Daily Production Research Articles

Energy Storage Potential Needed at the National Grid Scale (Poland) in Order to Stabilize Daily Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power

With the increasing share of renewable sources in the energy mix, there is a need to balance energy production from weather-dependent sources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaics. This is also a current global trend associated with climate policy. In Poland, there has been a significant increase in energy production from renewable sources, leading to a duck curve phenomenon mainly in the case of photovoltaics, which requires balancing this production through various measures. One possible way to achieve this is energy storage installation. This article identifies the need for energy storage to ensure the stability of electricity production from low-flexibility sources like coal-based power plants. For this purpose, a methodology has been developed to determine the daily minimum energy storage capacities which would also allow for the integration of other stable (though less flexible) energy sources, such as nuclear power. In the case of Poland, energy storage has been estimated to require, as a median value, approximately 6 GWh of additional storage capacity, which is equivalent to twice the planned capacity of the Młoty Pumped Storage Power Plant.

Long-term modeling of the performance of a solar still with phase-change material

Solar stills may be a small-scale and eco-friendly alternative to conventional, large-scale, and fossil-fuel-powered desalination plants due to growing worldwide water scarcity. However, solar stills suffer from low productivity which can be increased by optimizing the water mass and phase-change material (PCM) mass. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the influence of water mass and PCM mass on the long-term performance of a solar still (SS) located in Poland. The long-term performance of SS is an important issue, as people need desalinated water all year round. Simultaneously, there is a limited number of publications concerning this issue in the open literature as most papers focus on the SS performance in a short-term period, usually no more than a couple of days. Therefore, research on the effect of water and PCM mass on SS performance in the context of long-term operation under various weather conditions, which is done in this work, is valuable and necessary. Additionally, this is the first time when the SS is investigated under Polish weather conditions. The study is carried out by conducting a theoretical analysis based on the mathematical modeling of the solar still. The mathematical model describing the thermal processes in the SS is established and validated using the experimental results. The results of simulations for average days for each month show that the maximum productivity of the SS is in July (3039 mL/m2/day with 5 kg of water), while the lowest is in October (900 mL/m2/day). The greatest annual SS productivity is 488.8 L/m2/year in Poland and is achieved with 5 kg of water and without PCM. The daily productivity is inversely proportional to the mass of water and the mass of PCM. The PCM reduces productivity by up to 11%. The results of daily simulations from April to October 2021 show that the daily productivity of the SS in Poland varies from 0.2 L/m2/day to 5.2 L/m2/day. The productivity of the SS investigated in this study in Poland is comparable to the productivity of solar stills investigated in countries with similar daily solar insolation and ambient air temperature.

The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to the Quail Birds Feed or Drinking Water on Characteristics of the Egg Production and the Qualitative Characteristics of Local Quail Eggs

Abstract The aim of this study is to see the effect of adding different levels Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the feed or the drinking water on the characteristics of eggs production and the qualitative characteristics of the local quail eggs. The levels (0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%) of yeast to the feed and 0.5 g / L in the drinking water for 324 birds as a total number. The birds were randomly distributed into six treatments; each of which included 54 bird/treatment and with 6 replicates (9 birds/replicate). The statistical analysis results showing A significant improvement showed that there was an improvement in the daily production rate of eggs (%H.D.P.), the mass of the egg (g/female bird/week) and the number of the eggs for the treatments characterized with high levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feed (2 and 2.5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feed). On the contrary, there was no significant effect on the weight of the average fodder consumed for the treatments that include Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with the control treatment. Feed conversion ratio rate was improved in the third treatment and was higher compared with the rest of the treatments as its value was (3.17). Yet, there were no significant differences among the rest of the treatment and the control treatment in terms of the coefficient of feed conversion ratio. Moreover, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the weight of the egg shell and its thickness in favor of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae addition treatments compared with the control treatment. As for the characteristics of the index of yolk, white, hue unit and the shape of the egg, the differences were not significant compared with the control treatment.

Geothermal-solar energy system integrated with hydrogen production and utilization modules for power supply-demand balancing

The power generation of geothermal energy is severely restricted by its low grade and limited flexibility. We propose integrating geothermal and solar energy and introducing hydrogen energy modules to achieve a flexible and highly efficient renewable power supply for communities. The comprehensive thermodynamic models of the proposed combined system are established, and the daily performance of the system is simulated and analyzed based on a power supply-demand matching strategy. From the results, the switching points of hydrogen generation/consumption mode occur at 6 h and 18 h. During the day time, the system's overall energy efficiency varies between 13.28% and 14.36%, representing a significant improvement compared to the previous geothermal-solar combined system only with 5.67% energy efficiency. Then, the effects of geothermal water temperature and solar radiation intensity on the system's daily performance are analyzed, showing the daily net hydrogen production amount increases from −28.71 kg to 306.24 kg with the improved geothermal grade. Finally, the fluctuant electricity profiles of two typical communities are taken into the simulation for case analysis. The good demand-supply matching results for both cases showcase the dynamic capture ability of the models and validate the applicability of the proposed system.

E-Transaction Point of Sales (POS) with Fuzzy Tsukamoto Algorithm at PT. Samihasa Kita

PT. Samihasa Kita is a glass product distributor company that was founded in 1989, which is located in the city of Semarang, Central Java, with sales area coverage in Central Java, D.I Yogyakarta, Jakarta, and Kalimantan. So far, PT Samihasa Kita has an erratic amount of demand for goods, as a result, sometimes the number of goods produced for sale with the goods purchased by consumers is not balanced. This resulted in PT Samihasa Kita not getting the maximum profit. Based on this problem, Fuzzy Tsukamoto logic was chosen to determine the optimal daily production amount. By using fuzzy logic can be determined the relative size of the production of goods. The Fuzzy Tsukamoto method can also be used to forecast sales in the coming month based on the amount of inventory. Thus the amount of production and demand for goods PT. Samihasa Kita is predictable and balances transactions. E-transaction Point Of Sales (POS) with the Fuzzy Tsukamoto algorithm at PT. Samihasa aims to be able to predict demand and procurement of goods that will have an impact on optimizing revenue.

Work overload and diagnostic errors in radiology

PurposeTo determine the association between workload and diagnostic errors on clinical CT scans. MethodThis retrospective study was performed at a tertiary care center and covered the period from January 2020 to March 2023. All clinical CT scans that contained an addendum describing a perceptual error (i.e. failure to detect an important abnormality) in the original report that was issued on office days between 7.30 a.m. and 18.00 p.m., were included. The workload of the involved radiologist on the day of the diagnostic error was calculated in terms of relative value units, and normalized for the known average daily production of each individual radiologist (workloadnormalized). A workloadnormalized of less than 100% indicates relative work underload, while a workloadnormalized of > 100% indicates relative work overload in terms of reported examinations on an individual radiologist’s basis. ResultsA total of 49 diagnostic errors were included. Top-five locations of diagnostic errors were lung (n = 8), bone (n = 8), lymph nodes (n = 5), peritoneum (n = 5), and liver (n = 4). Workloadnormalized on the days the diagnostic errors were made was on average 121% (95% confidence interval: 106% to 136%), which was significantly higher than 100% (P = 0.008). There was no significant upward monotonic trend in diagnostic errors over the course of the day (Mann-Kendall tau of 0.005, P = 1.000), and there were no other notable temporal trends either. ConclusionsRadiologists appear to have a relative work overload when they make a diagnostic error on CT. Diagnostic errors occurred throughout the entire day, without any increase towards the end of the day.

Evolution of Thermoelectric Generators: From Application to Hybridization.

Considerable thermal energy is emitted into the environment from human activities and equipment operation in the course of daily production. Accordingly, the use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can attract wide interest, and it shows high potential in reducing energy waste and increasing energy recovery rates. Notably, TEGs have aroused rising attention and been significantly boosted over the past few years, as the energy crisis has worsened. The reason for their progress is that thermoelectric generators can be easily attached to the surface of a heat source, converting heat energy directly into electricity in a stable and continuous manner. In this review, applications in wearable devices, and everyday life are reviewed according to the type of structure of TEGs. Meanwhile, the latest progress of TEGs' hybridization with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and photovoltaic effect is introduced. Moreover, prospects and suggestions for subsequent research work are proposed. This review suggests that hybridization of energy harvesting, and flexible high-temperature thermoelectric generators are the future trends.

Composites (LiCl + CH3COONa)/ACF/SiO2 for multicyclic adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) offers an accessible method for fresh water harvesting. Rapid adsorption–desorption kinetics and mass production of adsorbents are core to realizing high water productivity. SAWH systems using composite adsorbent composted of activated carbon fiber, silica gel and LiCl can obtain high daily water productivity (3.9 ∼ 7.7 Lwater day−1). However, daily water productivity per unit mass of adsorbent (∼0.4 Lwater kgadsorbent-1 day−1) is inferior since the strong hygroscopicity of LiCl is like a double-edged sword. A combination of binary salts (LiCl + CH3COONa) might be a way to improve daily water productivity per unit mass of adsorbent for a rapid-cycling water harvester. In this study, composite samples modified with different ratios of binary salts were prepared. Water uptakes of binary samples were inferior to the LiCl modified sample, whereas the adsorption rate and desorption rate increased by 31% and 155% respectively, with proper proportion of binary salts. Water releases of binary samples improved by 34%∼69% in a 180 mins’ adsorption–desorption cycle under different adsorption/desorption time ratios. Potential daily water productivity of the optimal binary sample can be up to 3.5 Lwater kgadsorbent-1 day−1 (adsorption at 25 °C&70 %RH and desorption at 70 °C &10 %RH) in an eight times cycles per day. Considering a system efficiency of 20 ∼ 30%, SAWH using this binary sample can still achieve pretty good daily water productivity. This method offers a promising route to develop high-performance materials in kilogram scale for multicyclic SAWH.

An allusive realization on the performance analysis of glass to glass, glass to tedlar and aluminum base flexible photovoltaic (PV) module

The photovoltaic effect plays a significant role in power generation by using solar PV modules. The two most popular types of PV panels majorly available in the market: Glass-to-Tedlar (G-T) and Glass-to-Glass (G-G) type. Both G-T and G-G type of modules are rigid in structure due to the involvement of transparent glass cover on the top of the module. In order to have non rig-id or flexible type of module, a module structure with aluminum as base and transparent plastic sheet at the top has been taken which is known as flexible type of PV module (F-Al). The use of plastic and aluminum makes these modules more flexible and lighter in weight as compared with G-T and G-G type of PV modules. The advantage of using F-Al PV module is that it can easily be modified into desired shapes. Initially, the mathematical modeling of F-Al PV module has been developed on Simulink. The different set of data for these three types of modules has been taken for analyzing the performance of these modules. The performance analysis of G-T type, G-G type and F-Al type of PV modules have been compared in terms of efficiency, cell temperature, daily energy production. The maximum electrical efficiency has been observed with G-G PV module. It is also observed that being with flexible nature, efficiencies of F-Al PV modules are almost comparable with G-T modules. The cell temperature of F-Al PV module and G-T PV module is found to be larger than G-G module. The daily electrical energy produc-tion was found to be more with G-G module in comparison to G-T and F-Al PV modules for a typical day in the month of April, 2019. It is also observed that due to flexible nature of F-Al module, efficiency is also converging faster towards regression line in comparison to G-G and G-T module. Further, efficiency and daily energy consumption of all three modules of PV panel are realized through artificial neural network (ANN). It is observed that least mean square error (MSE) is obtained with F-Al in comparison to G-G and G-T under the implication of ANN. Therefore, additional feature of least MSE for F-Al makes its preferable over others.

Technical-economic and environmental protection performance evaluation of a novel hybrid solar-nuclear thermally coupled power and desalination plant.

Clean energy complementary system can reduce environmental pollution effectively and is considered as a future energy development direction. In this paper, an innovative solar-nuclear thermally coupled power and desalination plant for electricity and freshwater productions is proposed. As solar power and nuclear power are combined, this multi-energy system is a clean energy system and basically has no emissions of soot, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The operating behavior assessment results of the multi-energy system show that the power generation and freshwater production systems can operate synergistically. The electric power and corresponding efficiency of the multi-energy system are 290.7 MW and 38.2%, in which the solar proportion is about 38.1%. The daily freshwater production of the multi-energy system is 3761.3 t. The economic assessment results reveal that the levelized costs of electricity and freshwater of the multi-energy system are 0.361 yuan/(kWh) and 1.645 yuan/t. The environmental protection analysis results show that in contrast with a coal-fired system, the annual emission reductions of soot, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides of the multi-energy system are 7350.94 t, 12,634.42 t, 513,034.14 t, and 11,945.28 t, revealing a significant environmental protection performance.

A Multiple Objective Hybrid Algorithm for Daily Ore Blend in Oil Sands Mines

ABSTRACT Oil sands mining contributes to the Canadian daily oil production by producing 1.617 million barrels per day. Processing oil sands is a complex operation with a critical sensitivity to the properties of the blended ore at the crusher that must follow the slurry pipeline and separation tank requirements. The blend optimisation in oil sands mines is a tedious work performed mostly manually by the mining engineers at the mine sites and requires fine-tuning as shovels move from one block to another in the same mining face. Miscalculations leading to deviation from the target properties cause inevitable economically and operationally expensive issues to the value chain including but not limited to sanding the pipeline, separation tank hick-ups, etc. Herein, we present a hybrid multi-objective algorithm addressing abovementioned issues in daily blending process and providing the operation crew with a clear practical production target at each mining face. The algorithm takes the processing targets as inputs and minimises deviations from each desired target by considering material properties at mining faces, the capacity of trucks, and production rates of active shovels.

Testicular and epididymal anatomy and spermatozoa reserves of rabbit bucks fed <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf meal-based diets supplemented with mixtures of garlic, ginger or black pepper

Twenty-five mature male crossbred (Chinchilla × California× New Zealand White × Dutch) bucks (aged between six and seven months) of average weight (1915±125 g) were used. The bucks were fed either of five diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as a complement and mixtures of either garlic, ginger or black pepper (spices) as supplements; diet one having no MOLM or spices; diet two having 6% MOLM; diet three having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5g ginger (GG) per kg diet; diet four having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet; diet five having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g ginger (GG) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet in a CRD for three months. Data was analyzed using the GLM procedure while mean separation was done using pairwise difference method of SAS. Significantly (p < 0.05) lowest testes weight was obtained for MOLM + GR + BP fed bucks. Total testes volume was significantly (p < 0.05) lowest for MOLM + GR + GG fed bucks. Total caudal epididymidis sperm reserves were significantly (p < 0.01) highest for MOLM fed bucks. Daily sperm production and daily sperm production per gramme parenchyma were not (p > 0.05) affected by MOLM or addition of the spices to the diets. It is concluded that testes volume was increased by 6% MOLM + 3.5 g GR + 3.5 g BP. Also, MOLM fed at 6% dietary level increased caudal epididymides sperm reserves.

Current endometriosis care and opportunities for improvement.

Endometriosis is a chronic disease associated with debilitating pain that affects many people assigned female at birth, from menarche through menopause, not just causing pain and infertility, but also negatively impacting quality of life, participation in daily activities, productivity and income. It is associated with increased incidence of obstetric and neonatal complications, depression, other chronic diseases, and substantial healthcare costs. Despite the profound negative impact of endometriosis on quality of life, current treatment options remain sub-optimal and many patients express dissatisfaction with current care. The prevailing acute-care, single-provider model in which the provider works in relative isolation and thus with limited therapeutic strategies readily available, proves inadequate for treating endometriosis. Patients would benefit from earlier diagnosis and referral to a center capable of providing a comprehensive and multi-modal management plan that utilizes a chronic care model. Often this can only be achieved through multidisciplinary teams of providers with expertise in endometriosis. Researchers need to agree on standardized core outcome measures, relevant to patients with endometriosis and the healthcare system as a whole. Only through increased education and recognition of endometriosis as a chronic disease can we achieve better treatment outcomes.

The Effect of Type of Roof on Heat Tolerance Coefficient and Milk Production in Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cows

The type of the roof is one of the factors affecting dairy production, especially in the tropics. Many physiological mechanisms are affected by air temperature and humidity which is affected by the type of roofs. The objectives of the research were to determine the effect of type of roofs that are asbestos-roofed and tile-roofed on Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) and milk production in Holstein Friesian Crossbred (FHC) cows. The research was conducted in 18th August to 20th Septembre 2022 in the traditional farms in Pandesari village, Pujon District, Malang Regency. Material used was 25 FHC cows from 4 farmers that have tile-roofed stall and 22 cows from 4 farmers who had asbestos-roofed stall. Research method was a field study with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test using Minitab software 17 version. Results showed that the type of roof had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body temperature and milk production of FHC cows, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on respiratory rates and HTC of FHC cattle. The air temperature of the tile-roofed cage was 21.88 ± 3.18 oC with humidity of 84.94 ± 13.18%, while the air temperature of the asbestos-roofed cage was 22.21 ± 3.40 °C with humidity of 73.94 ± 9.46 %. The body temperature of the FHC cow in the asbestos-roofed cage was 38.62 ± 0.46 oC while in the tile-roofed cage it was 38.33 ± 0.30°C. The respiratory rates of cows in asbestos-roofed cages was 38.01 ± 5.23 times/minute while in tile-roofed cages it was 36.14 ± 6.00 times/minute. HTC of cows in the asbestos-roofed cage was 2.66 ± 0.24 while in the tile-roofed cage it was 2.57 ± 0.26. Daily milk production of FHC cows in asbestos-roofed pens was 9.06 ± 4.23 liters/day/head while in tile-roofed pens it was 12.47 ± 3.84 liters/day/head.

Modelling and forecasting dairy milk production: Evidence from Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models

Dairy sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world with little global contributions from African countries and from Nigeria in particular. This study modelled and forecast diary milk production in Iwo and its environs using different variants of Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models. Data used in this study comprised the daily milk production in Iwo and environs between 26th May, 2021 and 31st May, 2022 as obtained from Bowen University milk collection centre in Iwo, Nigeria. Sstationary was examined using the ADF test and p-value of. 0020 indicating the data is stationary at level (p<.05). Preliminary result indicates that milk production in the study area was as it peak in June, 2021 with 295 litres and the least value was obtained in September, 2021 with average of 63.95 litres in 2021 and 64.93 litres in 2022 respectively. There was no significant difference in litres of milk produced between these two years (p>.05). Four ARMA models, ARMA(1,1), ARMA(1,2), ARMA(2,1) and ARMA(2,2) were identified as tentative models with BIC values of 7.528, 7.550, 7.549 and 7.570 respectively. The four tentative models satisfied model diagnostic checking (p>0.05) and ARMA (1,1) gave the lowest value of Root Mean Square Error. Hence, ARMA(1,1) was adjudged as the best forecasting model among the competing models. Result of 30 days forecast shows that there will be a consistent steady increase in milk production within a range of 38 litres to 55 litres per day.

Effect of Spraying Water on the Body of Holstein Cows under Heat Stress Conditions in Milk Production and Components

The aim of the current experiment is to reduce heat stress on imported Holstein cows in central Iraq during the months of August and September. Using 12 Holstein cows multiparous from milk-producing cows raised in the station, divided into three treatments each treatment containing 4 cows. C = cows without spraying (control treatment), T1 = cows sprayed once a day at 1 pm and T2 = cows sprayed twice a day at 11 am and 1 pm. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the treatments in the daily milk production during the second, fourth and eighth weeks of the experiment in the twice-daily spraying treatment, which recorded 13.25, 14.50 and 13.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, compared with the control treatment in the second and fourth weeks, where It recorded 9.50 and 11.00 kg/cow/day, respectively, and compared with the T1 treatment in the eighth week, which was 8.50 kg/cow/day, and it was noted that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the total milk production during the trial period. However, there was an arithmetical increase in the spraying treatment, which amounted to 796 kg/cow compared with control treatment which recorded 694 kg/cow, and in the treatment of spraying once a day it amounted to 722.75 kg/cow, and for the milk components that include fat, protein, lactose sugar, ash and density There were no significant differences between the treatments during the experiment period. We conclude from the current experiment that spraying Holstein cows with water twice a day during the period of heat stress had a positive effect in increasing milk production in some weeks of the experiment during the months of August and September.

Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaf meal supplementation on production performance and egg quality of laying hens

This experiment was conducted to investigate the supplemental effect of rosemary leaf meal (RLM) on egg production and egg quality in Lohmann-Brown laying hens. For each treatment, six replicates were performed with four 24-week-old laying hens for a total of 96 chickens. Dried rosemary leaf meal (RLM) was present in the commercial laying hen ration at 0, 1.7, 3.5 and 5.2%, respectively. The interactions between dietary treatments, egg storage temperatures (4 °C, 21.5 °C), and egg storage durations (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days) were examined in factorial designs using a fully randomized design. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2014, Ver. 9.3) and Tukey's multiple range tests to separate the means. The inclusion of dried RLM at a level of 5.2% (p < 0.05) significantly improved the hens' daily egg production (78.9%). Feed conversion ratio (2.25) and egg weight (56.7 g) compared to control treatment. Similarly, at 3.5% and 5.2% RLM supplementation, eggshell weight (5.876 g) and eggshell strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) (compared to control, a weight of 3.76 kg/cm2 and a shell thickness (0.37 mm) was observed. In addition, the groups fed 5.2% RLM had significantly higher albumin weight (34.9 g/L), albumin height (6.9 mm), and yolk weight (15.6 g/L). l), yolk height (15.9 mm), yolk color (5.3 points), and Hough unit (83.9 points) than the control groups. Regarding the external characteristics of stored eggs, a group of hens fed at rates of 3.5 and 5.2% RLM showed significantly greater (p < 0.05) egg weight with increases in storage temperature and duration as a control group. There was a significant interaction effect between stored eggs collected from the supplemented groups in terms of egg weight, weight loss, shell weight, shell strength, and shell thickness stored at specific temperatures and storage durations. There was a decrease in albumen level and Haugh unit (HU) with an increase in storage temperature and duration over treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, better external quality was observed in eggs collected from a group of chickens fed 4.5 and 5.2% RLM after 35 days of storage compared to a control group. Mean albumen height, albumen weight, HU, yolk height, and yolk color of eggs stored in the refrigerator (4 °C) were an exception for yolk weight, which was higher compared to room temperature (21.5 °C). Significantly low (P < 0.05) albumen height (6.61 to 2.96 cm), Hough unit (82.49 to 47.64 points), and yolk height (14.66 to 12.35 mm) were observed at 35 days storage recorded in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation with RLM at 3.5% and 5.2% improved the performance and quality of both fresh and stored eggs.

Effects of temperature on the fecundity and longevity of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on artificial diet

AbstractThe melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is an important polyphagous pest that damages to various agricultural crops, whose distribution has become global as a result of human activity. In this study, we investigated the fecundity, pre‐oviposition and oviposition periods, and the longevity of adult Z. cucurbitae at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35.2°C. One newly emerged one virgin female and two males of Z. cucurbitae were used, and the longevity of both sexes and the fecundity of the females were examined daily. The longevity of female Z. cucurbitae ranged from 183.8 days at 15.0°C to 30.8 days at 35.2°C, and the maximum fecundity per female was 1204 eggs at 24.5°C. The lower development threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) of females were estimated as 14.8°C and 781.13 degree‐days, respectively. Female reproduction was modeled using a two‐phase oviposition model. Oviposition was estimated using females in the oviposition phase, which had a complete pre‐oviposition phase. The oviposition model consisted of two reproductive components (total fecundity and age‐specific cumulative oviposition rate during oviposition) and a survival component (age‐specific survival rate). The daily egg production of Z. cucurbitae was estimated in relation to adult age and temperature.

Smart modelling of dairy milk production with machine learning

Complex non-linear correlations between the predictors (features) and the independent variable can be modeled using machine learning techniques. This modeling strategy is clever because it uses machine learning to develop process predictions after the right model has been created. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine how to simulate dairy milk production using machine learning. The daily milk output in Iwo and its environs between May 26, 2021, and May 31, 2022, as measured in liters, was used. Five features in the data set were identified; the day of the week, month, year, season and day number. We tested a total of 14 different supervised learning (regression) machine learning techniques. 20% of the data were used for validation, while 80% were used to train these algorithms. The Bagged Tree gave the highest R - square value of 0.67 and the lowest RMSE of 20.26 among the 14 Machine Learning techniques taken into account. It is therefore recommended to be used in smart prediction of daily milk production in Iwo and its environs. Also, season was found to influence milk production in the study area with higher milk production in wet season than dry season(p<.05).

Design and implementation of a control system for a steel plate cutting production line using programmable logic controller

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Most of the old machines installed in different industries are managed manually by system operators. This action makes their productivity low and not suitable to cover the needs in other sectors. In addition, these machines are not without risks due to the proximity of the operators to them. The installing a new full system instead of the old one on the same site requires very high costs. So, modernizing the same old system by making its operation automatic has become necessary to reduce the economic cost significantly. In this paper, an automatic control system based on &lt;a name="_Hlk124492942"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;programmable logic controller (PLC) for the cutting steel plate machine that had been managed manually in a factory is designed. The system includes an Encoder that is used to specify the length of the steel plate to be cut by sending a signal to the PLC. The system operation is completed by using human machine interface (HMI) unit to monitor and control the system performance by the system operator. A practical test for the developed system offered more productivity (more than 30%), more safety, reduces human efforts and the total daily production cost (less than one third).&lt;/span&gt;