ecosystem), State (current condition of the ecosystem), and Response (efforts to mitigate adverse effects and restore health). This study incorporates innovative physical and structural parameters alongside traditional indicators to improve the accuracy of the assessment. The method offers advantages such as ease of measurement, low cost, early warning capabilities for ecosystem damage, and high sensitivity to ecological changes. It provides valuable insights for decision-makers and enhances the ability to detect trends in mangrove health over time through a large-scale, multi-temporal analysis. Using remote sensing techniques and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), we identified 12 key indicators. The AHP method was used to determine the weight of each indicator, achieving a consistency ratio (CR) of less than 0.1, which ensures the reliability of the assessment. The evaluation included calculating and analysing the Comprehensive Health Index (CHI), Pressure (PHI), State (SHI), and Response (RHI) health indices. Results indicated that the mangrove ecosystems in the Beibu Gulf region were “healthy” state by 2019 through 2022. However, in 2023, the health status declined to “relatively healthy,” indicating a downward trend. In conclusion, this study presents a robust framework for assessing mangrove ecosystem health using the PSR model. The findings underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to reverse the declining health trend and ensure the long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems in the Beibu Gulf.

URGENSI PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DI ERA REVORMASI 4.0

In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, environmental preservation has a very important urgency. The environmental paradigm in this era is the main concern in maintaining the sustainability and balance of the ecosystem. Environmental preservation is becoming increasingly important in this era. Industrial Revolution 4.0 brought major changes in various sectors, including industry, technology and transportation. However, these changes also have negative impacts on the environment, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and ecosystem damage. Environmental preservation in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 has high urgency. In facing the challenges of change brought by the Industrial Revolution 4.0, there needs to be awareness and collective action from all parties, both individuals and industry players, to preserve the environment. Therefore, researchers have taken this title with great hopes that it can become reference material for readers and increase our insight and knowledge so that the environment, especially around us, can be preserved.

Optimizing afforestation and reforestation strategies to enhance ecosystem services in critically degraded regions

Human activity has caused massive forest ecosystem damage, threatening the global environmental balance. Afforestation and reforestation are crucial strategies for the restoration of forest ecosystem functions. This study was conducted on Belitung Island, Indonesia, which has experienced forest degradation due to mining activity and is currently undergoing forest restoration efforts. This study aimed to identify priority areas for afforestation and reforestation using an innovative approach that integrates multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and machine-learning techniques based on ecosystem service (ES) indicators, wildfire susceptibility, and environmental pressure. This study is the first to combine long-term remote sensing data with machine learning to develop priority scenarios for afforestation and reforestation. Results show that low-priority afforestation areas cover 24,479.66 ha (20.45 %), medium-priority areas 58,703.30 ha (49.04 %), and high-priority areas 36,521.98 ha (30.51 %). For reforestation, low-priority areas cover 23,123.45 ha (30.45 %), medium-priority areas 38,197.36 ha (50.3 %), and high-priority areas 14,618.27 ha (19.25 %). This study is expected to serve as a reference for sustainable forest ecosystem restoration efforts in various regions by leveraging ES approaches and environmental conditions using remote-sensing technology.

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic to Regulate Water Quality in Maintaining the Aquascape Ecosystem

Aquascape is an artificial aquarium ecosystem that is increasingly popular, considering the high cost of creating and maintaining an aquascape. Several aspects need to be considered in maintaining an aquascape, namely maintaining water quality. To know the water quality, it is necessary to periodically check the aquascape manually and carry out maintenance, therefore knowledge is needed to regulate and maintain the water quality in the aquascape. This research aims to implement fuzzy logic as a water quality control system in aquascape maintenance. The research method includes collecting data from the literature as well as developing a fuzzy logic model to identify and control water quality such as pH and temperature. The output of the system developed is a water quality control device with the categories "Unbalanced", "Quite Balanced", "Balanced". This research method includes calculations by collecting data and using MATLAB software to develop a fuzzy logic system. The research results show that the application of fuzzy logic is able to regulate water quality effectively and minimize the risk of ecosystem damage in the aquascape. The research conclusion shows that the application of fuzzy logic to regulate water quality in aquascapes has great potential in maintaining the sustainability of aquascape ecosystems.

A framework for territorial spatial ecological restoration zoning integrating “Carbon neutrality” and “Human-geology-ecology”: Theory and application

Global climate change worsens the imbalance among human environment, geological environment and ecological environment (human-geology-ecology), leading to increasingly prominent ecosystem damage. Constructing a scientifically effective territorial spatial ecological restoration zoning (TSERZ) framework will promote the coordination between nature and human. However, the fundamental role of geological environment in TSERZ has been overlooked, and there is lack of theoretical frameworks and empirical research on TSERZ oriented towards carbon neutrality goal. Therefore, we have proposed a new TSERZ framework by integrating “carbon neutrality” and “human-geology-ecology”, which employs models such as CECM, LCA, IUEMS and ESP to divide primary zones, secondary zones and key areas, and also provides restoration directions for various zones. Taking the typical alpine-gorge region of Yulong County as an example, we conduct empirical research to verify the validity of the TSERZ framework. The findings indicate that, firstly, besides human and ecological factors, geological factors like lithology are indispensable factors for TSERZ, and understanding the dynamic balance relationship of human-geology-ecology is the prerequisite and basis for TSERZ. Secondly, the proposed TSERZ framework emphasizes the fundamental role of carbon source/sink and lithology in TSERZ, constructing the three-level zones division method oriented towards carbon neutrality goal with the research line of “natural background conditions—dominant ecological functions—ecological stress problems”. Thirdly, the framework has been successfully applied to TSERZ in Yulong County, dividing it into 8 primary zones, 17 secondary zones, and 7 types key areas. Given its complex geological conditions, fragile ecological environment and increasingly human interference, Yulong County urgently needs to focus on restoring ecological problems such as rocky desertification and geological disasters to improve carbon sink capacity. This study innovatively constructs a cascading path for TSERZ from theoretical cognition to practical application, which can provide a reference for solving the TSERZ problem in geologically complex regions, especially in alpine-gorge regions.