Damage In Man Research Articles

X-RAY-INDUCED CHROMOSOME DAMAGE IN MAN

X-RAY-INDUCED CHROMOSOME DAMAGE IN MAN

Consideration of the theory of bone marrow grafting as treatment of radiation damage.

It has been held for 50 years that bone marrow is amongst the most radiosensitive organs in the mammalian body. Indeed, there is very good experimental evidence that, following a mean lethal dose of whole-body irradiation, the most frequent cause of death is bone marrow failure: haemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia, or septicaemia due to agranulocytosis. Consequently, the successful grafting of bone marrow into lethally irradiated mice (Barnes and Loutit, 1955) offered a much desired tool to combat radiation damage to the bone marrow in man. The purpose of this paper, however, is to indicate that, even apart from the practical difficulties, there may not be good theoretical reasons for considering marrow grafting as an essential tool in combating radiation damage in man. Bone marrow is undoubtedly a markedly radiosensitive organ, but this statement does not mean necessarily that the bone marrow cells are more radiosensitive than any other cell (e.g. liver) in the body—especially if the term “radiosensitivi...

Hyaluronidase activity of the urine in necrotic nephrosis

In kidney damage in man due to corrosive sublimate poisoning, the activity of hyaluronidase in the urine is considerably increased. The same increase in the enzymatic activity is observed in urine of dogs which were subjected to the effect of uranium salts. It is quite probable that the increased hyaluronidase activity in urine is due to the destruction of the elements of kidney tissue which liberate the enzymes in necrotic nephrosis.

Parathyroid damage in man: mechanism of effect on serum levels of calcium and phosphorus.

THE fall in the concentration of calcium in the serum of rats after parathyroidectomy has recently been shown to precede the expected rise in the concentration of phosphorus (1). This observation of Munson's confirms Greenwald's earlier findings (2) in dogs, and supports the concept that parathyroid hormone acts directly to maintain the level of calcium in the serum. The chance observation of a patient who had marked hypocalcemia but a normal level of serum phosphorus at the time of the first sign of tetany following thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism led to the search for similar patients to confirm, in man, the foregoing findings in animals. The chance observation of a patient who had marked hypocalcemia but a normal level of serum phosphorus at the time of the first sign of tetany following thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism led to the search for similar patients to confirm, in man, the foregoing findings in animals.

Stress and Adaptive Patterns Resulting in Tissue Damage in Man

Stress and Adaptive Patterns Resulting in Tissue Damage in Man