Daily Reference Values Research Articles

Design and optimization of a strawberry-based dispersion to produce a spray drying functional powdered product, fortified with folic acid and zinc

The optimization of a strawberry-based dispersion to produce a powdered product fortified with Folic Acid (FA) and Zinc (Zn) was realized. The methodology involved production and characterization of strawberry pulp and strawberry-based dispersion, optimization of the dispersion process, and the manufacture and description of a powdered product. The optimal conditions for obtaining the strawberry-based dispersion were determined to be 11.7 % arabic gum (AG) and 23.3 % maltodextrin (MD). The recovery percentage of the powder was 71.38 %. The folic acid (FA) and zinc (Zn) contents in the strawberry powder were 272.3 mg/100 g and 0.21 %, respectively. The powder contains 20 % and 58 % of the daily reference values for pregnant mothers for FA and Zn, respectively. It is concluded that it was possible to optimize dispersion and obtain a strawberry powder fortified with AF and Zn suitable for consumption by pregnant women.

Association of Serum Calcium Levels of Preterm Neonates at Birth with Calcium Intake from Foods and Supplements by Bedridden Women during Pregnancy.

Bone calcium turnover is aggravated in pregnant women recommended to bed rest. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to clarify whether preterm neonates would benefit from calcium supplementation during pregnancy. Forty-two mothers (37.5 ± 6.7 years), recommended bed rest at home, and 42 preterm neonates (24-37 weeks gestational age) were enrolled. Neonates' serum calcium was quantified at birth. Mothers' calcium intake from foods and supplements during pregnancy was assessed. Serum 25-OH-D was measured in both mothers and neonates at birth. Results showed that mothers' calcium intake from foods was significantly lower than the recommended daily reference value (p < 0.001), while total calcium intake including supplements was close to the calcium reference value of 1000 mg/day (p = 0.648). Neonates' serum calcium concentration was significantly higher in mothers receiving calcium supplementation during pregnancy compared to mothers who did not (p < 0.001). A significant association between neonates' serum calcium levels and mothers' calcium supplementation was evident, even when adjusted to mothers' age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age, and neonates' birth weight (beta = +0.460, p = 0.025). A statistically significant correlation between neonates' and mothers' serum 25-OH-D levels was found (r = 0.891, p < 0.001). In conclusion, calcium status in preterm neonates, born by bedridden women, could be enhanced after calcium supplementation during gestation.

Restructured beef steaks with inclusion of digestion-resistant maltodextrin: Techno-functional characteristics, nutritional value, sensory quality, and storage stability

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of digestion-resistant maltodextrin (DRM) inclusion, as a mean for functional dietary fiber-enrichment, on the quality and stability of precooked restructured beef steaks. The restructured steaks were prepared from ground beef by cold gelation, with alginate as binding agent, using three inclusion levels of DRM: 0 % (control), 4 % and 8 %. The products were cooked on heating plates at 180 °C until 71 °C internal temperature, vacuum-packed, stored at 4 °C, and their quality was monitored during 35 days. The inclusion of DRM resulted in improved cooking yields (76.93 ± 2.06 %, P < 0.05) and slower rates of lipid (0.47 ± 0.01 TVBN, P < 0.05) and protein degradation (1.64 ± 0.01 TBARS, P < 0.05). This fiber source did not affect the water and fat holding capacities, tenderness, microbiological quality, nor sensory acceptance of the meat products (P > 0.05); however, it influenced their color evaluated by tristimulus colorimetry (P < 0.05). The nutritional composition of the restructured steaks, including the dietary fiber content, was consistent with the level of proportional inclusion of MDR in the formulations, allowing to significantly (P < 0.01) increase their contribution to daily reference values to approximately 14 % and 27 %. According to international food labeling regulations, the products at their standard serving sizes can be classified either as good (4 % of included DRM) or superior (8 % of included DRM) sources of dietary fiber.

Contribution of groundwater to dietary requirements of essential metals in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria.

Knowledge of dietary intakes of essential elements in groundwater is important for proper assessment of the actual contribution of drinking water to daily nutrient requirements. This study assessed the daily intake of nutritional elements in drinking groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States of Nigeria. One hundred and seventy (170) water samples were collected and analyzed for thirteen (13) nutritional elements (K, Mg, Ca, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se, Na, Mn, Cr, and I) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS). Chronic daily intake CDI of the nutritional elements was higher for children and infants than adults in all cases. Percentages of tolerable daily intake reference value (TIRV) obtained for Lagos State groundwater were Mg 0.425%, Ca 0.309%, Fe 14.0%, Cu 1.84%, Zn 6.25%, Mo 0.057%, and Mn 1.08%; for Ogun State groundwater, % TIRV were Mg 1.99%, Ca 0.586%, Fe 81.1%, Cu 2.12%, Zn 9.21%, Mo 1.16%, and Mn 0.023%. The order of dermal absorption by an adult in Lagos when the water is used for bathing daily was Cr > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu while the order in Ogun was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr. The research concluded that groundwater alone cannot provide enough essential elements for human dietary needs in the study area.

Younger postnatal age is associated with a lower heart rate on Holter monitoring during the first week of life

To evaluate heart rate (HR), the presence of extrasystoles and other Holter findings among healthy newborns, and to collect data for new normal limits for Holter parameters in newborns. For this cross-sectional study, 70 healthy term newborns were recruited to undergo 24-h Holter monitoring. Linear regression analysis was used in HR analyses. The age-specific limits for HRs were calculated using linear regression analysis coefficients and residuals. The mean (SD) age of the infants was 6.4 (1.7) days during the recording. Each consecutive day of age raised the minimum and mean HR by 3.8 beats per minute (bpm) (95% CI: 2.4, 5.2; P < .001) and 4.0 bpm (95% CI: 2.8, 5.2; P < .001), respectively. Age did not correlate with maximum HR. The lowest calculated limit for minimum HR ranged from 56 bpm (aged 3 days) to 78 bpm (aged 9 days). A small number of atrial extrasystoles and ventricular extrasystoles were observed in 54 (77%) and 28 (40%) recordings, respectively. Short supraventricular or ventricular tachycardias were found in 6 newborns (9%).Conclusion: The present study shows an increase of 20 bpm in both the minimum and mean HRs of healthy term newborns between the 3rd and 9th days of life. Daily reference values for HR could be adopted in the interpretation of HR monitoring results in newborns. A small number of extrasystoles are common in healthy newborns, and isolated short tachycardias may be normal in this age group.What is Known:• The current definition of bradycardia in newborns is 80 beats per minute.• This definition does not fit into the modern clinical setting of continuously monitored newborns, where benign bradycardias are commonly observed.What is New:• A linear and clinically significant increase in heart rate was observed in infants between the ages of 3 and 9 days. • It appears as though lower normal limits for heart rate could be applied to the youngest newborns.

TOP 3 of Legumes for Human and Planetary Health

ObjectivesThe identification of the TOP3 of Legumes for the promotion of Human and Planetary Health. MethodsWe analyzed 10 legumes, according to 10 main nutritional characteristics highlighted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as the main reasons for their consumption, in a step-by-step approach integrating risks and benefits, according to three levels of analysis: Identification of health effects associated with its consumption; Assessment of the nutritional contribution of its consumption to the Daily Reference Value (%DRV); and Integration of health and sustainability components. ResultsIt was found that all legumes seem to promote improvements in risk factors associated with the development of chronic diseases. As for the nutritional contribution of each legume, analyzed according to official recommendations, considering its protective components (protein, fiber, iron, folate, and potassium), the Common Lupine, Cowpea, and Soybean, were ranked as the most beneficial for health. Considering its components to be limited (glycemic index, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium) the Azuki Bean and Chickpea seem to be the least harmful legumes for human health. Regarding the link between health and sustainability, the pulses presenting better impact for human and planetary health are Fava, followed by Common Lupine and Common Beans, if cooked without salt and produced locally. ConclusionsAs an integral part of a balanced dietary pattern, this study strengthens the evidence that the consumption of legumes, which are dense in protective nutrients when compared with the concentrations of harmful nutrients, plays an important role in the promotion of human and planetary health, and its consumption should be privileged and promoted in Portugal. Funding SourcesR.A. thanks FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50,017/2020 + UIDB/50,017/2020), through national funds.

The Use of a Nutrient Quality Score is Effective to Assess the Overall Nutritional Value of Three Brassica Microgreens.

Microgreens have immense potential for improving dietary patterns, but little information is available regarding their overall nutritional value. We evaluated the nutritional traits of three hydroponically grown Brassica microgreens by using a Nutrient Quality Score. Micro cauliflower, micro broccoli and micro broccoli raab were grown using nutrient solutions with three different NH4:NO3 molar ratios (5:95, 15:85, and 25:75). Protein, dietary fiber, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and mineral elements (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Na) were analyzed. We developed the Nutrient Quality Score (NQS 11.1) on the basis of 11 desirable nutrients and 1 nutrient (sodium) to be limited. All Brassica microgreens are an excellent source of Vitamins A and E (more than 20% of the daily reference value—DRV), as well as a good source of calcium and manganese (10–19% of the DRV). Micro cauliflower showed a NQS 11.1 at 47% higher than micro broccoli raab and micro broccoli. Using NH4:NO3 25:75 molar ratio, the average score was 27% higher than other molar ratios. In all cases, the microgreens in the present study showed a higher NQS 11.1 than their mature counterpart (on the basis of data from the United States Department of Agriculture), highlighting that the score of micro cauliflower was about six-fold higher than mature cauliflower. In conclusion, the NQS 11.1 was useful for assessing the overall nutritional quality of the three Brassica microgreens, instead of simply quantifying nutrient content, in order to compare a single nutrient among different genotypes. Furthermore, the results highlight that the micro broccoli raab, micro broccoli and micro cauliflower in this study can be considered nutrient-rich vegetables that are able to improve dietary patterns more effectively than their mature counterparts.

Nutritional Adequacy of Commercial Complementary Cereals in Germany.

Commercial cereals are among the first complementary foods fed to infants in Germany and elsewhere. The purpose of this national survey is to describe the nutritional adequacy of commercial complementary cereals. A comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of cereal manufacturer websites (n = 15) was conducted from March to April 2019. Food labels were analyzed for iron, zinc, iodine, sodium, and sugar contents in commercial complementary cereals, and ingredient lists were evaluated for whole grains and added sugars. Preparation instructions were evaluated for the type of liquid recommended for reconstitution. Among 164 commercial complementary cereals, few contain iron (n = 43, 26%), zinc (n = 23, 14%) or iodine (n = 43, 26%). Sodium contents fall within EU thresholds. Most cereals were single grain, containing only wheat (n = 54), with half of the products (n = 86, 52%) containing whole grains. The average carbohydrate content of dry cereals is 69 g/100 g ± 9 g of which 14 ± 15 g is sugar. Preparation instructions for breakfast porridges and cereals recommend formula or toddler milk, while few recommend human milk (n = 13, 18%). Few commercial complementary cereals contain appreciable amounts (at least 15% of daily reference values) of zinc, iron, or iodine. A quarter of cereal carbohydrates are sugar and one-third of the products contain added sugars. Future directives should stipulate minimum micronutrient levels, strictly regulate sugar contents, and include human milk among preparation instructions.

Maternal diet and gestational diabetes mellitus development

ABSTRACTPurpose: All possible measures should be taken to prevent glucose tolerance disorders and limit their consequences. The aim of this study was to show the relationship between maternal eating habits and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methods: The nutrition of 55 pregnant women was evaluated using a three-day food record and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and nutrition of 12 months before pregnancy was assessed only by means of the FFQ. The patients were divided into groups: H – with uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 42) and GDM – with gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 13), based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results performed between 24 and 28 weeks.Results: Significant differences were found between groups H and GDM in terms of daily fat intake (32.1 versus 36.2%) and dietary reference values (standards) for total fat, monosaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polysaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the GDM group, the coverage of standards for total fat, staturated fatty acids (SFA) and MUFA exceeded the recommended values. Moreover, patients from this group consumed products typical for the “Western model of nutrition” more often, which may contribute to GDM.Conclusions: A “Western diet” and higher intake of energy from total fat and saturated fatty acid in the first half of pregnancy and before pregnancy may contribute to an increased risk of developing GDM.

A Multifaceted Evaluation of Food Waste in a Polish Supermarket—Case Study

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the food waste generated in one Polish supermarket in terms of its mass, financial value, and wasted caloric value, and to specify ways in which to manage food that can help contribute to reducing the phenomenon of food waste in commercial facilities. The research material was a list of unsold food items in one supermarket over two weeks. The evaluation shows that in one supermarket, approximately 3.3 tonnes of food was wasted over two weeks, with a total value of €5500. The groups of products with the highest percentage share in the structure of waste were fruits and vegetables, as well as meat, cold meats, and fish. The estimated caloric value of dairy products wasted over two weeks amounts to approximately 243.8 kcal. The estimated mass of dairy products appropriated for social purposes would feed from 72 to 174 persons a day (depending on the daily reference value). As various types of food products for social purposes may be sourced from the retail sector, it constitutes an important link in the chain “from the field to the table”, from which food should be redistributed to people in need.

Determination of Vitamin E in Cereal Products and Biscuits by GC-FID.

A rapid, precise and accurate method for the determination of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in cereal products and biscuits has been developed. The uncertainty was calculated for the first time, and the methods were performed for different cereal products and biscuits, characterized as “superfoods”. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated. The accuracy and precision were estimated using the certified reference material FAPAS T10112QC, and the determined values were in good accordance with the certified values. The health claims according to the daily reference values for vitamin E were calculated, and the results proved that the majority of the samples examined showed a percentage daily value higher than 15%.

Zinc intake and status in Austria in the light of different reference values.

Zinc has been identified as a critical micronutrient also in high-income countries. There is still some uncertainty about the evaluation of zinc sufficiency due to divergent daily intake reference values. We wanted to exemplify this issue using data from the Austrian Study on Nutritional Status 2012. Plasma zinc concentrations were measured in a nationally representative sample of 872 persons aged 6-80 years (55.5 % female). Dietary zinc intake was estimated from two 24h dietary recalls. Additionally, parameters of the antioxidative status (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidative capacity) and activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were determined. Zinc status was marginal in schoolchildren (40 % of boys and 22 % of girls) and in elderly (28 % of men and 33 % of women). Dietary zinc intake was also unsatisfactory in these groups with 38 % of boys and 32 % of girls and 64.5 % of older men below the nationally recommended intake levels. However, the adequacy of zinc intake varied with different reference values. Adults were more likely to meet the D-A-CH reference values and those from the European Food Safety Authority than the recommendations of the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) and the Institute of Medicine, whereas children met the IZiNCG values best. Zinc status correlated weakly with AP activity (r = -0.298, p < 0.001) and some antioxidant status markers (CAT, MDA, GSH-PX, SOD), especially in the elderly (MDA: r = -0.527, p < 0.001, and SOD: r = -0.466, p = 0.002). Our results suggest a suboptimal zinc supply in Austria particularly among schoolchildren and older adults.

IMPREGNACIÓN DE UCHUVA (Physalis peruviana L.) DE FORMA SEMIESFÉRICA CON UNA EMULSIÓN FORTIFICANTE

The fortification of fruits with active components (AC) by vacuum impregnation process (VI) is a current alternative in the development of functional foods (FF). This study evaluated: the process VI in cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) hemispherical shaped with emulsion containing sucrose or sucralose, calcium and vitamins (D, E and B9); and its influence on the physicochemical fruit properties. Response to VI in fraction terms and volumetric deformation, in the vacuum stage (Χ1, γ1) and at the end of the process (X, γ) and effective porosity (ee) were evaluated. The respond to the VI was affected by the impregnation liquid, to be more favorable to emulsions composed of sucralose: were Χ: 24,90±0,97%, Χ1: -10,60±0,05%, γ: 11,8±0,04%; γ1: 0,90±0,01% and ee: 2,70±0,06%; and levels of AC as a percentage of daily reference value according to Colombian law were: 16,4±3,3%, 12,1±1,2%, 104,0±2,8% and 55,9±1,3% for calcium and vitamins B9, D and E, respectively. Matrix Engineering using the technique VI and implemented in cape gooseberry affects properties like water activity, moisture, soluble solids, color and texture, and is an effective methodology to generate added value and greater competitiveness in the chain of gooseberry.

Do liver secreted factors link obesity to diabetes?

Cafe foods and drinks can add a significant amount of energy, saturated fat and sodium to the diet and contribute to overweight and obesity. Mandatory energy menu labelling at the point-ofsale has been implemented in NSW cafe chains with more than 20 outlets in NSW or 50 outlets in Australia. This study investigated the nutrient composition of menu items and the availability of nutrition information in cafe chains. An instore observational survey to assess availability of nutrition information was conducted in 20 cafe chain outlets in Sydney. The Australian websites for each chain were surveyed for nutrition information. The average energy, saturated fat and sodium content of menu items were compared to daily intake reference values and average energy compared to dietary guidelines recommendations for discretionary choices more than 600 kJ per serve. Kilojoule information was widely available in-store. Most food and beverage items sold from the chains surveyed (87%, n = 593) would be defined as ‘discretionary choices’. Sixty-two percent provided more than two serves and 37% more than three serves of discretionary choices. The average large, cold, coffee drink contributed 24% and 59% of daily intake for energy and saturated fat respectively. Average contribution of cakes, slices, muffins and loaves was 25% of daily intake for energy. Menu items from cafe chains may contribute excess energy to daily intakes if consumed in addition to usual intakes. Reduced portion sizes and reformulation of menu items would reduce the impact of fast food on population diet and weight. In the absence of these measures, a social marketing campaign is needed to highlight the contribution that cafe food makes to daily nutrient intake and encourage consumers to use kilojoule labelling to limit energy intake from these discretionary choices.

Consumer understanding of calorie labeling: a healthy monday e-mail and text message intervention.

To assess caloric knowledge of participants and determine if an e-mail and/or text message intervention could increase knowledge of recommended daily caloric intake. Randomized, control trial. Johns Hopkins Hospital Cobblestone Café. The 246 participants reported eating at the Café at least twice/week. Participants randomized to control, e-mail, or text condition. The text and e-mail conditions received a message on four consecutive Mondays stating the recommended daily caloric intake. Knowledge of the government reference value of 2,000 calories. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression examined the effectiveness of text and e-mail messaging for improving knowledge of the government calorie reference value. Baseline awareness of the daily calorie reference value in study population was low. Participants in the text message condition were twice as likely to know the government calorie reference value compared to controls (p = .047, odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 4.73]). No significant differences were found for the e-mail condition (p = .5). Many people do not know the daily recommended caloric intake. Public education on the government calorie reference value is necessary for menu-labeling interventions to be more effective. Weekly text messaging can serve as an effective modality for delivering calorie information and nutrition education.

Preparation, storage and microbiological quality of ready-to-serve low cholesterol masala paneer

Aim: MaterialsandMethods: Results: Brine dipped and dry salted masala paneer products were prepared using fresh skim milk (fat 0.5 % and solid not fat (SNF) 8.7%), vegetable oil (soybean oil), coriander leaves (1%), mint leaves (1%) and green chilies (0.3%), roasted and grounded cumin seeds (0.3%) and black pepper (0.3%). These products were then analyzed for total energy, fat, protein, cholesterol, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The samples were examined for standard plate counts (SPC), yeast and mold counts, coliform counts, Staphylococcus aureus counts and count at 2 days interval up to 8 days and also for the presence of spp. and These products with very low cholesterol content (<2mg/100g) can be labeled as cholesterol free paneer products. Nutritional evaluation revealed that 15% of the Daily Reference Value of energy, 38% of protein and 20% of calcium could be met from single serving of 100g of ready-to-serve products. SPC, coliform count and yeast and mold counts in the products were very low while spp. and were not detected. The products were microbiologically safe and remained so for at least 6 days on refrigeration storage.

Estimating evapotranspiration from temperature and wind speed data using artificial and wavelet neural networks (WNNs)

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and its accurate forecasting is essential in all water resources applications. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and wavelet neural network (WNN) were utilized to forecast daily ET from temperature and wind speed data. The WNN model used in this study is a neural network model with one hidden layer and a wavelet function as an activation function. The climatic data of Redesdale climatology station, Australia for the period 2009–2012 were utilized for the analysis. The daily reference values of ET were calculated by the FAO-PM56 method. The maximum temperature, minimum temperatures and wind speed data were used as the inputs and the reference values of ET data series was utilized as the output of the ANN and WNN models. In order to assess the effect of decomposing the input data by wavelet transform on the models efficiency, the original dataset and separately the decomposed time series were applied for calibrating and validating the models. The influence of using wind speed data as the third input on the performance of models was also investigated. The results showed that both the ANN and WNN models predicted ET at an acceptable accuracy level. However, the wavlet-WNN261 (2 inputs, 6 neurons in the hidden layer and one output) performed the best with the RMSE, APE, N.S. and R values of 1.03mm/day, 22%, 0.79 and 0.89, respectively.

Storage stability and quality characterstics of ready to serve spice paneer products

Two types of Reddy to Serve spiced paneer were prepared using whole milk paneer along with marinate of whole milk (4.5% fat, 8.5% solid non fat) curd with spices (2.5% cumin, 2.5% coriander, 2% salt, 2% sugar, 10% ginger and 5% garlic) and 1.25% red pepper and 0.25% black pepper in second product instead of ginger and garlic for 60 min. One batch was packed in polyethylene pouches and sealed. The second batch was heated after packaging in polyethylene pouches at 15 psi for 10 min. Nutritional results revealed that 16% of daily reference value (DRV) of energy, 33.3% of DRV of protein and 26% of DRV of calcium could be met from single serving of 100g spice paneer. The products were microbiologically safe and remained so for six days in refrigerated storage.

담양관련 음식고문헌을 통한 장수음식 콘텐츠 개발

The purpose of this study was the development of traditional food recipes from local food contents related to the historical and cultural heritage in the representative long-lived area Damyang. The information on digging 'story' was collected through the region's representative local native journal, searching for related websites, analyzing old literatures, and interviewing traditional household; 'telling', the part of conveyance, was organized by reviewing the literatures, including historical condition, regional food materials, cuisine, region symbolism, etc. After nutritional analysis, the prepared, balanced, and healthy Korean food dishes using the traditional food contents were displayed. In Damyang, the story was extracted from Heuichoon Ryu (柳希春, 1543-1577) - figura of Damyang - and his collection, 'Miam's diary', and described about native food. The traditional history of many foods that were used mainly as rewarding during one's trouble, showing good faith, and delivering gratitude is recorded in Miam diary. A little effort has been made to express the classical scholar's clean and neat dining table which was the mixed Damyang's clean image and nobleman's straight integrity in the middle of the Choson Dynasty. Nutrition fact of 'Miam's table' was based on the Daily Reference Values of Koreans aged 65 or older.

Desarrollo de pulpa de mango común tratada enzimaticamente y adicionada con calcio, oligofructosa y vitamina C.

Los alimentos funcionales son aquellos alimentos que poseen algún Componente Fisiológicamente Activo (CFA) cuya finalidad es la de proporcionar un beneficio para la salud superior al que aportan los nutrientes tradicionales que contenga. En este trabajo se desarrollaron y se caracterizaron fisicoquímica, microbiológica y sensorialmente tres formulaciones de una pulpa a base de mango que incluían CFA como oligofructosa, Vitamina C y Calcio, a su vez se compararon frente a una pulpa control que no tenía CFA. El Calcio y la vitamina C se introdujeron a la matriz del jugo en un 20% del valor diaria de referencia (VDR). Las formulaciones variaron en la relación Calcio-Olifofructosa que fueron 1:1, 2:1 y 3:1, en presentaciones de 250 g. El Calcio, introducido como fumarato de Calcio, fue el componente que menos se solubilizó encontrándose en una concentración promedio de 178 mg/L en las tres formulaciones, la vitamina C y la oligofructosa permanecieron constantes durante toda la evaluación. El comportamiento cinético y el análisis sensorial indicaron que había un cambio de color de la pulpa, La mejor formulación fue la elaborada con una relación 1:1 Calcio oligofructosa ya que los jueces determinaron que el aroma y color fueron semejantes y el sabor y la textura mejores con respecto a la pulpa control.