Dak Lak Province Research Articles

CAMELLIA QUYNHII (THEACEAE, SECT. STEREOCARPUS), A NEW YELLOW SPECIES FROM THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS, VIETNAM

Camellia quynhii is described and illustrated as a new species of section Stereocarpus (Pierre) Sealy from 12th village, Vu Bon Commune, Krong Pak District, Dak Lak Province. C. quynhii resembles C. dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy but differs in several morphological characteristics: sepals 6–7; petals about 12–15; filaments tomentose at the base; style 3(–4), basally united; capsule 3(–4) locular, 2–6 seeds in each locule. Information on its phenology, distribution, ecology, and conservation status is also provided.

Thực trạng phòng chống sốt rét ở nhóm đi rừng, ngủ rẫy tại xã Ea Sô, Huyện Ea Kar, tỉnh Đắk Lắk năm 2021 và một số yếu tố liên quan

Objectives: To describe the current status of malaria prevention and control practices of the forest goers in Ea So commune, Ea Kar district, Dak. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with 367 forest goers, in Ea So commune, Ea Kar district, Dak Lak province from March 2021 to May 2021. Results: The study subjects had good practice in malaria control, accounting for 63.2%. In which, the proportion of research subjects always carrying a net/hammock when going to the forest accounted for 48.23%, In addition, the subjects also applied other preventive measures such as wearing long-sleeved clothes and repellent cream. mosquitoes 96.73% and 49.32% respectively. Some factors: education (OR=2.91, 95%CI: 1.57-5.39 ), economic conditions (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.24-0.68), history of malaria (OR=4.86, 95%CI: 2.78 -8.49), and frequency of going to the forest, sleeping in the fields (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.32-0.79) are related to malaria prevention practice. Conclusion: The situation of malaria control practice of the forest goers in Ea So commune, Ea Sar district, Dak Lak province achieved relatively high results. Factors related to malaria prevention practices include education, economic conditions, history of malaria, and frequency of going to the forest. Keywords: malaria prevention, forest goers.

Impacts of Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services in Protecting Forests in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

Vietnam’s Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services (PFES) scheme has the goal of protecting remaining natural forests by providing financial support to people involved in forest protection. However, studying the case of Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam shows that even after eight years of PFES implementation, achieving this goal remains a challenge. Although PFES does provide a stable income source and higher payments than state forest protection programs, enables the mobilization of more personnel resources for patrolling forest and relieves a great burden on the state budget in terms of investment in forest protection and development, forest cover in Dak Lak province is still decreasing, mainly due to conversion for other land uses, especially commercial agricultural and industrial crops. These drivers are rooted in national socio-economic planning aimed at boosting economic growth and in local people’s need to sustain their livelihoods. In addition, our paper shows that illegal logging is still widespread in Dak Lak. Weak law enforcement in areas of forest managed by state forest authorities and state companies also contributes to deforestation. However, these drivers are neither fully recognized nor addressed, and instead, the blame for deforestation is laid on local communities. PFES alone cannot protect forests in Dak Lak province. It needs to be backed up by political commitment to address underlying drivers of deforestation, improved social programs to help local people diversify their income sources and clarity over land use.

AN EVALUATION OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN DAK LAK PROVINCE

Assessment of the degree of meteorological drought in Dak Lak province is carried out using the SPI index and the water balance index K in the period 1985 - 2019. The results show that: According to the SPI index, drought tends to occur more at the time of transition from the dry season to the rainy season, during the rainy season, and from the time of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. The K-index in the period 1985 - 2019 showed there was a dry period at the beginning of the year from January to April. The anomalous drought factor plays a very important role because its large influence can cause damages, and allows assessing the variability of rainfall and the impact of climate change on the region. The study and evaluation of meteorological drought have practical significance, supporting managers in making policies on water resource management, ensuring sustainable economic and social development in the context of global climate change.

An Evaluation of International Tourist’s Expectations and Experiences of the Coffee Festival of Buon Ma Thuot City, Vietnam

This paper employed the HOLSAT model to measure the expectations and experiences of tourists who came to the Buon Ma Thuot Coffee Festival (BCF) in Buon Ma Thuot City, Dak Lak Province of Vietnam. We asked 160 international tourists participating in the BCF to rate their expectations before the BCF and their experiences after/during the BCF. The analysis revealed mixed results. Although most positive attribute items (18 out of 26 attributes) met or exceeded tourists' expectations, tourists were very dissatisfied with the other 8 positive and 8 negative attribute items, especially those regarding environment protection, public services, infrastructures, and the BCF organization. Therefore, we suggest that the BCF strategy should be revised by considering the tourists' benefits. In addition, measures should be taken to maintain or enhance the positive attributes and tackle environmental problems and public service issues in the organization of the BCF.

Prevalence and risk factors of Taenia hydatigena in dogs, pigs, and cattle in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

Taenia hydatigena is a globally distributed canine tapeworm. The canine tapeworm results in economic impacts for farmers owing to organ condemnation. T. hydatigena utilizes dogs and other carnivores as definitive hosts while swine and ruminants serve as intermediate hosts. T. hydatigena is endemic in Vietnam; however, information on the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection is scarce. This cross-sectional study aims to identify the prevalence of T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs and T. hydatigena cysticercosis in pigs and cattle. The risk factors associated with taeniasis in dogs were identified using a fixed effects logistic regression model and quantified using population attributable fractions. The prevalence of T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs and T. hydatigena cysticercosis in pigs and cattle was 10.31% (95% CI 8.21 to 12.84%), 7.60% (95% CI 6.34 to 9.08%), and 11.11% (95% CI 7.63 to 11.81%), respectively; these levels were lower than those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The population attributable fraction of risk factors associated with T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs for dogs living in proximity of an abattoir, those having access to raw pork or beef viscera, and those living in multi-dog households were 80%, 19%, and 7%, respectively. This current study identified and quantified the risk factors for taeniasis in dogs thus advocating for targeted community intervention programs to break the lifecycle of T. hydatigena in Dak Lak province.

Chemical composition and physical properties of coffee (Coffea robusta) bee pollen in Daklak province, Vietnam

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of monofloral bee-collected pollen from the coffee (Coffea robusta) plant and its pellet morphology. According to the results coffee bee pollen (CBP) has a high nutritional value. It contains a large percentage of protein, reducing sugar, and lipid. Also, vitamins (B2 and E) and minerals (K, Ca, and P) were found in CBP. In addition, the results revealed that the total polyphenols content (TPC) was 10.62 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) and antioxidant activity (AA) of CBP was 5.52 μmol TE/g DW. Some physical properties of CBP pellet were recorded such as moisture, relative diameter, sphericity, bulk density, and colour parameters. The pollen pellet exhibits shapes of colour from light to dark yellow. These results pointed out that CBP can be used as a remarkable source of compounds with antioxidant activity and health-protective capacity for humans.

Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam.

The entomopathogenic fungus T011, parasitizing on nymph of Cicada, collected in the coffee garden in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, was preliminarily morphologically identified as Isaria cicadae, belonged to order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae. To ensure the authenticity of T011, phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated set of multiple genes including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 was applied to support the identification. Genomic DNA was isolated from dried sample T011. The PCR assay sequencing was applied to amplify ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, Rpb1, and Tef1 gene. For phylogenetic analysis, the concatenated data of both target gens were constructed with MEGAX with a 1,000 replicate bootstrap based on the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony method. As the result, the concatenated data containing 62 sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, families Clavicipitaceae, and 2 outgroup sequences belonged to order Hypocreales, genus Verticillium. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that T011 was accepted at subclade Cordyceps and significantly formed the monophyletic group with referent Cordyceps cicadae (Telemorph of Isaria cicadae) with high bootstrap value. The phylogenetically analyzed result was strongly supported by our morphological analysis described as the Isaria cicadae. In summary, phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated dataset were successfully applied to strengthen the identification of T011 as Isaria cicadae.

The intention of households in the Daklak province to instal smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems

BackgroundSmart grid rooftop solar electricity is a useful power resource and a viable alternative to conventionally generated energy. In the context of Vietnam, it could help people control their own source of electrical power and reduce power outages. This problem is expected to worsen in the future. Previous studies have shown that very few smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems have been installed by households in the Daklak Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, and that as of 30th May 2019, only 18 out of 435,688 households had installed such a system. Moreover, only a small number of people knew about this resource.MethodBased on previous investigations, this study proposed a research model that includes factors, which might affect the intention to instal smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems. However, the amount of money that people would be willing to pay (WTP) for the installation of such systems depends on their current electricity consumption. Therefore, to investigate this issue, a questionnaire was developed to survey 300 households in the Daklak Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. A probit binary model was used to analyse the collected data from the questionnaire for this study.ResultsAfter interviewing the respondents from the 300 households in the research area and introducing into the concept and benefits of the smart grid solar electricity generating systems, they were more aware and knowledgeable of the concept. Thirty-three percent of households mentioned that they intended to instal such a system and were willing to pay between USD 1240 and USD 2220 for an appropriate-sized system based on their current electricity consumption and needs. Those households that possessed a high awareness of smart grid rooftop solar power were more likely to express the intention to instal such a system. However, it was also revealed that government incentives and household attitudes were important factors that influence the intention to instal such a system. In contrast, factors such as environmental concerns and the innovativeness of households were less influential.ConclusionThe awareness and understanding of the 309 households surveyed in this study regarding smart grid rooftop solar electricity systems and government incentives were the leading factors that affected the people’s intention to instal such systems. The majority of the respondents were willing to pay between USD 1240 and USD 2220 for installing such a system. In progressing this initiative in Vietnam, based on the results of this study, the Vietnamese government could identify those households that have the necessary degree of knowledge and awareness of such systems and offering incentives to instal such systems. The government could also develop communication programmes and other initiatives to enhance the understanding and awareness of the community of rooftop solar electricity so that programmes for the development of alternative energy sources could be more effective.

Knowledge on malaria prevention of forest goer and stay overnight group at Ea So commune, Ea Kar district, Dak Lak province in 2021 and some related factors

Objectives: To describe the knowledge of malaria prevention and control of the forest goers in Ea So commune, Ea Kar district, Dak Lak province in 2021 and some related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with analysis on 292 forest goers, in Ea So commune, Ea Kar district, Dak Lak province from March 2021 to May 2021. Results: The research subjects are mainly men (75.0%), most of them are H'Mong and Muong ethnic groups, accounting for 29.79% and 21.58%, respectively; The majority of the study population knew that the cause of malaria was mainly mosquito bites, accounting for 95.2%. Besides, the study participants knew about symptoms of the disease in the order of fever, chills and sweating (96.92%, 86.64% and 68.49%). In addition, they had a good knowledge with a high rate of 95.21%. Education, age groups are related to malaria prevention knowledge. Conclusion: Most of the foresters have good knowledge about malaria. Education, age groups are related to malaria prevention knowledge.

Learning Lessons of Thanh HOA Province in Building Ecotourism Models FROM some Locals of Vietnam

The mountainous area to the west of Thanh Hoa province is a land with many advantages in terms of rich and diverse natural resources, including forest resources, mountains, lakes, waterfalls, caves and many landscapes and landmarks. To conserve tourism resources at tourist destinations, for sustainable development, and at the same time to encourage and create opportunities for local people to participate, over the years, eco-cultural tourism and ethnic groups in many localities throughout the country: Lac Village – Mai Chau (Hoa Binh province), Ba Be National Park (Bac Kan province), Sin Chai – Sa Pa (Lao Cai province), Buon Don (Dak Lak province)… With the content of this article, the author will focus on giving lessons learned based on actual research in localities to apply to Thanh Hoa province of Vietnam.

Same useful fixative from resin in Vietnam

Today, fixatives from natural raw materials are gradually replacing fixatives synthesized from chemicals. The arm of this research is the study of same useful resin in Vietnam for fixative substance in blending fragrance. We obtained Benzoin resin from Styrax tonkenensis Pierre plant in Ha Giang province, Canarium resin from Canarium Album L. in Dak Nong district, Dak Lak province, and Agarwood pulp of Aquilaria crassna plant in Binh Thuan province Vietnam. The material used in the experiment for the natural fragrance was taken from the project of Vietnam essential oils and related natural products. The method of this process is resin extraction by volatile solvents. The resin is dissolved in alcohol 96% and the distilled alcohol is removed to obtain absolute. The method of assessment of product quality in this study is using the olfactory to assess the odour of samples over time. Benzoin resin, Canarium resin, and Agarwood resin of Vietnam are useful fixatives in blending fragrance. The fixative ability of Benzoin resin absolute is not equal to the ability of Agarwood resin absolute but better than the ability of Canarium resin absolute. Through research and experiment, we can see Benzoin resin, Canarium resin and Agarwood resin are precious. They can be used as a good fixative in aromatherapy. This is a natural resin, a kind of resource available in Vietnam. Therefore, it is recommended for further research, exploitation, and effective use of this resource.

LESSON STUDY IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN EA H'LEO DISTRICT, DAK LAK PROVINCE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Lesson study is a model of teacher training which has been widely applied in high schools in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the practice of lesson study and its role to teachers’ professional development in meeting the requirements of educational innovation. A survey was conducted with a group of 217 high school managers and teachers in Ea H'Leo district, Dak Lak province. The research methods in use were questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that lesson study, in general, was implemented effectively in high schools in Ea H'Leo district, Dak Lak. The requirements in each step were basically well-met. However, there still existed some elements of traditional professional activities in the current practice of lesson study. The research results also showed the positive impact of lesson study on high school teachers’ professional development. The findings lead to the fact that high schools need to promote the implementation of lesson study and ensure the conditions required for conductinglesson study.

Teaching methods of history and geography and it influence for students in primary schools, vietnam

ICT, IoTs (Internet of Things)and AI (artificial Intelligence) nowadays can have certain influence onteaching methods of history and geography for students in primary schools in emerging markets suchas Vietnam. Through these methods of teaching, students and pupils in primary schools can havecompetent development. To achieve the results, authors use some research methods, includingdocument analysis, pedagogical observation, qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods,survey at primary schools in Dak Lak province. We see that teachers’ skills such as psychological,pedagogy and computer skills will affect their students’ thinking ability, creativity and IT skills, etc.Also, we emphasizes on story telling method for students from lecturers side.

Carriage of ESBL and Amp-C -b -lactamase among Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs in kennels Dak Lak province

The global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and Extended-Spectrum and AmpC Beta- Lactamases is continuously widespread among Escherichia coli during recent years, especially in Viet Nam. In Viet Nam, there have been researches on ESBL and AmpC-carrying E. coli inhabiting animal and human. However, studies of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli residing in pets, especially dogs are unavailable. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST), the resistance to 3rd cephalosporin and penicillin, also to assess the molecular detection of ESBL and Amp-C-beta -lactamase in E. coli isolates inhabiting the digestive tract of dogs at kennels Dak Lak. By using double disk synergy test (DDST), and ceftazidime-imipenem antagonism test (CIAT) to detect phenotypic characteristic of E. coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated Amp-C-beta -lactamase, and by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) to confirm the presence of ESBL genes (class A): blaCTX-M(1;2;8;9;25), bla TEM, bla SHV , bla OXA and genes encoding AmpC-type beta lactamase (class C): bla MOX-1;2 , bla CMY- (1;2-7;8-11) , blaLAT-(1;4) ,bla DHA-(1;2), bla ACC, bla FOX-(1-5B) ,bla MIR-1 ,bla ACT-1. From of three hundred twelve bacteial strains isolated from sixty-four rectal swabs two hundred sixty-nine E. Coli, isolates accounting for 86%, were identified and isolated, forty-four (16%) and twelve (4%) E. coli isolates encoding with ESBL and Amp-C-beta -lactamases. From molecular diagnosis with regard to phenotype, production of ESBL was shown in thirty-nine (15%) E. coli isolates and Amp-C enzymes in eight (3%) E. coli isolates. The high percentage of E. coli exhibiting antibiotic resistance revealed the accelerated overuse of antibiotics. Result of this study will contribute to the monitoring of epidemiologic resistance.

SITUATION OF MEDICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KRONG BONG GENERAL HOSPITAL, DAKLOK PROVINCE, 2019

A qualitative research was conducted from March 2019 to August 2019 at KrongBong district general healthcare, Daklak province to evaluate the current situation of medical solid waste management at the hospital in 2019. The results indicated that most of the solid waste management at KrongBong District General Hospital have fulfilled the criteria specified in Circular 58. However, there still have some activities, such as there was no specialized waste transportation vehicle, the conventional solid waste storage was not performed well, the treatment of recycled solid waste was not in accordance with regulations. Besides, the hospital has not paid much attention to the inspection and supervision of solid waste management in departments and has not imposed sanctions, rewards or penalties for the waste management.

Groundwater Potential Mapping Using GIS-Based Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Methods.

Groundwater is one of the major valuable water resources for the use of communities, agriculture, and industries. In the present study, we have developed three novel hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) models which is a combination of modified RealAdaBoost (MRAB), bagging (BA), and rotation forest (RF) ensembles with functional tree (FT) base classifier for the groundwater potential mapping (GPM) in the basaltic terrain at DakLak province, Highland Centre, Vietnam. Based on the literature survey, these proposed hybrid AI models are new and have not been used in the GPM of an area. Geospatial techniques were used and geo-hydrological data of 130 groundwater wells and 12 topographical and geo-environmental factors were used in the model studies. One-R Attribute Evaluation feature selection method was used for the selection of relevant input parameters for the development of AI models. The performance of these models was evaluated using various statistical measures including area under the receiver operation curve (AUC). Results indicated that though all the hybrid models developed in this study enhanced the goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, but MRAB-FT (AUC=0.742) model outperformed RF-FT (AUC=0.736), BA-FT (AUC=0.714), and single FT (AUC=0.674) models. Therefore, the MRAB-FT model can be considered as a promising AI hybrid technique for the accurate GPM. Accurate mapping of the groundwater potential zones will help in adequately recharging the aquifer for optimum use of groundwater resources by maintaining the balance between consumption and exploitation.

Ecological Characteristic of Grazing Vegetation and Capacity Food for the Large Cattle in Central Highland, Vietnam

The Highland Central of Vietnam has a high potential for livestock development with a vast area of grazing areas include scrubs, grassland and some forest types but currently, the livestock of the Central Highland has been facing with a problem as long period of dry season as 4-6 months that make most of the plant communities stop growing. To contribute to the livestock development of the Central Highland, in this study, we focus on the ecological characteristics of the natural vegetation to gather experiences about the structure, seasonal rhythm and succession trend of each plant communities related to grazing. Therefore, in this paper, the ecological characteristics of 11 natural ecological habitats and 1 artificial habitat are descripted; natural grazing vegetation includes 5 forests, 3 scrubs and 3 grasslands belonging to 3 bio-climate types (tropical monsoon moisture, tropical monsoon dry and sub-tropical monsoon moisture) and 3 ecological canopy types (evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous). The seasonal rhythm of each ecosystem also affects to the food resources for the cattle, among that, the main food was found in dry grasslands and scrubs in the rainy season but in the dry season those habitats have support food not considerable, the cattle would get food from the moisture habitats in this period. The largest changes of food source ratios between rainy and dry seasons were found in Dak Lak and Gia Lai provinces, where the dry habitats are common while the changing ratios at Kon Tum and Lam Dong provinces have been not much that means two provinces would support food for the large cattle stability during the year. However, when the density of the cattle head is too high, the capacity of the habitat is lower than the requirement of the animal, especially in the dry season, the natural food sources cannot adapt for the cattle food requirement and the people must use the other sources such as planting, industrial food. The density of the cattle also effects on the ecological succession trend of each habitat. In normally, the forest would be changed to the scrubs, the scrubs would be changed to the grassland and vice versa. In the first trend, it is positive but the second trend is negative. Because of high density of cattle, the negative ecological succession within the natural vegetation related to the grazing in the Central Highland has been found at the western area of Dak Lak and Gia Lai provinces, most areas of Kon Tum and Dak Nong provinces except the habitat along the boundary of the special used forest (national park, nature reserves) and the positive succession would be found at all of the special used forest areas, Lam Dong province, Southeastern area of Dak Lak province, Central areas of Gia Lai province.

Chloritis caseus (PFEIFFER, 1860) - LOÀI GHI NHẬN MỚI CHO KHU HỆ THÂN MỀM Ở CẠN VIỆT NAM (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: CAMAENIDAE)

The genus Chloritis H. Beck, 1837 comprises 160 species in the world and is restricted to South-east Asia with numerous species having usually small distributional ranges. There were eight Chloritis species discovered in Vietnam. Specimens of Chloritis caseus (Pfeiffer, 1860) have been found in Dak Lak Province as a new record for the fauna of Vietnam, thus so far, there is a total of nine species of the genus Chloritis reveated for terrestrial molluscs of Vietnam. Chloritis caseus has some the following characters as: shell medium, dextral, yellowish-brown in colour; shell rather flat with slightly elevated spire; body whorl keeled, somewhat shouldered due to slight depression from ventrolateral direction; whorls 4½, convex, separated by impressively deep suture; approximately quarter of the last whorl turns obliquely downwards, so the aperture is directed toward umbilicus; aperture rounded, peristome expanded, reflexed and thickened; parietal callus present only; umbilicus open.

Applying Mind Map in Teaching History in Primary Schools – Case Study of Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

This article discusses the role and meaning of the application mind map in teaching history in primary schools in Vietnam. In doing so, this paper studies requirements, designing process and then proposes satisfactory methods to apply mind map in teaching history suitably in Vietnamese education environment. By doing so, the research partly improves the quality and effectiveness of historical lessons in primary schools (class 4 and 5) in to obtain a higher aim of developing students’ abilities. In this paper, the author applies mixed researching methods including analyzing data, pedagogical viewing, surveying, and pedagogical experiment and then evaluating educational experience. The research’s results support previous studies about the role and effectiveness of using mind map in teaching in general and in teaching history in particular. The author also suggests that in to promote the success of mind map in education, teachers need to mix several teaching methods and technics.