Daily Working Time Research Articles

Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Conditions in the Working Environments of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Csa Koppen Climate Type

This study focuses on determining the thermal comfort conditions of seasonal agricultural workers during the hot periods of the year when agricultural production is intense in the Aksu/Türkiye region, which is characterized by the Csa climate type according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. In this study, the thermal comfort conditions of seasonal agricultural workers working on open farmlands were evaluated in ten-day, monthly, and seasonal periods for 6 months between 5:00 and 21:00 h using the modified Physiological Equivalent Temperature (mPET) index in the Rayman Pro software according to their activity energy during work. The results of the study reveal that increased activity energy leads to a decrease in thermal comfort conditions of agricultural workers, mPET values of agricultural workers engaged in soil cultivation (Group II) are 2.1 to 2.9 °C higher than the mPET values of workers engaged in plant care and harvesting (Group I), and the agricultural workers in Group II are exposed to more heat stress. The thermal comfort conditions of agricultural workers in Group I deteriorate between 09:00 and 16:00 h with mPET values between 34.1 and 35.3 °C and those of agricultural workers in Group II deteriorate between 08:00 and 17:00 h with mPET values between 34.3 and 37.7 °C. In this context, the daily comfortable working time in the morning and afternoon was found to be 9 h for Group I and 7 h for Group II. Overall, determining the comfortable working hours of agricultural workers in regions with different climate types in future studies will be an important resource for decision-makers in developing strategies to protect the health and increase the productivity of agricultural workers.

A WORKLOAD DEPENDENT RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SCHEDULING PROBLEM FOR NAVY HELICOPTER PILOTS

In this paper, we consider a problem inspired by a real-life problem, which aims to schedule high multiplicity jobs on a single machine by taking into account the organization-specific constraints in a different schedule structure. The schedule is daily with daytime and nighttime periods. The operator is considered as an additional resource that varies in terms of consumption and scheduling depending on the period. There are specific rest periods before and after night-period jobs, and night-period jobs affect both the daily working time and number of the jobs in the daytime- period. In addition, the operator's daily workload is divided into two categories: normal and heavy. If the workload is heavy on consecutive days, specific rest periods must be scheduled. The integer programming model of the problem is presented. The feasible solutions obtained in a short time with greedy constructive heuristic algorithms are used in the exact solution approach as both upper bound and warm-start point. Finally, the effectiveness of the solution approaches is compared and evaluated through numerical experiments carried out for a variety of problem instances of different sizes.

Workload reduction through automated documentation in intensive and intermediate care - a monocentric observational study.

The global coronavirus pandemic has placed an unprecedented and enormous burden on health systems worldwide. In addition to a shortage of resources, nurses were also confronted with high levels of sick leave and an increasing exodus from the profession. Automating documentation obligations is an effective way of reducing the burden on the workplace. The study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. The time required for the manual documentation of administered medication and dose changes of syringe and infusion pumps was recorded using the patient data management system (PDMS) representing all intensive and intermediate care wards (n = 6). Subsequently, all medication administration - grouped into five classes - was evaluated from January 1st, 2019, until December 31st, 2022. A total of 1,373,340 drug applications were studied, treating 32,499 patients. Data were obtained from ICUs (68%) and IMC wards (32%). This corresponds to an overall time of 2,901 ± 233 hours per year. Based on publicly known national rates for intensive care nurses, an annual financial expenditure of approximately 83,300 € (~ USD 89,300) per year was estimated. A non-negligible part of the daily working time in the medical sector is spent on documentation duties. This aggravates the high workload, which has increased in recent years. Automated documentation systems can lead to considerable relief and the possibility of focusing primarily on the patient and on other core competencies and activities. This is even more important, as available staff will be a key resource in patient care for the foreseeable future.

Sleeping More Hours Per Day Than Working Can Prevent New-Onset Diabetes.

Objectives: We expressed the combined effect by the ratio of daily sleep time to daily work time. The aim of this study was to discussed the predictive ability of daily sleep hours/work hours (SH/WH) ratio for diabetes risk. Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of new-onset diabetes. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to visualize the influence trend of SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk. Results: The RCS model revealed a non-linear and L-shaped correlation between SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk. Compared with the participates with SH/WH ratio <1, those with a ratio ≥1 had a lower risk of developing diabetes. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of new-onset diabetes in Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 groups compared with Q1 group were 0.82 (0.57, 1.19), 1.05 (0.69, 1.59), 0.57 (0.36, 0.91), 0.66 (0.42, 1.06). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that Q4 group had lower cumulative incidence. Conclusion: Sleeping longer than working (SH/WH ratio ≥1) can reduce risk for developing diabetes. A minimal risk observed at 1.10-<1.37 (the fourth quintile) of SH/WH ratio.

Long day for few hours: impact of working time fragmentation on low wages in France

Abstract Since the 1980s, working hours have tended to become more diverse and flexible. These developments impact not only the possibilities of synchronising social time but also pay levels. Duration indicators become less relevant, since they disconnect the time worked and paid from the impact of the work on employees’ lives. The objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of this disconnection by measuring the fragmentation of the working day. We propose an indicator of ‘density of daily working time’ which links two specific durations (the extent of the working day and the average daily duration of working). This indicator shows that a low density of the working day makes it possible to circumvent the minimum wage principle, particularly in the case of lower-skilled service occupations. These results raise questions about how working time is measured and about its regulation.

Knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of community pharmacy staff in Mures County, Romania, to provide the brief advice to stop smoking: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background and objective: Providing brief advice to stop smoking (BASS) can significantly increase motivation to quit, long-term smoking cessation rates, and substantially impact public health. The study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of community pharmacy staff in Mures County, Romania, to provide BASS to smokers. Methods: The observational, cross-sectional study included a sample of 96 professionals working in community pharmacies in Mures County, Romania. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Generally, more than 90% of the respondents acknowledged that smoking is addictive, represents a health hazard, and increases the risk of lung and laryngeal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart attack, and stroke. Up to 70% of the respondents recognized the most common scientifically proven quit medications, such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. Most pharmacists agreed that they should regularly ask the patients about their smoking status and encourage smokers to quit. They also declared they should receive continual education regarding quit services, medications, and techniques. BASS was credited with very high efficacy by 17.1%, high efficacy by 26.8%, and moderate efficacy by 46.3% of the respondents. The most common perceived barriers to providing BASS in community pharmacies were lack of demand from smokers (78.0%), lack of time (73.2%), and lack of educational materials (39.0%). About 70% of the pharmacists received no formal training regarding quit services, but more than 75% were interested in earning such a qualification. About 65% of the respondents estimated they could dedicate 10-15 minutes of their daily working time to provide BASS to interested customers. Conclusions: Overall, the study found an acceptable level of knowledge and willingness of the participants in offering BASS, suggesting that a program to provide BASS in Mures County community pharmacies may be feasible and useful.

어린 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부모의 퇴근시간과 시간압박감의 관계

As demands for work-life balance have steadily increased in South Korea, the time workers leave work on a workday has become a central issue. This study examines whether work finishing time is associated with subjective time pressure among Korean dual-earner parents with young children, focusing on variations according to gender. Using the 2019 Korean Time Use Survey, we selected the weekday workday time diaries of married dual-earner parents under age 60 living with spouses and young children (542 diaries from 363 mothers, 766 diaries from 520 fathers) and conducted ordinal logistic regression models. Our results show that dual-earner parents’ work finishing time is significantly associated with their subjective time pressure. Moreover, there were significant gender differences in the association. For mothers, leaving work earlier (5-6pm) than the standard time (6-7pm) is likely to reduce their time pressure. For fathers, leaving work late (after 7pm) is significantly associated with feeling greater time pressure. We conclude that the implications of dual-earner parents’ work finishing time differ by gender.

T4 Integration of PT/OT in Burn Wound Care Increases Therapist Productivity

Abstract Introduction Inpatient physical (PT) and occupational (OT) burn therapists must balance complex patient factors such as daily wound care when attempting skilled therapy sessions, while also attaining specific productivity standards. These factors often lead to inefficient work flow and loss of productivity. The purpose of this study was to assess the productivity and feasibility of therapist integration into daily burn wound care. Methods A quality improvement project was initiated by the burn therapy team at our ABA verified burn center. One full time equivalent (FTE) PT or OT was assigned to the burn wound care team five days a week, involving 6 therapists (3 PTs and 3 OTs). General duties included wound assessment, functional wound dressings, and skilled therapeutic interventions. The primary outcome measure was individual therapist productivity tracked 3 months pre and 3 months post project implementation. Productivity was calculated by taking total billable patient time divided by total workday time, with a goal of 50% productivity. Billed time units were also compared to goal units. The results were analyzed using a paired t-test to measure significance and averaged. The secondary outcome measure was program feasibility, assessed by a qualitative questionnaire taken by burn staff pre and post. Results Overall therapist productivity increased, 49% pre implementation vs 54% post (p=0.0041). The difference of billed vs goal units increased, 5 pre vs 15.9 post (p= 0.00142). Proportion of therapists meeting target productivity increased, 57.1% pre vs 90.5% post (p=0.0052). Prior to program implementation, survey results found that 77% of burn staff (n=23 respondents) were favorable of project implementation, whereas 23% were either hesitant or indifferent. After 3 months post implementation, 95% of burn staff were favorable of therapist participation, 95% indicated ease of staffing burden, and 100% reported improved multidisciplinary communication. Furthermore, 100% of burn staff felt that the unit’s workflow had improved. Conclusions Full time therapy participation in wound care increases therapist productivity and increases the likelihood of meeting target productivity in the future. The majority of burn staff actively supported this pilot program and felt that it eased staffing demands, improved unit workflow, and improved multidisciplinary communication. Future efforts should focus on measuring specific patient outcomes and cost as a result of therapist participation in daily wound care practice. Applicability of Research to Practice All burn units should consider implementing a skilled burn therapist in wound care practice.

Who is doing the chores and childcare in dual-earner couples during the COVID-19 era of working from home?

In 2020-21, parents' work-from-home days increased three-and-a-half-fold following the initial COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns compared to 2015-19. At the same time, many schools offered virtual classrooms and daycares closed, increasing the demand for household-provided childcare. Using weekday workday time diaries from American Time Use Survey and looking at parents in dual-earner couples, we examine parents' time allocated to paid work, chores, and childcare in the COVID-19 era by the couple's joint work location arrangements. We determine the work location of the respondent directly from their diary and predict the partner's work-from-home status. Parents working from home alone spent more time on childcare compared to their counterparts working on-site, though only mothers worked fewer paid hours. When both parents worked from home compared to on-site, mothers and fathers maintained their paid hours and spent more time on childcare, though having a partner also working from home reduced child supervision time. On the average day, parents working from home did equally more household chores, regardless of their partner's work-from-home status; however, on the average school day, only fathers working from home alone spent more time on household chores compared to their counterparts working on-site. We also find that mothers combined paid work and child supervision to a greater extent than did fathers.

Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Single-Axle Tractors with Gasoline and Diesel Engine

Highlights Operators of single-axle tractors are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations. A single-axle tractor with a gasoline engine produces lower vibrations than a tractor with a diesel engine. The daily working time with the single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators. If daily vibration exposure is not limited, hand-arm vibration syndrome may occur in a relatively short time. Abstract. Single-axle tractors are often the only source of mechanical power for agricultural activities on small farms, but operators are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations transmitted from the handles. These vibrations can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), which includes vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this paper was to evaluate and compare the vibrations transmitted to the operator’s hands from the handles of two single-axle tractors (with gasoline and diesel engines). The vibration levels were measured at engine idling mode and at full load during soil tillage. The frequency-weighted acceleration values during soil tillage were 11.76, 2.90, and 6.16 m s-2 for the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine, while the values for the single-axle tractor with diesel engine were 22.47, 6.83, and 7.95 m s-2 in the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. As expected, significantly lower acceleration values were measured for both tractors at engine idling mode. The daily vibration exposure of the operator of the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine was 9.02 m s-2, and at such exposure, hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after 3.09 years. For the single-axle tractor with a diesel engine, the daily exposure was 16.86 m s-2, and hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after only 1.59 years. The daily working time with a single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators, and work schedules should be arranged to include vibration-free periods. Keywords: Ergonomics, Exposure limits, Hand-arm vibrations, IC engine, Single-axle tractor.

Arbeitsbezogenes sedentäres Verhalten

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSedentäres Verhalten ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für chronische Krankheiten und einer höheren Gesamtmortalität assoziiert. Arbeitsbezogenes Sitzen hat einen großen Anteil am täglichen sedentären Verhalten, insbesondere bei Büroangestellten.Ziel der ArbeitIn dieser Studie sollte untersucht werden, wie viel Zeit bei verschiedenen Aufgaben am Arbeitsplatz und beim Pendeln von Verwaltungsangestellten einer Universitätsklinik in Deutschland im Sitzen verbracht wird.Material und MethodenEine fragebogengestützte Querschnittsstudie mit Verwaltungsangestellten des Universitätsklinikums Regensburg wurde durchgeführt, um arbeitsbezogenes sedentäres Verhalten zu untersuchen.ErgebnisseDie Studienpopulation bestand aus 159 Teilnehmenden (54,1 % Frauen, 51,6 % älter als 40 Jahre), was einer Antwortquote von 26 % entspricht. Die durchschnittliche tägliche Sitzzeit am Arbeitsplatz betrug im Median 7,0 h (Interquartilsbereich [IQR] 6,0–7,5 h) und fand hauptsächlich bei der Computerarbeit statt (57,3 %). Die mittlere Stehzeit bei der Arbeit betrug im Median 0,8 h (IQR 0,3–1,4 h). Verwaltungsangestellte verbrachten während des Pendelns im Median 0,7 h (IQR 0,3–1,0 h) pro Tag im Sitzen. Die Teilnehmenden waren der Ansicht, dass langes und ununterbrochenes Sitzen negative (69,6 %) oder eher negative (29,7 %) Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit hat.DiskussionVerwaltungspersonal in Krankenhäusern verbringt einen großen Teil der täglichen Arbeitszeit mit sedentärem Verhalten. Maßnahmen, die es ermöglichen, sowohl im Sitzen als auch im Stehen zu arbeiten, können zu einer Verringerung der arbeitsbedingten Sitzzeit führen und damit die Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz und im weiteren Sinne die öffentliche Gesundheit verbessern.

Influence of video display terminal use and meibomian gland dysfunction on the ocular surface and tear neuromediators.

To evaluate the effects of video display terminal (VDT) work and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on ocular surface parameters, tear cytokine and substance P (SP) levels, and their association with dry eye disease (DED). This cross-sectional study included 60 patients with evaporative DED and 20 healthy individuals. The DED patients were divided into three groups according to daily VDT work time and presence of MGD. The ocular surface and tear film were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, Schirmer II test, and corneal sensitivity. MGD was evaluated with meibography. Corneal nerve alterations were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). The tear levels of 30 cytokines and SP were examined. Compared to controls, DED patients had higher OSDI score (p < 0.001), increased corneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine green (p = 0.046, p = 0,038), and lower TBUT (p < 0.001). Tear interleukin-6 levels were higher in DED patients, while tear SP levels did not differ between the groups (p = 0.265). VDT work time showed a weak positive correlation with OSDI (r = 0.274, p = 0.014) and SP level (r = 0.284, p = 0.011). The results of this study show that VDT use and MGD have an adverse effect on the ocular surface. It was also observed that the combination of VDT use and MGD did not significantly increase the ocular surface disease, but longer VDT exposure may be associated with more complaints of ocular discomfort.

Electronic Health Record Work Demands for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Providers: A Prospective Use Analysis and Survey Study.

There is a paucity of research on the use of the electronic health record (EHR) by gastroenterology and hepatology providers and its effect on work-life balance. Our aim was to study the after-hour EHR work completed among providers within a multispecialty academic practice. Time spent completing EHR tasks during evening hours (7p-7a) and days off was prospectively recorded for 35 providers over six consecutive months at a single center. Type and time of EHR tasks completed were compared based on subspecialty, academic degree, academic track category, identified gender, and number of weekly assigned clinical days worked. Prior to the data collection, providers filled out a survey regarding EHR use, work hours, and work-life balance. All providers used EHR during evening hours and during days off. The total mean after-hours time spent completing EHR tasks was 18.4m (± 13.0) per day and 45.0m (± 25.8) during days off. There was significant variation in the daily mean after-hours time spent completing EHR tasks among subspecialties, range 45.3m (± 27.1) (advanced endoscopy)-28.7m (± 22.7) (hepatology), and among providers who work clinically > 7.5days per week versus those who do not, 42.1m (± 25.7) vs 30.0m (± 14.0). The most common after-hours EHR task was note completion. 83% providers reported being unable to complete EHR tasks during allotted workday time and 87% report that EHR tasks interfered with family life; 74% with social life. Gastroenterology and hepatology providers spend a significant amount of after-hour time completing EHR tasks which is perceived to interfere with family/social life.

Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Diet, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Stress.

Many companies switched to working from home (WFH) after the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to examine the changes in dietary behavior, body weight, sedentary lifestyle, and stress in individuals who practice WFH. A cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire was administered between March and May 2021 and included socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, WFH arrangement, changes in diet, sedentary lifestyle, and stress status. A total of 328 individuals (260 women, 68 men), aged 31.3 ± 8.3 years with a BMI of 24.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2, participated in the study. The questionnaire revealed that the daily working time increased with WFH. The majority of the individuals (59.1%) gained weight. The average daily sedentary time and the Perceived Stress Scale score increased significantly. The daily sedentary time and Non-Healthy Diet Index scores were higher in individuals who gained weight (p < 0.05). A multinominal regression model revealed that increased body weight was less likely in individuals with underweight and normal BMI classifications. Normal BMI, stable work shifts, and no physical activity were positive predictors for gaining weight. These results suggest that WFH may have significant negative effects on physical and mental status of individuals.

Associations between Work-Related Factors and Happiness among Working Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundAs the global population ages, the number of older adults working after retirement is increasing. However, knowledge regarding working conditions for health and happiness among this population is insufficient. Therefore, we examined the association between work-related factors (e.g., employment status, daily working time, work-related stress) and happiness among working older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited Japanese older adults, aged 65 years and older, who were engaged in paid work, during their annual health checkups. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess happiness, employment status, daily working time, and work-related stress (i.e., job strain, job control, job suitability, and relationships at work).ResultsThe data of 520 men and 168 women were analyzed (mean ages, 68.5 years and 68.0 years, respectively). The results of the multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that low job suitability was negatively associated with happiness in men (odds ratio [OR]=0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.78; p=0.004). In women, long working hours and low job control were negatively associated with happiness—working >8 hours daily (OR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.71; p=0.008) and low job control (OR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.72; p=0.009).ConclusionThe results showed that low job suitability for men and long daily working time and low job control for women were negatively associated with happiness. These findings suggest the need to improve working conditions to enhance the well-being of working older adults.

The Role of Women on Dairy Goat Farms in Southern Spain.

Simple SummaryThe involvement of women in livestock production is a tradition around the world, where women have been associated with small animal farming, mainly based on family production systems. They used to be responsible for animal care (feeding and milking) and family care (children and the elderly), with the working hours exceeding the daily working time defined in developed countries. Men are responsible for the farm’s management and finances. In Europe, small ruminants are mainly raised in adverse environments. Nevertheless, they contribute to maintaining an open environment and the prevention of fire damage in times of drought. On the farms studied, a lower incidence of mastitis in goats was found when a woman worked on the farm (they milk with more care and patience). In this study, there is a predominance of farms with women and men (a family unit), where the genders both equally participate when making decisions that involve household expenses; however, this shared control usually ends up being transferred to the man. In addition, very few women are the owners of farms or make binding decisions. Finally, the inclusion of women should be recommended throughout the small ruminant productive process: this would help improve farming results and provide an incentive to keep women in rural areas.One of the factors involved in goat milk production is the role of women as farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of women on dairy goat farms, considering: (1) the profile of women occupationally involved, (2) the organization of the women’s work, (3) the degree of involvement by women in the decision-making on these farms, and (4) the influence of women’s work on productive results. This study was conducted on 52 dairy goat farms in southern Spain. A descriptive analysis and means comparisons were performed to describe the farms where any women were involved or not. In 61.5% of the farms, at least one woman was involved, with an age of 42.2 ± 8.8 years. Very few women were farm owners, although women took binding decisions in 81.25% of these farms. Their work is dedicated to milking and caring for the kids. Women had a positive influence on the productive variables analysed, and for mastitis in herds, the incidence was lower in herds where women participated (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it is recommended to include women’s work as a factor when characterizing dairy goats farms’ systems to evaluate their positive effect on a farm’s performance.

Pattern of opinions of young physicians in gynecology and obstetrics in northern Germany

HintergrundDer ärztliche Nachwuchs hat disruptive Effekte und macht auch vor dem Fach Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe nicht halt. Noch fokussiert sich der Diskurs auf die Generation Y (1980–1994). Um dem Nachwuchs ein konstruktives Arbeitsumfeld zu bieten, drängt die Zeit. Es gilt, sich dessen Anforderungen an ein solches zu vergegenwärtigen.ZielsetzungErfassen des Stimmungsbilds des ärztlichen Nachwuchses in der Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe mit anschließender Ableitung praxisrelevanter Aspekte unter Berücksichtigung der künftig dominierenden Generation Z (1995–2009).MethodenVon Januar bis Oktober 2021 wurde eine deskriptive Querschnittserhebung des ärztlichen Nachwuchses ausbildender Kliniken im Fach Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe durchgeführt. Es wurden 81 Fragen zu 6 Themen online abgefragt.ErgebnisAusgewertet wurden 122 Fragebögen (n = 122): 28 % (n = 33) schätzen die Arbeitsbelastung als sehr hoch, 56 % (n = 67) als hoch ein. Zwei Drittel (n = 81) arbeiten wöchentlich 40–59 h. Den Anteil delegierbarer Tätigkeiten beziffern 67 % (n = 80) auf > 25 %. 88 % (n = 105) verbringen 25–75 % der täglichen Arbeitszeit mit Dokumentieren. 92 % (n = 109) wünschen sich regelmäßige Ober- bzw. Chefarztvisiten, 81 % (n = 95) beurteilen die Weiterbildung schlechter als gut. Für 32 % (n = 38) besteht ein ausgeglichenes Verhältnis zwischen Gesundheit und Beruf, 25 % (n = 29) beurteilen die Arbeitsbedingungen als familienfreundlich, und 88 % (n = 102) wären bereit, bei anhaltender Unzufriedenheit den Arbeitgeber zu wechseln.SchlussfolgerungDen Nachwuchs dominieren Forderungen nach Weiterbildung, Teilzeit, Sinnhaftigkeit, Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, Wertschätzung und Selbstfürsorge. Lösungskonzepte, um diesen gerecht zu werden, stünden zur Verfügung.Zusatzmaterial onlineZusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00129-022-04942-5) enthalten.

Working Situation And Research Willingness: A Case Of Primary School Teachers In The Southeast Of China

Based on the pursuit of research-oriented teachers, this study temped to understand whether school teachers have the time, willingness, and demands to conduct research while teaching. A qualitative survey was conducted among primary school mathematics teachers in southern Fujian province, the Southeast of China, through Questionnaires Star, and 102 texts were obtained. The survey found that primary school mathematics teachers' average daily work time in the sample was about 10 hours. The work contents were cumbersome and diverse, including rigid and semi-rigid tasks, and a social control mode of short-term responsibility with limited personal autonomy was found. The lesson preparation adopted the modification and imitation mode, and the classroom teaching conducted preset adjustment orientation. The research awareness and innovation ability of lesson preparation and teaching were insufficient, but the overall willingness to do research was very high. Teaching-based empirical research was their favorite, aiming at improving personal, professional rank, and student achievement. The reasons for not wanting to do research were mainly busy work, lack of theoretical literacy, and expecting mentors to lead or team up with famous teachers. As such, some recommendations were put forward.

DENEYİMSİZ GİRİŞİMCİ VE SERİ GİRİŞİMCİLERİN İŞ ALGI VE DAVRANIŞLARI: ESNAF VE SANATKARLARA YÖNELİK BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Craftsman and artisans are an important source of employment and economic development spread throughout our country. It is seen that among the craftsman and artisans, there are those who have the first business ownership, as well as those who close their businesses and establish new businesses. Those who own their first business can be the first to establish the business themselves, or they can have their first business experience through takeover, and these are expressed as novice entrepreneurs. Those who have previous business experience and own a business are defined as experienced entrepreneurs. Novice and serial entrepreneurship is one of the subjects on which many studies have been carried out in the international literature recently, but it is seen that there are not enough studies in our country. For this reason, the research is accepted as a research with original value for our country.&#x0D; In the research, a study was conducted with 555 craftsman and artisans’ business founders located in the city of Kahramanmaraş. With the collected research data, first, the ratio of novices and serial entrepreneurs among craftsman and artisans, located in Kahramanmaraş, was determined. Afterwards, it was investigated whether there was a significant difference between the two groups defined as novice and serial entrepreneurs regarding the following subjects: the business activity year, formation of business establishment idea, business growth ideas, the daily average working time, voluntarily choosing their profession, recommending their profession to others, loving their job, the number of employees. Demographic variables were revealed and research hypotheses were tested with the T test. According to the findings, for tradesmen and craftsmen, it has been observed that there is a significant difference in the average working time with the business activity year in novice and serial entrepreneurs. However, it has been concluded that there is no significant difference in the formation of business establishment idea, business growth ideas, choosing their profession voluntarily, recommending their profession to others, loving their job and the number of employees.

Psychological Distress Was Still Serious Among Anesthesiologists Under the Post COVID-19 Era.

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the psychological status and the attitudes toward the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among anesthesiologists. We expected to analyze related factors and offer them some strategies to prevent and manage psychological issues under the post COVID-19 era.MethodsBased on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES), an online survey was designed and conducted among anesthesiologists in Shaanxi, China. Participants were asked to complete a validated questionnaire voluntarily. The following tests were performed: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Screen (PC-PTSD), and the attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccine.ResultsA total of 795 anesthesiologists completed the survey, the majority of them were female, young and middle-aged, well educated, and married. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in this sample were 26.5%, 35.5%, and 19.9%, respectively. Longer daily working time, concomitant basic chronic disease, and COVID-19 exposure were extracted as risk factors for the psychological symptoms, while vaccination, elder age, and married status were negatively associated with them. An unsatisfied vaccination rate (71.9%) which might be linked with inadequate awareness and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine was also detected in this study.ConclusionAnesthesiologists are still under rising pressure of psychological symptoms in the post COVID-19 era. It is imperative to afford continuous psychological support to them and ensure their mental health and professional performance.