Dakshina Kannada Research Articles

A comparative study of handgrip strength among sedentary and non-sedentary workers

Background: India is a developing country with a rapid transformation in lifestyle including inappropriate diet and inadequate physical activity. More the physical activity greater will be the muscle strength. Handgrip strength is an indicator of muscle strength. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to compare handgrip strength among sedentary and active workers and to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. 50 sedentary subjects and 50 constructive site active laborers were selected as study groups by convenience sampling. Anthropometric parameters such as height and weight, were recorded. Handgrip strength was recorded using a standard adjustable handgrip dynamometer. Handgrip strength was compared between the groups using independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation was carried out to find relationship between anthropometric variables and handgrip strength. Results: We noted extremely statistically significant stronger handgrip strength in both the right and left hand of the active group compared to that of the sedentary group (P < 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between BMI and handgrip strength. There was a positive correlation with weight and handgrip strength of active group. Conclusion: The physically active group had higher handgrip strength compared to sedentary group. The sedentary group had significantly higher weight when compared to that of active group which provides evidence that low physical activity is related to weight gain and its complications. The above result emphasizes the need to indulge in regular physical activities.

Retailers’ Perception towards Soft Drinks in Belthangady Taluk

Indian Soft drinks market are mainly dominated by MNC players like Coke & Pepsi but there are many local players who are competing with them at regional level and few of them are playing at national level. It is not possible to anyone to acquire the market share without the help of the retailers. Retailer plays a very important role in the making the product successful one in the market. Retailers will act as bridge between the manufacturers and consumers. This bridge can't be neglected by anyone in the market. The present study is trying to understand the retailers’ perception towards soft drinks and their role in making the product success in the market especially soft drink product in particular to domestic soft drinks in the Belthangady taluk of Dakshina Kannada district.

A study on depression and functional impairment among university students in Mangalore, Karnataka

Background: Depression often starts at a younger age and due to its increasing prevalence and various risk factors in this age group and its impact on work, social, and family life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the magnitude of depression and functional impairment among the 1st year university students and to study the association of various sociodemographic variables and functional impairment with depression. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 1st year students of a university situated in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, for 1 month. Sociodemographic profile of the study participants and information on depression and functional impairment was collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of depression was found to be 70.5% of which majority of them were having mild depression (56.12%). Female gender and various faculties were the statistical significant attributes of depression (P < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the mean scores of functional disability among individuals with depression against without depression (P < 0.001) and patient health questionnaire-9 scores were found to have positive correlation with functional impairment scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high among the university students and requires rigorous efforts for early diagnosis and planning appropriate interventions.

Prevalence of maternal anemia and its impact on perinatal outcome in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada

Prevalence of maternal anemia and its impact on perinatal outcome in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada

Factors Influencing Buying Behavior of Consumers of Domestic Soft Drinks: A Case Study

Many local soft drinks manufacturing enterprises are operating at the regional level and a few of them operating at the national level which are quietly stealing the thunder from the two multinational giants like Pepsi and Coca Cola by selling quality products pricees cheaper than those of MNCs. This is particularly happening mostly in all small towns and rural areas. To be a successful enterprise, one should understand the buying behaviour and also the factors which influences the consumer to buy the product. In this background, the present study is taken up to understand the consumer perception and buying behavior towards local soft drinks. The study identifies factors which influence consumers to prefer domestic soft drinks in the market with Dakshina Kannada region as a representative case. The study shows that all the age groups of consumers are satisfied with domestic soft drinks in this region and the factors like price and availability of the products are the most important factors which are influencing the consumers to prefer domestic brands in the market.

INCONSISTENT LIPID PROFILES EXHIBITED AMONG THE DIABETIC ASIAN INDIANS OF INDIA AND TRINIDAD–A COMPARATIVE STUDY

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This was an cross-sectional observational study wherein clinical parameters were compared between the population of two countries like India and Trinidad.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;One hundred and six diabetic and 100 healthy individuals from Dakshina Kannada District of India were chosen and compared with 106 Type 2 diabetic and 100 healthy individuals of Trinidad. Along with anthropometric variables and blood pressure, blood samples were collected from the subjects aged above 35years of both genders who would fit with the inclusion criteria. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL and sugar levels were estimated from the blood samples collected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Though both the study population were of similar BMI, we found considerable higher values from the baseline among the systolic pressure, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level in both the countries. Though the normal study population showed a small change in the mean values, most of the difference was not statistically significant. We found that Indian diabetic population had a higher risk of future complication of diabetes with significantly higher LDL (p=0.002) and systolic pressure (p=0.000).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study shows important difference among biochemical parameters and other risk factors in the Asian phenotypic races with countries like India and Trinidad. The data also showed that Indian diabetic population are at higher risk of developing complications when compared to Trinidadians.&lt;/p&gt;

A checklist of butterflies of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India

In a preliminary study on the butterflies of Dakshina Kannada District, located in the southwestern part of the Karnataka along the Western Ghats in Karnataka State in India, a total of 172 species of butterflies belonging to 117 genera, from six families was prepared by visiting various landscapes during the period September 2012 to December 2015. Of the various species recorded, Papilio clytia (Linnaeus), Papilio lio medon (Moore), Pachlio ptahector (Linnaeus), Castalius rosimon (Fabricius), Acytolepis puspa (Horsefield), Lethe europa (Fabricius), Neptis jumbah (Moore), Dophlae velina (Stoll), Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus) and Doleschallia bisaltide (Cramer) comes under the Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The present study provides the baseline data of butterfly species of Dakshina Kannada.

Studies on modulus of resilience using cyclic tri-axial test and correlations to PFWD, DCP, and CBR

The design of highway subgrades necessitates the estimation of strength and stiffness characteristics to a reasonably accurate extent. The present study provides details on investigations on the modulus of resilience of lateritic soils in the region of Dakshina Kannada in Southern India, using the cyclic tri-axial test equipment. The discussions also provide comparisons on similar studies performed using the portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD), and the California bearing ratio (CBR) test. As part of this study, regression equations were developed in order to correlate the observations made using the PFWD and the CBR with the results obtained using the cyclic tri-axial test. It is felt that the regressions developed for estimating the modulus of resilience based on simpler experimental approaches such as the CBR, and the PFWD, will be of special advantage to pavement engineers in developing nations.

Struggles and Challenges in Development:Governance and Management Issues in a Regional Context

Development is viewed here as a struggle involving clash of interests of different groups in different sectors namely, agriculture, industry, fisheries, tourism and education. The experiences in Dakshina Kannada, a coastal district of Karnataka, reveal that struggles and challenges in development in a region get intensified if the interests of that region conflict with the policies initiated at the macro level. This can also lead to a situation ' Development vs Environment'. The struggles and challenges in the course of development are influenced by a number of subjective factors including of course political factors operating both at the regional and macro levels. Dakshina Kannada provides an interesting case for tracing the history of different development experiences in a regional context and also for identifying governance and management issues calling for some redirections in policies for growth and development in different sectors in future.

Use and Impact of AICTE Electronic Resources and DELNET in the Engineering College Libraries of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi Districts:A Comparative Study

Information is an essential resource for study, teaching and research. Libraries in engineering colleges play a significant role in fulfilling the information needs of the users in print and electronic formats. A study of the use of information resources by the students, faculty members and research scholars in the engineering college libraries of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi Districts was undertaken during August 2013. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The responses on awareness and satisfaction level on various electronic resources were gathered using Likert's 5 point scale. The responses were analysed using two way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Factor Analysis and Fisher's Exact Test. The analysis showed that research scholars attach more importance to electronic resources than print resources and there exists significant difference in the preference among the respondents. The hypothesis formulated in this connection was proved by the study. there is a need to evaluate the electronic resources and services regularly to meet the changing needs of the usrs.

Awareness on epidemiological factors of HIV/AIDS among nursing students in selected institutions in Dakshina Kannada

Abstract Introduction: An integrated approach is strongly suggested for creating knowledge, attitudes, and awareness to control the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people as well as health care students. Objectives: To determine the awareness on epidemiological factors of HIV/AIDS among nursing students. Methodology: A quantitative approach with descriptive design was found suitable to conduct the study among 700 first year B Sc nursing students were selected using cluster sampling method from different nursing institutions. After obtaining the consent from the subjects a pretested and valid questionnaire on HIV/AIDs was administered to collect the data. Results: All the students had information (86.1%) on HIV/AIDS mainly from T.V/Radio. It was found that majority of the subjects (63.3%) had poor awareness, 31.6% had average and only 5.1% of subjects had good awareness on HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: It is evident from the study findings that the nursing students lack awareness on epidemiological factors of HIV/AIDs there is a need to have an education program before they are active in caring for the patient in hospital.

M. V. Bhatt (1924–2016)

Professor M. V. Bhatt passed away in Bengaluru on 19 April 2016. Mangalore Vivekananda Bhatt was born on 1 February 1924 in Mulki, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka to Taranath Krishna Bhatt and Tulsi Bai Bhatt. He was 'Vivek' to his family and childhood friends, 'Bhatta' to his close friends and MVB to his students.

Computing the Variation of Stream Flow in a Gauged Basin using Satellite Imagery with Regards To Change in Land Use Pattern

Hydrological and water resource problems always pose a serious challenge to mankind from time immemorial. The ambiguity in data, its non-availability, error in measurement of data's, unconditional ground characteristics always has been a challenge to hydraulic engineers. The watershed characteristics and studies also pose the same problems. Conventional rain-fall measuring techniques, non-reliable gauge and discharge data, etc add to these problems. Over the development of remote sensing techniques, hydraulics engineers too started to use these techniques over water related problem. In this paper, the remote sensing technique is used in computing the effect of land use change in a river basin in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India and then the effects of these changes on the streamflow of the same river is analysed. With the development of a suitable numerical model, the same can be used to compute the runoff characteristics in any un-gauged basin too. With the scarcity of water resource data and the difficulty in obtaining them, the best way to address water related problems of the future is too shift to these remote sensing techniques. The satellite imagery for the study purpose has been obtained from IRS satellites and Bhuvan data portal. The runoff and rainfall data has been obtained from Indian meteorological department and Karnataka Irrigation department. Once the change in land use pattern is analysed and the corresponding change in runoff pattern is computed, suitable measures can be taken to overcome the drastic hydrological changes in the basin and remedial measures can be taken.

Validation of Standard of Living Scale with Comparison to Other Socio-Economic Scales in a Semi Urban Area of Mangalore : A Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction: Socioeconomic status is an important determinant of health condition of an individual or a family. Many tools are being used to assess the socioeconomic status. Each of the scales have their own advantages and disadvantages. But an appropriate and a standardized tool is yet to be developed Objectives: To compare the standard of living based on different socioeconomic scales in a semiurban area of Mangalore and to assess the appropriateness of socioeconomic scales to be used in a semiurban area of Mangalore Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in households of Kuthar and Manjanady villages of Dakshina Kannada district from June- August 2014. Questionnaire method was used to avail information about the socioeconomic status of the study population. The data was analysed using SPSS 16 software. Results: Majority (70%) of the study population belonged to class IV of kuppuswamy scale. Whereas according to Modified BG Prasad scale majority of the population belonged to class III (35%) and class II (28%). According to Pareek's scale around 92% of population belonged to class IV. But when standard of living was assessed majority of them (62%) had high standard of Living. Conclusions: We found that Standard of living is the better option in assessing the socio-economic status of a household as compared to all other scales whether be it urban, rural or semi urban.

Financial Planning and Control Practices of Selected Non-Governmental Organizations: An Empirical Appraisal

Non-governmental organizations have an immense role in the achievement of Millennium Development Goals, an initiative of United Nations. It is especially true in the case of a developing country like India. The spread of NGO activities in the country is manifested in a number of spheres and in a wide spectrum of programs. The participation of the NGO sector has been impressive in welfare programs, development-oriented initiatives, empowering women and weaker sections, protecting the rights of marginalized segments, protecting the environment, spreading literacy and education, and so forth. Funds do flow into these non-governmental organizations both from the internal sources as well as from the external sources. However, efficient utilization of the funds and the accountability towards the different stakeholders are found to be the lowest among the NGOs. Non-governmental organizations need to have sound financial management practices, both at the organizational level and within social programs to accomplish the basic purpose for which they have been set up. This study sought to explore the financial priorities, financial planning, and control practices of non-governmental organizations in Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts in the state of Karnataka. This study is explorative in nature. The study revealed that the transparency regarding the financial practices followed in the NGOs was not highly appreciable, but NGOs were aware and had a positive bent of mind towards implementing better financial practices in their operations.

Social Media and Political Participation A Study of The People of Dakshina Kannada

Social media is a term used to describe a variety of Web-based platforms, applications and technologies that enable people to socially interact with one another online. Some of the popular social media sites and its applications include Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Flickr, blogs and other sites that have content based on user participation and user generated content. The number of netizens in India is growing with every passing day since the Internet revolution in the 1990s. The power and wide reach of social media to reach out to millions of people at the same time, has made it a very powerful tool for political usage. Social media has reshaped the way politicians and citizens are interacting with one another about economic, social and political issues. It helps to communicate and reach citizens faster and has also provided an opportunity to encourage citizen's participation in the democratic process by communicating directly with the decision makers, sharing and posting opinions, organizing protests and creating support for political parties. This study analyses the impact of social media in political participation of the people in Dakshina Kannada district, located on the coastal belt of south Indian state of Karnataka. The district is considered to be educationally and technologically advanced. The study demonstrates how social media adaptation in terms of discussion, sharing and posting of information has become a prominent feature of political and civic life for most people in this district.

Correlation of dental age, skeletal age, and chronological age among children aged 9-14 years: A retrospective study.

Growth can be one of the most uncertain variations, but understanding the same is very important for diagnosis and treatment planning. Skeletal age and dental age have been used to determine a child's developmental age. Several researchers have evaluated the association between dental and skeletal maturity with chronologic age on different population. The purpose of the present study was to find out whether dental age estimation can be replaced for skeletal age estimation in the Dakshina Kannada population. A total of 104 samples equally distributed among both genders in the age group of 9-14 years were selected. Skeletal age was estimated using hand-wrist radiographs and Fishman's skeletal maturation index and dental age was measured using Demirjian's method. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between the skeletal maturity and dental maturity. The mean ages of male and female samples were determined as 11.89 ± 1.867 years and 12.21 ± 1.473 years, respectively. Chronological age was found to be positively correlated to dental age and skeletal age and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The correlation between dental age and skeletal age was also found to be statistically significant with P < 0.001 and correlation coefficient of 0.683 and 0.704 for males and females. The present study showed a strong relation between the developmental ages in mixed dentition population; hence, dental age can be considered as a replacement in the study population.

Oral Lesions in HIV/AIDS Patients on a highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

ABSTRACT Background Oral lesions have been reported to be the initial signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection. The main objective of the present study was to observe the prevalence of oral lesions among HIV/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India. Materials and methods One hundred and eight HIV/AIDS positive patients were evaluated by a single examiner. Patients’ oral cavity was examined and the various oral manifestations detected were recorded. Results The most common extraoral manifestation was lipoatrophy, and intraorally, the most prevalent findings were intraoral pigmentation (42.6%) and candidiasis (27.8%). However, the prevalence of the most commonly associated lesions like Kaposi's sarcoma (1.9%) and linear gingival erythema (2.7%) was less. Conclusion Oral lesions are considered to be markers of progression of HIV into the final stage of AIDS. Advent of HAART has shown a significant reduction in the oral lesions and a better quality of life in patients with HIV. How to cite this article Denny CE, Ramapuram J, Bastian TS, Ongole R, Binnal A, Natarajan S, Ahmed J. Oral Lesions in HIV/AIDS Patients on a highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Word J Dent 2016;7(2):95-99.

GC-MS Compositional Analysis of Essential Oil of Leaf and Fruit Rind of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. from Coastal Karnataka, India

Introduction: Essential oils derived from plants by hydro distillation possess several medicinal properties. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. fruit is nutritive, cardiotonic, refrigerant, in stomach troubles, puerperal sepsis and insanity; while leaves are useful in epilepsy, chorea, convulsive cough and stomach pain due to indigestion. Methods: Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GCMS) has been used for detection and identification of volatile components from the hydro-distillate from leaf and rind of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. of Rutaceae. Results: Yield of oil was more in rind (0.12%) compared to leaf (0.07%). Forty two and thirty four compounds were detected from leaf and fruit respectively, among which citronellol (28.26%) was the major component in the leaves while D-limonene (89.04%) in the rind. Conclusion: Volatile compounds responsible for antimicrobial properties are identified from hydro-distillate of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. from Dakshina Kannada using GCMS.

A Study to compare and correlate the Relationship between Computer-assisted Facial Midline and Four Different clinically assessed Facial Midlines on Dentate Subjects in Dakshina Kannada

A Study to compare and correlate the Relationship between Computer-assisted Facial Midline and Four Different clinically assessed Facial Midlines on Dentate Subjects in Dakshina Kannada