Dam Reservoir Research Articles

Modeling total dissolved gas supersaturation in high dam reservoir using advanced novel bidirectional best-first disjoint aggregating M5-rule based algorithms: An innovative framework for ungauged regions

Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) supersaturation is a critical ecological indicator for assessing water quality downstream of high dam reservoirs. TDG concentration exceeding 110 % can cause gas-bubble trauma in fish, leading to mortality and adversely affecting other aquatic organisms. We used hourly datasets of Water Temperature, Barometric Pressure, Spill from Dam, Sensor Depth, and Discharge to calibrate the Bidirectional Best First (BBF) algorithm for feature selection and ensemble-based models (hybrid of Iterative Absolute Error Regression (IAER), Disjoint Aggregating (DA), Random Subspace (RS), and Weighted Instance Handler Wrapper (WIHW) with M5-Rule) for TDG prediction. The TDG prediction capabilities of these models were compared to those of the Support Vector Regression model using statistical metrics. The study determined that Spill from Dam significantly influences TDG prediction at both stations (30.3 % and 31.9 %), while Barometric Pressure is the least effective variable (13.9 % and 15.6 %. According to the BBF technique, an optimal input scenario consists of Spill from Dam, Water Temperature, Barometric Pressure, and sensor depth. The DA-M5-Rule model with root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.00 %, and uncertainty coefficient with 95 % confidence level (U95%) = 11.00 had the highest predictive power followed by IAER-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.41 %, U95%=12.16), WIHW-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.42 %, U95%=12.17), RS-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.61 %, U95%=12.23) and SVR (RMSE=5.71 %, U95%=15.00) at the testing stage, while for generalization stage DA-M5-Rule model (RMSE=4.21 %, U95%=11.08) had the highest generalization power, followed by RS-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.22 %, U95%=10.90), IAER-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.30 %, U95%=11.40), WIHW-M5-Rule (RMSE=4.36 %, U95%=11.44), and SVR (RMSE=5.00 %, U95%=13.50). The relative deviation of the developed models varied between 0.20–0.78 % during the testing stage and 1.72–2.00 % during the validation stage. Developed models in the current study can be applied as a promising tool across the USA. In addition, these models can be used to precisely predict TDG worldwide, particularly after evaluating its generalization power beyond the USA.

Present status and future prospects of fisheries of Tehri dam reservoir

Fisheries in India are a burgeoning industry with immense potential and opportunities. Ironically, because of its enormous but untapped potential, reservoir fisheries are called as "a sleeping giant". The average productivity from these reservoirs in India is about 30 kg/ha compared to the production potential of 250 kg/ha. Inadequate management leads to low rate of fish production in Indian reservoirs. A major impediment to science-based fish productivity in reservoirs is the lack of authentic data on target stocks. Inland fisheries, like those in reservoirs, are particularly affected. Investigators generally rely on simple catch statistics and hypothesis statements to assess fish production and potential yields due to inadequate resources, population data, and experts in the area. The present paper emphasizes the quintessential 44sq km huge Tehri hydro-power dam reservoir, located in the Bhagirathi and Bhilangana valleys of the lesser Himalayas in the Garhwal hills. On average the fish productivity from Tehri reservoir in the year 2021-2022 is reported as 13.75 kg/ha but, this is significantly lower than its actual productivity. Thus, the current technical paper addresses this issue by condensing and synthesizing the current status of fisheries in the Tehri Dam reservoir with past status in terms of fish species diversity. It provides baseline information on fish production and various data shortfalls in fisheries activity management. The paper also describes the ecological and economic aspects that affect fish catch to utilize the reservoir resources and mired the cold-water fishery management in the Tehri reservoir.

A Multifunctional Project Study for Elazig: Botanic Park, Pumped Irrigation Line, and Solar-Hydroelectric Power Plant

Urban centers serve as more than just hubs of economic activity; they are also focal points of community life and social interaction. It is incumbent upon local authorities to elevate the standard of living within these urban environments by establishing communal spaces conducive to enhancing the well-being of residents. To this end, botanical gardens and recreational areas have been established in numerous developed cities worldwide. These amenities not only enrich the lives of inhabitants and local fauna but also constitute significant contributors to the municipal economy. Recognizing their pivotal role in urban economies, the imperative lies in implementing projects that optimize the utilization of available water resources. The prospect of establishing such a facility in the heart of Elazig holds promise. This study undertakes a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of establishing a botanical garden within the designated area, exploring avenues such as tapping into the Keban Dam reservoir, constructing a micro-hydroelectric power plant utilizing downstream water, and other potential initiatives

Beyond dams: Assessing integrated water storage in the Shashe catchment, Limpopo River Basin

Study regionThe Shashe catchment, Limpopo River Basin, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. Study focusThe Shashe catchment is the third largest flow contributor to the Limpopo River Basin. Water availability in the Shashe catchment is highly seasonal due to high seasonal rainfall variability. The seasonality and inter-annual variability cause shortfalls (demand exceeds the average water availability) in certain months and years. Storage is needed to bridge the seasonal water availability “gap” and mitigate the deficits in drought years, i.e., inter-annual variability. While the need for water storage through grey infrastructure such as dams has long been known, there is growing recognition of the need for approaches to water storage that capitalize on all storage types. However, the current capacity to plan in ways that utilize all storage types is limited. The analyses conducted for this paper assessed the volume and spatial and temporal variability of different storage options – large and small dams, sand dams, soil moisture, and aquifers – in the Shashe catchment of the Limpopo River Basin. An integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model and remote sensing approach were developed for 2015–2020. New hydrological insights for the regionThe total annual water storage in the Shashe catchment is approximately 44,000 Mm3, dominated by groundwater. The annual storage is about 42,000 Mm3 in aquifers, 1500 Mm3 in soil, 700 Mm3 in large dam reservoirs, 45 Mm3 in small dams/ponds, and 0.13 Mm3 in sand dams. There is high seasonality in water storage availability. Soil moisture storage is at its maximum from January to March and lowest from July to September. Dam storage is at its maximum from March to May, and the water storage is relatively stable throughout the year. Aquifer storage is relatively stable during the dry seasons compared to other storage options. Optimizing water use considering the seasonal variation in different storage types could improve water availability and climate resilience.

Study on the influence mechanism of interfacial inclination angle on the mechanical behavior of coal and concrete specimens

In recent years, the proposed distributed underground reservoir technology has attracted a lot of attention from experts and scholars in the field of engineering. This technology not only avoids the waste of mine water resources, but also realizes the rational utilization of coal mine underground space, and promotes the green and sustainable development of coal mining. As a storage facility of the underground reservoir, the stability of the coal-concrete composite structure will directly affect the long-term safe operation of the underground reservoir. In light of this situation, this study conducted uniaxial compression and acoustic emission experiments on coal-concrete specimens with interface inclinations of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° to investigate the impact of interface inclination on coal-concrete specimen stability. The test results show that the stress-strain curve passes through three stages: compression, elastic deformation, and deformation failure. The peak stress, peak strain, and elastic modulus exhibit a “U”-shaped distribution with varying angles, reaching a minimum at 60°. Crack analysis using RA-AF reveals that tension cracks predominate at 0°-30°, while shear cracks predominate at 45°-90°. The application of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion to coal-concrete specimens is discussed, and a derivation of the formula for calculating the ultimate principal stress is provided. The research in this paper provides a theoretical reference for the structural design and parameter selection of underground reservoir dams in coal mines.

Carbon dioxide emissions from temperate reservoirs and pit lakes of different trophic states

The abundance of human-made inland waters, such as artificial ponds and reservoirs, has multiplied over the last decades. Compared to natural lakes, reservoirs and retention basins can exhibit a higher accumulation of organic carbon and a higher emission of greenhouse gases. Magnitude and dynamics of related emission fluxes are important to understand the role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, origin and use of artificial waterbodies are diverse, and it is unclear whether current gas flux estimates adequately represent all important types and conditions of artificial inland waters. This study compares drivers of CO2 and CH4 emissions from two types of temperate artificial waters that are widespread in central Europe: reservoirs and artificial lakes in former open-pit lignite mines (pit lakes). We measured CO2 exchange at the water surface, calculated surface water CO2 from long-term DIC and pH data, and measured CO2 and CH4 concentrations throughout the water column. We found that an older, eutrophic pit lake showed seasonal variations in CO2 fluxes including uptake during summer and release during turnover, similar to three studied freshwater reservoirs. In contrast, reacidification and repeated addition of carbonate (liming) led to sustained CO2 supersaturation in a young, oligotrophic pit lake throughout the year, potentially making it a steady source of CO2 to the atmosphere. This implies that on an annual level, pH regulation and lake maturity largely determine whether pit lakes act as sources of CO2 (young, slightly acidic) or sinks of CO2 (older, neutral pH).

Spatial differences of dissolved organic matter composition and humification in an artificial lake.

The depth-dependent dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) structure and humification in an artificial lake limits the understanding of lake eutrophication and carbon cycling. Using fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) models to analyze the 3D fluorescence spectroscopy dataset, we revealed the depth-dependent structure and vertical distribution of DOM in the estuarine and center regions of Lake Hongfeng. The percentage fluorescence response (Pi,n) showed humic acid is an important part of DOM in Lake Hongfeng. Fluorescence results show that the fulvic-like and protein-like materials in HF1-DOM located at the estuarine position showed greater variation in the middle stage, probably due to human influence and sediment suspension. Fluorescence index (PI+II+IV,n/PIII+V,n and FIC4/FIC3) can be used to indicate the degree of humification of DOM in artificial lakes. Results of each index show that the estuary is more affected by human activities, and the humification degree is significantly lower than that of the center of the lake. The evaluation index system of the humification degree of artificial lake established in this study can effectively predict the eutrophication state of the typical area of artificial lake and deeply understand the possible important influence of human activities on the carbon cycle of lake.

Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Hemrin Dam Reservoir: Morphological Examination

Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Hemrin Dam Reservoir: Morphological Examination

Utilizing multi-criteria decision-making analysis and 3D visualization techniques for dam site selection and irrigation area identification in Gedeb River, Ethiopia

Irrigation dams and irrigation suitability analysis is important for optimal water management, crop selection and productivity, water conservation, environmental sustainability, and economic viability in agriculture arena. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to identify a suitable dam site and irrigation area in the Gedeb River, Ethiopia, using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making analysis and 3D Visualization techniques. To identify a suitable dam site, various parametrs such as rainfall, runoff, stream flow, mineral site, faulting areas, landslide site, rock types, elevation points, relief features, soil types were used while to identify a suitable irrigation area, different parametrs such as altitude, slope, soil, geological structure, distance, and land use land cover datasets were used. The necessary dataset which were used to identify a suitable dam site and irrigation area collected from Ethiopian Mapping Authority (EMA), Ethiopian irrigation and energy ministry freely. In addition, for the final irrigation dam site selection and suitable irrigation area in the Gedeb watershed, multi-criteria decision-making method with expert judgment were applied respectively. Based on the study's findings, a suitable irrigation water reservoir dam covering an area of 1886 ha, with a potential water holding capacity of 2,961,145,697 cubic meters was identified. The results also revealed a highly suitable area of 18,362.05 ha, a moderately suitable area of 19,204.05 ha, a marginally suitable area of 2095.25 ha, and a not suitable area of 2.89 ha for the aforementioned purpose. The methodological approach and research findings presented in this study can greatly assist government and non-governmental organization planners and decision-makers in the development of irrigation projects.

Ecological Potential of Freshwater Dam Reservoirs Based on Fish Index, First Evaluation in Poland

A pilot ichthyological index was developed for use within the Water Framework Directive in the area of Central and Eastern Europe for dam reservoirs, which are heavily modified water bodies. This is the first approach to assessing this water body type based on ichthyofauna in Poland. Various fishing gear types were used. The tested dam reservoirs were scattered throughout the country, from lowland to mountainous areas, with very diverse hydrological and morphological characteristics and pressure ranges based on the TSI index. In preliminary work, a correlation matrix with the TSI index’s pressure indicator was tested based on the abundance or biomass of fish species, fish families present, fishing gear used, and fishing depth range for a total of 588 cases. As a result of the tests carried out, the preliminary indicator was based on the ratio of the number of the two families Cyprinidae and Percidae. The correlation between the developed indicator and the pressure index was strong (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). The Percidae family exhibited a strong correlation with the most connections in the matrix. Based on the obtained results, the principle of using already confirmed relationships, such as the ratio between Cyprinidae and Percidae fish families, in the assessment of eutrophication was confirmed to be effective, guaranteeing the effective initial assessment of ecological potential.

Cascade failure risk analysis of mixed reservoirs based on disaster spreading theory

The reservoirs in the basin are connected in series or in parallel, forming a mixed reservoir group. Failure of a single dam in a mixed reservoir group may lead to subsequent failures of downstream dams, resulting in a cascading failure of the reservoir group. However, existing studies mainly focus on the impact of the upstream dam failure on the downstream dams, and lack a comprehensive consideration of the risk level of the upstream dams, the dam's own risk, and its own warning and flood release capacity. This limitation affects the accuracy of the actual risk calculation results of mixed reservoir dams. In this paper, the cascading failure risk chain is determined using graph theory, and a cascade failure risk analysis model based on disaster spreading theory is developed by combining dam break flood simulation and reservoir flood routing theory. The cascade failure risk is assessed in terms of the probability and the duration of a cascading failure. The model is applied to six mixed reservoirs in the Wujiang River Basin, China. The sensitivity of the model parameters is analyzed by examining a specific node, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified.

Water Management on Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Aspect of Climate Variability: A Case Study of the Dobromierz Dam Reservoir, Poland

Water Management on Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Aspect of Climate Variability: A Case Study of the Dobromierz Dam Reservoir, Poland

Atmospheric Circulation in the Furnas Reservoir Region, MG: Sensitivity Experiments with RegCM5 in Convection-Permitting Mode

In the 1950s, the Furnas reservoir was created, an artificial lake surrounded by hills, for the operation of the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Plant in southeastern Brazil. Along the shores of the Furnas reservoir, there are no meteorological stations, and only three are found at a distance greater than 10 km from the reservoir, which makes it challenging to assess the lake's influence on the local climate. To address this issue, the Regional Climate Model version 5 (RegCM5) was run in convection-permitting (CP) mode for two months, with a horizontal resolution of 1 km, to investigate the near-surface atmospheric circulation patterns around the reservoir. Three numerical experiments were conducted using RegCM5-CP nested in ERA5 reanalysis: a control simulation (CTRL), an experiment where the topography was assumed to be flat throughout the domain (expTOPO), and an experiment where the water body was replaced by vegetation (expVEG). The first month of simulation in each experiment was excluded from the analysis as it was considered a spin-up period. RegCM5-CP has good performance in simulating the diurnal cycle of the 2-m air temperature and reasonable performance for the 10-m wind intensity compared to observed data from three meteorological stations in the domain of simulation (but distant from the reservoir shore). Despite the geographic complexity of the Furnas reservoir, the experiments revealed coupling between lake and valley breezes during the daytime and land and mountain breezes during nighttime in different segments of the reservoir, such as in Guapé (near the dam). However, mountain-valley breezes are more dominant.

Investigation of the Stomach Composition and Feeding Habit of Bagrus bayad,(Macropterus) Catfish Specie in Kiri Dam Reservoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate the food and feeding habit of Bagrus bayad specie in Kiri Reservoir. Sample collected were one hundred and seventy-four species of Bagrus bayad, randomly sampled for a period of six months. Male and the female were determined by physical observation of the fish gonad. The determination of the food and feeding habit of the fish were done through visceral dissection of the fish from mouth to anus to reveal the intestinal organ. Stomach ware removed and the contents are emptied in to a clean petri-dish. Food materials in the stomachs were analysed under light microscope; and each food item from the content was identified using a provided recommended guide. Data were analysed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Result of the analysis shows that the food from stomach content are mostly of plant and animal origin. The percentage mean for the food items in the six months shows that plant parts have the highest mean of 17.94% and fish parts have a mean of 16.76%. This is an indication that Bagrus bayad fish are omnivorous, based on this outcome it is recommended that aquaculture farmers of Bagrus bayad should effectively utilised plants and animals’ materials in the formulation of feeds for feeding Bagrus bayad fish in culture.

A Review of Safety Inspection Methods for Reservoir Dams

A Review of Safety Inspection Methods for Reservoir Dams

Design of an intelligent Near-Infrared responsive antibacterial Nano-Platform based on MoS2/Cu3Mo2O9

In this era of high drug resistance, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents and strategies to achieve smarter sterilization effects. However, developing an environmentally friendly, controllable, and self-cleaning smart antimicrobial material remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a smart antimicrobial nanoplatform composed of Cu3Mo2O9 and MoS2 has been successfully designed and synthesized. The computational findings reveal that, owing to the interfacial coupling between the two substances at the solid junction, this architecture can effectively absorb near-infrared light, significantly reduce migration resistance, and improve carrier separation efficiency. Empirical observations demonstrate that with a sample concentration of 100 μg/mL, under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the microenvironmental temperature proximal to the bacteria can be swiftly elevated from 28.6 °C to in excess of 50 °C within a mere 6 min. The overall photothermal conversion efficiency is 32.6 %, and it exhibits an active oxygen level nearly 5 times higher than that of Cu3Mo2O9. Furthermore, the permeability of the cell membrane was greatly improved with the increased temperature, which is beneficial for the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) entering the bacterial cells. After synergistic antimicrobial treatment, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli can reach over 99 %. More importantly, this nano-platform features a unique ’activation’ mechanism that uses NIR as an ’activation switch’ to selectively toggle between ’passive defense,’ ’secondary sterilization,’ and ’active attack’ antibacterial modes as needed. Upon interaction with aqueous environments, its reusability and favorable biocompatibility with terrestrial and aquatic life promise to facilitate the intelligent eradication of deleterious microorganisms in aquatic systems via the diurnal cycle of sunrise and sunset. This is highly significant for the ongoing management and maintenance of public resources such as amusement parks, artificial fish ponds, and urban water features.

Examining the Evolution of Energy Storing in the Ecuadorian Electricity System: A Case Study (2006–2023)

Ensuring a balance between supply and demand is critical within electricity grids, requiring a supply composition that guarantees consistent service provision in the short and medium term. Between 2008 and 2017, Ecuador’s electricity generation capacity expanded significantly, with an investment of approximately USD 8150 million into harnessing the potential energy of water. This led to the construction of five high-capacity hydroelectric projects by 2017, contributing 33.4% of the sector’s energy output by 2023. However, it is important to note that if installed hydroelectric projects operate as run-of-river plants, with limited reservoir capacity, they can only regulate water use for electricity generation on an hourly basis. As of 2023, these run-of-river plants represent 68.8% of Ecuador’s total hydroelectric capacity within the National Interconnected System (SNI). Consequently, during periods of low inflows, supplementary energy from other power generation plants is necessary to prevent energy crises. This paper addresses the impact on energy storing for electricity generation resulting from the evolution of hydroelectric power plant entry from 2006 to 2023. This aspect has not been thoroughly examined in hydrothermal systems, which primarily focus on potential energy obtained from dams. Our approach involves a statistical analysis of hydroelectric dam reservoir operational levels. We further explore the influence on demand service within Ecuador’s electricity system, particularly during observed energy crises towards the end of 2023.

Mapping reservoir water quality from Sentinel-2 satellite data based on a new approach of weighted averaging: Application of Bayesian maximum entropy

In regions like Oman, which are characterized by aridity, enhancing the water quality discharged from reservoirs poses considerable challenges. This predicament is notably pronounced at Wadi Dayqah Dam (WDD), where meeting the demand for ample, superior water downstream proves to be a formidable task. Thus, accurately estimating and mapping water quality indicators (WQIs) is paramount for sustainable planning of inland in the study area. Since traditional procedures to collect water quality data are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, water resources management has shifted from gathering field measurement data to utilizing remote sensing (RS) data. WDD has been threatened by various driving forces in recent years, such as contamination from different sources, sedimentation, nutrient runoff, salinity intrusion, temperature fluctuations, and microbial contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to retrieve and map WQIs, namely dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) of the Wadi Dayqah Dam (WDD) reservoir from Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite data using a new procedure of weighted averaging, namely Bayesian Maximum Entropy-based Fusion (BMEF). To do so, the outputs of four Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, namely Multilayer Regression (MLR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVRs), and XGBoost, were combined using this approach together, considering uncertainty. Water samples from 254 systematic plots were obtained for temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in WDD. The findings indicated that, throughout both the training and testing phases, the BMEF model outperformed individual machine learning models. Considering Chl-a, as WQI, and R-squared, as evaluation indices, BMEF outperformed MLR, SVR, RFR, and XGBoost by 6%, 9%, 2%, and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, the results were significantly enhanced when the best combination of various spectral bands was considered to estimate specific WQIs instead of using all S2 bands as input variables of the ML algorithms.

Energy, economic and environmental evaluation of the energy storage capabilities of artificial lakes based on pumped-hydro storage systems with a case study of Daghgoli artificial recreational lake

In the present study, Daghgoli artificial recreational lake has been investigated as an energy storage system. This lake with a capacity of 54,000 (m3) is located in the largest metropolis of northwestern Iran, above the Eynali Mountains, in the vicinity of the city. The elevation of this lake is about 450 (m) from the downstream lake with a capacity of 60,000 (m3). The energy storage capacity of the lake has been evaluated based on the pumped-hydro method. Then, the capacity of this large “battery” to store a part of the excess energy generated by the Tabriz thermal power plant has been evaluated. In addition to the technical evaluation, a full economic analysis as well as environmental investigation of application of the lake as an energy storage system has been conducted. The capacity that can be develop the existing small wind farm in the vicinity of the lake so that its generated energy can be fully stored by the energy storage system based on Daghgoli Lake has also been determined. Finally, the capacity of the photovoltaic solar power plant that can be established in the flat plain adjacent to the lake to store its generated electricity by the lake to be used at night or peak hours has been also evaluated. The results showed that using the presented energy storage plan, 74.7(MWh) of excess electrical energy generated by the thermal power plant can be stored daily. By releasing this energy during peak hours, 13.24 (MW) of electricity can be generated with an energy conversion efficiency about 71 %. At the same time, the emission of 8508 tons of carbon dioxide can be prevented during a year. The investment payback period of the project is estimated to be 4.7 years. By using the designed energy storage system, a wind farm consisting of 16 turbines with a capacity of 660 (kW) or a photovoltaic solar plant with a capacity of 9.34 (MW) can be created.

Symmetrical fully coupled numerical model for efficient dam–reservoir interaction analysis in time domain

ABSTRACT A numerical model is presented for solving the dam–reservoir interaction (DRI) problem in the time domain. The primary aim of this paper is to introduce a coupling method that could be simply implemented in a monolithic DRI model, yields a symmetrical system of equations, and maintains accuracy comparable to existing studies. The finite element method is employed to solve the equation of motion for the structure, and the finite volume method is for the Navier–Stokes equations in the fluid domain. These two solvers are coupled using an innovative approach to generate a pressure-based symmetric system of equations, which is resolved implicitly. Moreover, unlike most previous DRI studies, free surface waves are considered in the modeling procedure, and their effects are investigated. Comparison of the results with benchmark test cases from the literature demonstrates that the proposed numerical method is both straightforward and precise.