Daily Values Research Articles

Deep temporal convolutional networks for F10.7 radiation flux short-term forecasting

Abstract. F10.7, the solar flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7), is often used as an important parameter input in various space weather models and is also a key parameter for measuring the strength of solar activity levels. Therefore, it is valuable to study and forecast F10.7. In this paper, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) approach in deep learning is used to predict the daily value of F10.7. The F10.7 series from 1957 to 2019 are used. The data during 1957–1995 are adopted as the training dataset, the data during 1996–2008 (solar cycle 23) are adopted as the validation dataset, and the data during 2009–2019 (solar cycle 24) are adopted as the test dataset. The leave-one-out method is used to group the dataset for multiple validations. The prediction results for 1–3 d ahead during solar cycle 24 have a high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 5.04–5.18 sfu. The overall accuracy of the TCN forecasts is better than the autoregressive (AR) model (it only takes past values of the F10.7 index as inputs) and the results of the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) forecasts, especially for 2 and 3 d ahead. In addition, the TCN model is slightly better than other neural network models like the backpropagation (BP) neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) network in terms of the solar radiation flux F10.7 forecast. The TCN model predicted F10.7 with a lower root mean square error, a higher correlation coefficient, and a better overall model prediction.

Evaluating the performance of key ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land climate variables across Siberia

AbstractReanalysis datasets provide a continuous picture of the past climate for every point on Earth. They are especially useful in areas with few direct observations, such as Siberia. However, to ensure these datasets are sufficiently accurate they need to be validated against readings from meteorological stations. Here, we analyse how values of six climate variables—the minimum, mean and maximum 2‐metre air temperature, snow depth (SD), total precipitation and wind speed (WSP)—from three reanalysis datasets—ERA‐Interim, ERA5 and ERA5‐Land—compare against observations from 29 meteorological stations across Siberia and the Russian Far East on a daily timescale from 1979 to 2019. All three reanalyses produce values of the mean and maximum daily 2‐metre air temperature that are close to those observed, with the average absolute bias not exceeding 1.54°C. However, care should be taken for the minimum 2‐metre air temperature during the summer months—there are nine stations where correlation values are <0.60 due to inadequate night‐time cooling. The reanalysis values of SD are generally close to those observed after 1992, especially ERA5, when data from some of the meteorological stations began to be assimilated, but the reanalysis SD should be used with caution (if at all) before 1992 as the lack of assimilation leads to large overestimations. For low daily precipitation values the reanalyses provide good approximations, however they struggle to attain the extreme high values. Similarly, for the 10‐metre WSP; the reanalyses perform well with speeds up to 2.5 ms−1 but struggle with those above 5.0 ms−1. For these variables, we recommend using ERA5 over ERA‐Interim and ERA5‐Land in future research. ERA5 shows minor improvements over ERA‐Interim, and, despite an increased spatial resolution, there is no advantage to using ERA5‐Land.

The Burr distribution as an asymptotic law for extreme order statistics and its application to the analysis of statistical regularities in the interplanetary magnetic field

Abstract The representability of the Burr distribution as a mixture of Weibull distribution is studied in order to justify its utility for modelling the statistical regularities in extreme values registered in non-stationary flows of informative events. A result of [24] is improved by extending the domain of admissible values of the parameters which provide the representability of the (generalized) Burr distribution as a scale mixture of the Weibull distribution. This result gives an argument in favour of application of the Burr distribution as a model of statistical regularities of extreme values registered within moderate regular time intervals, say, daily (short-term) extremes. In turn, if we are interested in the statistical regularities of the behaviour of the absolute extreme observation over a long period, say, a decade (the long-term extreme), then it can be noted that the daily extreme values form a sample of the Burr-distributed random variables. As is known, the Burr distribution belongs to the domain of max-attraction of the Fréchet distribution. The problem of improving the accuracy of the approximation of the distribution of the absolute extreme by the Fréchet distribution by the construction of an asymptotic expansion for the distribution of the extreme order statistics in the sample of independent identically Burr-distributed random variables is also considered. These results are illustrated by an example of fitting the Burr distribution to the data representing the extreme values of characteristics of the interplanetary magnetic field.

Association of persistent postoperative hyperglycemia with mortality after elective craniotomy.

The influence of persistent postoperative hyperglycemia after craniotomy has not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that persistent postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with mortality in patients undergoing an elective craniotomy. This study included adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) undergoing an elective craniotomy between January 2011 and March 2021 at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Peak daily blood glucose values measured within the first 7 days after craniotomy were collected. Persistent hyperglycemia was defined by two or more consecutive serum glucose levels of mild, moderate, or severe hyperglycemia. Normoglycemia, mild hyperglycemia, moderate hyperglycemia, and severe hyperglycemia were defined as glucose values of ≤ 6.1 mmol/L, > 6.1 and ≤ 7.8 mmol/L, > 7.8 and ≤ 10.0 mmol/L, and > 10.0 mmol/L, respectively. This study included 14,907 patients undergoing an elective craniotomy. In the multivariable analysis, both moderate (adjusted OR 3.76, 95% CI 2.68-5.27) and severe (adjusted OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.54-5.76) persistent hyperglycemia in patients were associated with higher 30-day mortality compared with normoglycemia. However, this association was not observed in patients with mild hyperglycemia (adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.93-1.88). Interestingly, this association was observed regardless of whether patients had preoperative hyperglycemia. There was no interaction between moderate or severe hyperglycemia and preexisting diabetes (p for interaction = 0.65). When postoperative peak blood glucose values within the first 7 days after craniotomy were evaluated as a continuous variable, for each 1-mmol/L increase in blood glucose, the adjusted OR of 30-day mortality was 1.17 (95% CI 1.14-1.21). Postoperative blood glucose (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78) was superior to preoperative blood glucose (AUC = 0.65; p < 0.001) for predicting mortality. Moderate and severe persistent hyperglycemia in patients were associated with an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (adjusted OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.31-4.42), pneumonia (adjusted OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.40-3.21), myocardial infarction (adjusted OR 4.38, 95% CI 3.41-5.61), and prolonged hospital stays (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29-1.59). In patients undergoing an elective craniotomy, moderate and severe persistent postoperative hyperglycemia were associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with normoglycemia, regardless of preoperative hyperglycemia.

Short-term impact of a healthy and typical Australian dietary pattern on cardiometabolic outcomes: insights from a randomised, cross-over feeding study

Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305 Australia.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of global mortality. Poor diet quality, characterised by excessive consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is associated with an increased risk of CVD(1). This study compares the impact of two short-term dietary interventions, a Healthy Australian Diet adhering to national guidelines and a Typical Australian Diet representing current national consumption patterns, on several cardiometabolic outcomes. These outcomes include body weight, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood lipids and glucose concentrations. Data from an eight-week randomised, cross-over feeding study involving 34 adults (53% female, age 38.4 ± 18.1 years) were analysed, with participants randomly assigned to consume each diet for two weeks, separated by a two-week washout period. During each feeding phase, all food items were provided to ensure compliance. The Healthy Australian Diet adhered to the Australian Dietary Guidelines(2), including a balanced intake of the five food groups and meeting Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range targets(3), with saturated fat limited to ≤10% of energy. The Typical Australian Diet was formulated based on apparent consumption patterns in Australia(4), setting total fat intake at 40% of energy and total saturated fat at 15% of energy. Comprehensive data collection occurred at four key visits: week 0 (end of run-in; baseline 1), week 2 (post-feeding phase 1), week 4 (end of washout, baseline 2), and week 8 (post-feeding phase 2). Trained personnel measured WC using a tensible tape, while body weight and BFP measurements were obtained using bioimpedance analysis (Inbody 270; Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Blood pressure was recorded using the Uscom BP+ supra-systolic oscillometric central blood pressure device. Blood glucose and lipid (triglycerides, total-, low-density lipoprotein- [LDL] and high-density lipoprotein- [HDL] cholesterol) concentrations were measured after a 12-hour fast by an accredited pathology service. Differential changes in cardiometabolic variables between intervention groups were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models, adjusting for diet sequence, feeding phase, and subject ID as a random variable to account for potential autocorrelation. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted to assess the impact effects of each diet. There were no significant differences between the Healthy Australian Diet and the Typical Australian Diet with respect to weight, BFP, WC, blood triglycerides, systolic and diastolic BP. However, the Healthy Australian Diet led to a significantly greater decrease in total-, LDL-, HDL- and non-HDL cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose relative to the Typical Australian Diet (p&lt;0.001). The results underscore the importance of promoting dietary intakes that align with Australian Dietary Guidelines for optimising the risk of CVD and impaired glucose tolerance. Conversely, the Typical Australian Dietary pattern demonstrated detrimental cardiometabolic effects over a short period of just two weeks.

Home bias and the returns of strategic portfolios: Neither always so good nor so bad

Home Bias is a phenomenon that has been sufficiently addressed from many different perspectives, such as active management or structural investment constraints. However, there is little work about the economic effects of these situations. This work aims to quantify the impact of this effect on the returns of a set of strategic portfolios with the same allocation between fixed income and equity assets. The statistical information includes the daily values of all indices for the 2004–2021 period. Returns have been calculated for investment time horizons of between 5 and 15 years. Quantile regressions have been used to assess changes in returns in response to changes in portfolio composition. The results suggest that over-investment in local assets is not always positive and dependent on the local index selected.

Practical design of reservoirs for rainwater use in buildings in Brazil: behavioural analysis and modelling

Abstract The new version of NBR 15527 (ABNT 2019) determines that any methodology used for the design of rainwater reservoirs must be performed considering the demand for rainwater resources. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop mathematical models for the design of rainwater reservoirs in residential buildings for all Brazilian states. Different use scenarios were simulated, which included drinking water demands of 100, 150, 200 and 300 litres per capita and rainwater replacement for drinking water at rates of 25, 35, 45 and 55%, according to rainfall data from the last decade. The optimal and maximal volumes of each scenario were calculated using the yield after spill (YAS) behavioural method. Based on the values of the volumes obtained, the studied municipalities were grouped, and for each group, the practical models were adjusted and evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²) and the root mean square error (RMSE). A good adherence of the models to the observed data was observed, which simplified the estimation of the volume for rainwater reservoirs; practical applications demand that designs use discreet daily rainfall values.

Blood pressure in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the first three months of life

BackgroundNeonatal hypertension is common in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Our study aimed to examine blood pressure variation in the first three months of life in preterm BPD patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-centre study at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Szeged, Hungary. We collected blood pressure data from 26 preterm infants (born at < 30 weeks gestation) with moderate or severe BPD over three years (2019–2021). We calculated the BPD group's daily average blood pressure values and used previously defined normal blood pressure values from a preterm patient group born at < 30 weeks gestation as a reference. We used 19,481 systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure measurement data separately to calculate daily average blood pressures.ResultsWe found a statistically significant correlation between the blood pressure values of the BPD patient group and the reference data. The difference between the blood pressure curve of the group with BPD and that of the reference group was also statistically significant. We also analysed individual patients' daily average blood pressure values and found that 11 patients (42%) had hypertensive blood pressure values for three or more days within the first 90 days of life. Within this group, our statistical analysis showed a 25% chance of acute kidney injury.ConclusionThe blood pressure of the BPD group not only correlated with but also significantly differed from the reference data. Hypertension lasting three or more days occurred more frequently in patients with acute kidney injury accompanied by BPD.Graphical abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information

Impact of early-morning administration of rapid-acting insulin on the increase in blood glucose levels related to the dawn phenomenon in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

An early-morning elevation of blood glucose levels known as the dawn phenomenon and consequent postbreakfast hyperglycemia occur in some individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whereas insulin pump therapy can mitigate this phenomenon, some individuals prefer or are limited to alternative treatments. We have now assessed the effectiveness of early-morning administration of rapid-acting insulin for amelioration of the dawn phenomenon in individuals with T1D. Thirteen individuals with T1D who experienced the dawn phenomenon as determined by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and who received a small dose of rapid-acting insulin on waking were included in this retrospective study. We evaluated the change in sensor glucose levels during a 2-h period from before to after breakfast consumed at 0700h. The change in blood glucose levels during additional time intervals, average daily sensor glucose values, CGM indices, and insulin dose were also evaluated. The early-morning administration of 0.5-1 unit of rapid-acting insulin was associated with a significant reduction in 2-h glucose variability between before (0700h) and after breakfast from a median of 90.7-51.0mg/dL. The glucose variability from 0300 to 0700 or 0900h was also significantly decreased, from 67.7 to 29.0mg/dL and from 172.5 to 78.3mg/dL, respectively. Average sensor glucose levels throughout the day were significantly reduced (from 192.7 to 156.7mg/dL), as was the daily total insulin dose. Early-morning administration of rapid-acting insulin effectively managed the dawn phenomenon and subsequent postbreakfast hyperglycemia in individuals with T1D. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-024-00709-6.

Assessing the reliability of a physical-based model and a convolutional neural network in an ungauged watershed for daily streamflow calculation: a case study in southern Portugal

The main goal of this study was to estimate inflows to the Maranhão reservoir, southern Portugal, using two distinct modeling approaches: a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model and a physically based model. The 1D-CNN was previously trained, validated, and tested in a sub-basin of the study area where observed streamflow values were available. The trained model was here subject to an improvement and applied to the entire watershed by replacing the forcing variables (accumulated and delayed precipitation) to make them correspond to the values of the entire watershed. The same way, the physically based MOHID-Land model was calibrated and validated for the same sub-basin, and the calibrated parameters were then applied to the entire watershed. Inflow values estimated by both models were validated considering a mass balance at the reservoir. The 1D-CNN model demonstrated a better performance in simulating daily values, peak flows, and the wet period. The MOHID-Land model showed a better performance in estimating streamflow values during dry periods and for a monthly analysis. Hence, results show the adequateness of both modeling solutions for integrating a decision support system aimed at supporting decision-makers in the management of water availability in an area subjected to increasing scarcity.

Ground-based measurements of HF and HCl total columns in atmosphere near Saint Petersburg (2009–2023)

ABSTRACT Monitoring of the ozonosphere requires observing the concentration of gases involved in the formation and depletion processes of stratospheric ozone. This study focuses on optimization the ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method of retrieving total columns of halogen-containing gases hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). The work describes generally the procedure for selecting parameters to update the technique for deriving their atmospheric contents. Using parameters of the optimized methods, we obtained temporal variability of daily mean values of HCl and HF total columns above St. Petersburg from March 2009 to March 2023 by ground-based measurements of direct solar radiation spectra with a Bruker IFS 125 HR (IR Fourier spectrometer). The linear trends amount to (0.59 ± 0.27) %/year and (−0.26 ± 0.21) %/year for HF and HCl, respectively. The seasonal variability of both gases content was also calculated. The peak of HF total column occurred in March, while the low was observed in November. April showed the maximum of HCl content annually, and the lowest HCl total column appeared in the mid-winter. The results were compared with datasets from the nearest NDACC sites Harestua and Kiruna. Trends and seasonal cycles at the sites are consistent. The analysis of the variability of HCl to HF contents ratio demonstrated the time periods of decrease in HCl content caused by the chemical activity in the stratosphere. Finally, we analysed the ozone layer state over St. Petersburg at the beginning of 2023 using ground-based FTIR-measurements of HCl and HF total columns and satellite measurements of ozone total columns.

Association of Serum Calcium Levels of Preterm Neonates at Birth with Calcium Intake from Foods and Supplements by Bedridden Women during Pregnancy.

Bone calcium turnover is aggravated in pregnant women recommended to bed rest. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to clarify whether preterm neonates would benefit from calcium supplementation during pregnancy. Forty-two mothers (37.5 ± 6.7 years), recommended bed rest at home, and 42 preterm neonates (24-37 weeks gestational age) were enrolled. Neonates' serum calcium was quantified at birth. Mothers' calcium intake from foods and supplements during pregnancy was assessed. Serum 25-OH-D was measured in both mothers and neonates at birth. Results showed that mothers' calcium intake from foods was significantly lower than the recommended daily reference value (p < 0.001), while total calcium intake including supplements was close to the calcium reference value of 1000 mg/day (p = 0.648). Neonates' serum calcium concentration was significantly higher in mothers receiving calcium supplementation during pregnancy compared to mothers who did not (p < 0.001). A significant association between neonates' serum calcium levels and mothers' calcium supplementation was evident, even when adjusted to mothers' age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age, and neonates' birth weight (beta = +0.460, p = 0.025). A statistically significant correlation between neonates' and mothers' serum 25-OH-D levels was found (r = 0.891, p < 0.001). In conclusion, calcium status in preterm neonates, born by bedridden women, could be enhanced after calcium supplementation during gestation.

Abstract P480: Digesting Detention: Investigating Eating Patterns in Jails

Background: Over 12 million people cycle through jails every year in the US. People incarcerated experience significant health inequities compared to the general population, including higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Despite widespread acceptance of the association between diet and cardiovascular-related outcomes, research documenting dietary intake and nutritional status of individuals incarcerated in jail is limited. Food intake is notoriously difficult to measure, and current measurement tools are not designed for the jail setting. Objectives and Hypotheses: The objectives of this study were to 1) develop a food intake questionnaire for incarcerated adults; 2) document participants’ perceived accuracy of the instrument and 3) compare calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake of people incarcerated in jail to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). We hypothesized that participants would consume more sodium, added sugar, and saturated fat while incarcerated compared to the DGA and macronutrient consumption patterns of people incarcerated in jail would not meet the AMDR. Methods: Cycle menus were obtained from the jail administration to design a questionnaire that would allow study participants to accurately document the consumption of foods provided by the jail and purchased through commissary each day. Sixty-five (65) incarcerated adults (24 women and 41 men) were recruited from a northern Arizona county jail to complete the 4-day cross-sectional food intake questionnaire. Participants were asked to fill out the questionnaires in real time. Following the study period, questionnaires were collected, and participants provided feedback on the appropriateness and feasibility of the questionnaire via a group listening session. Daily total and mean calorie, macro- and micronutrient intake were calculated using the ASA24 and compared to the AMDR and the DGA. Results: Of 65 people recruited, 64 completed the questionnaire. Participants reported enjoying reflecting on their diets but indicated that institutional menu modifications during the study period led to confusion as the food items listed did not always match what was served. Average percent saturated fat of total calories (11.7%, 95% CI: 10.9, 12.4) and sodium (3723 mg, 95% CI: 3048, 4399) exceeded DGA recommendations. Macronutrient consumption was within recommended ranges. Conclusions: The results of this study can inform efforts to improve the food intake tracking tool which can be used in future research assessing nutritional status in jails and prisons, as well as other controlled food environments. These results will also provide the first observational evidence of nutritional status in jail settings, informing future institutional policy change and interventions.

Functioning of a canopy-dominated intertidal community during emersion: highly productive but heterotrophic at the annual scale

In order to address lack of data regarding coastal carbon budgets, we estimated the annual metabolic carbon budget of an intertidal rocky reef macroalgal community during emersion. This budget is based on direct in situ measurements during emersion and establishes the seasonal variations of the photosynthetic parameters of such a community. CO2 fluxes were measured hourly to study the response of community gross primary productivity (GPP) to irradiance and the variation of GPP and community respiration (CR) over the emersion period at different times of the year. These were combined together with existing monthly measures of GPP and CR hourly rates to model the variations of these fluxes as a function of irradiance and the tidal cycle throughout an entire calendar year. Daily, monthly and annual values of GPP, CR and net primary productivity (NPP) were calculated with a relatively low sensitivity to any of the parameters used. While GPP fluxes show comparable orders of magnitude to those measured in other systems, higher CR fluxes lead to a heterotrophic system during emersion, both under measured (NPP = −299 gC m−2 year−1) and theoretical irradiances (NPP = −119 gC m−2 year−1). This heterotrophy is directly linked to the light availability, varying according to combined daily, tidal and seasonal cycles, and to temperature at the seasonal scale. Measurements performed in situ at the community scale integrated interactions that are otherwise absent at the individual scale. This gives access to aspects of the functioning that cannot be otherwise identified.

A bipolar SMPS network for measuring atmospheric aerosols using natural air ions

To study atmospheric aerosols, it is essential to build networks that are continuously monitoring particle number size distribution (PNSD). PNSDs are often measured using electrical mobility spectrometers such as scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) which includes a neutralizer that conditions the charge state of particles to the pre-assumed distributions. During long-term atmospheric measurement, the charge state can deviate from these assumed values. Measuring both positively and negatively charged particles using a bipolar SMPS helps to capture the variations in aerosol charge state. In this study, we set up a network of bipolar SMPSs at three urban sites and three suburban sites in six Chinese cities. Removing the conventional neutralizer, the bipolar SMPS utilizes the natural aerosol charging process by atmospheric ions. Newly developed aerosol classifiers and detectors were used. Harmonized quality assurance procedures were adopted to assure the performance and the data quality, including laboratory calibrations and intercomparisons, maintenance and monitoring during field measurements, and data inversion and validation. PNSDs are effectively measured by bipolar SMPSs using natural charging process at all six sites. During six months of field measurement in these sites, ion mobility ratios fluctuate significantly while the daily averaged values are stable around 1.0. Particle number concentrations integrated from PNSDs are consistent with those directly measured by the detectors (within a variation of 10%).

Association between amount of biventricular pacing and heart failure status measured by a multisensor implantable defibrillator algorithm

Achieving a high biventricular pacing percentage (BiV%) is crucial for optimizing outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The HeartLogic index, a multiparametric heart failure (HF) risk score, incorporates implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)-measured variables and has demonstrated its predictive ability for impending HF decompensation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily BiV% in CRT ICD patients and their HF status, assessed using the HeartLogic algorithm. The HeartLogic algorithm was activated in 306 patients across 26 centers, with a median follow-up of 26 months (25th-75th percentile: 15-37). During the follow-up period, 619 HeartLogic alerts were recorded in 186 patients. Overall, daily values associated with the best clinical status (highest first heart sound, intrathoracic impedance, patient activity; lowest combined index, third heart sound, respiration rate, night heart rate) were associated with a BiV% exceeding 99%. We identified 455 instances of BiV% dropping below 98% after consistent pacing periods. Longer episodes of reduced BiV% (hazard ratio: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.02-9.72; P = .045) and lower BiV% (hazard ratio: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.74-9.06; P=.001) were linked to a higher risk of HeartLogic alerts. BiV% drops exceeding 7 days predicted alerts with 90% sensitivity (95% CI [74%-98%]) and 55% specificity (95% CI [51%-60%]), while BiV% ≤96% predicted alerts with 74% sensitivity (95% CI [55%-88%]) and 81% specificity (95% CI [77%-85%]). A clear correlation was observed between reduced daily BiV% and worsening clinical conditions, as indicated by the HeartLogic index. Importantly, even minor reductions in pacing percentage and duration were associated with an increased risk of HF alerts.

Antibiotic residues in commercial freshwater fish from southeast China: distribution and human health risk assessment.

We investigated 14 antibiotic residues in 8 marketed freshwater fish species from southeast China and estimated the associated health risks to local consumers. The antibiotic residues were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Our findings revealed widespread distribution of quinolones (QNs), tetracyclines (TCs), and chloramphenicols (CAPs) in the freshwater fish. Notably, the average concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin reached levels as high as 62.5μg/kg wet weight (ww) and 11.7μg/kg ww, respectively, and detection frequencies were 68.7% for enrofloxacin and 31.6% for ciprofloxacin. Additionally, we detected chloramphenicol, a prohibited antibiotic, in samples with a detection frequency of 0.76%. Among the fish species, the mean concentration of total antibiotic residues was highest in bluntnose black bream (263.3μg/kg), followed by English perch (52.4μg/kg), crucian carp (46.3μg/kg), black carp (28.6μg/kg), yellowcheek carp (21.0μg/kg), grass carp (15.3μg/kg), bighead carp (3.78μg/kg), and mandarin fish (3.69μg/kg). We estimated the daily intake values of these antibiotic residues which were lower than the acceptable daily intake values and hazard indexes were much less than 1. It indicates that there is very low direct health risk to consumers. Despite that, investigation on the chronic impact, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria, gut microbiota disruption, and allergic reactions, is urgently needed.

A Short-Term Autoregressive Model for the Prediction of Daily Average NO2 Concentration in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the pollutants that can cause potential damage to the ecosystem. NO2 emitted from vehicles forms the primary precursor for ground-level ozone. In this study, an analysis of the daily average of NO2 concentration with meteorology measured for two years 2021 and 2022 is being carried out. It is evident from the analysis that NO2 concentration followed an apparent diurnal pattern with a maximum value in the morning hours and a minimum during the afternoon hours. Summer months recorded the highest, and North East Monsoon (NEM) recorded the lowest values of NO2. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between NO2 and Temperature. An autoregressive model was formulated to forecast the daily average values of NO2 concentration. Unit root test was performed to check the stationarity of the data points, which is important in determining trends and seasonal changes. From the model procedure, the order that best fits the data was identified as AR (4), in which the process has the current value based on the previous three values. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwartz Criterion (SC), which are estimators of prediction error for AR (4), are low. The Jarque confirmed the normal distribution-Bera test, which again approves the satisfactoriness of the model.

Results of Two Non-Market Valuation Methods Used to Estimate Recreational Fishing in the Lakes Prespa Watershed

Using both the travel cost and contingent valuation methods, a case study of Lakes Prespa was utilized to assess the demand functions for carp and non-carp angling separately. An on-site survey questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was completed in 2019. The results showed that when travel costs and bid amounts are higher or when anglers are traveling in larger groups, they travel less frequently. On the other hand, the number of trips is positively correlated with income, angling experience, the use of a motorized boat, the number of trips taken to other sites, and retirement. The mean daily consumer surplus values for carp and non-carp anglers were calculated to be €7.24 and €4.33, respectively, using the trip cost method, and €7.83 and €4.61 using the contingent valuation method. Regardless of the method of valuation utilized, carp anglers' consumer surplus was more than 1.7 times that of non-carp anglers, demonstrating that ordering in fish species values is robust to valuation methods. Furthermore, the convergent validity of the two techniques was identified. The results will help fisheries managers make more successful and resource-efficient fishing decisions, as well as policymakers justify funding initiatives targeted at managing and protecting this resource.

Penyuluhan Sumber Air Minum Sehat Untuk Lansia Di Klinik Azzahra

The purpose of community service activities is Counseling on Healthy Drinking Water Sources for the Elderly at Azzahra Clinic. This study uses descriptive research methods related to this Research Method The research method used is observational using a cross sectional design because all variables are measured at the same time. The purpose of this study design was to examine the level of fluid adequacy in the elderly compared to the Daily Value of Nutrition. The results of this study Many restrictions are used to determine a person, including the elderly, one of which is when entering the age over the age of 55 years Considering various problems of the elderly, the nutritional needs of the elderly are different from the nutritional needs of adults. Increasing age, the less nutritional needs of the elderly. Generally, energy needs are decreasing, while the need for some vitamins and minerals is more. The nutritional needs of the elderly men are different from those of the elderly women