Days In Medium Research Articles

What do university students think about the metaverse?

Metaverse is a new concept which is frequently discussed in many fields such as health, art, sports, entertainment, education, trade, and marketing. The scope and actuality of this concept, which expresses a new digital world beyond the universe, necessitated this study. In this study; gender, age, duration of social media usage and levels of metaverse knowledge, awareness and attitude of university students have been tried to be analyzed statistically in terms of variables such as playing digital games, using e-commerce, communicating with other individuals in virtual channels and the availability of crypto money. The survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was preferred in the study. Independent Sample T Test and Pearson Correlation tests were used to analyze data with a normal distribution. The universe of the research includes students studying at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University in the 2021-2022 academic year, and the sample of the research includes 271 students (122 females and 149 males), studying in different departments of the same university. Apart from the personal information form, the 'Metaverse Scale’ developed by Süleymanoğulları et al. was chosen as a data collection tool. According to the results, male participants' metaverse knowledge, attitude, and awareness levels are higher than females in the sub-dimensions of digitalization and lifestyle. While a positive and weak relationship was found between the participants’ average daily social media usage time and the technology sub-dimension average score, the analysis results indicate that the levels of the participants who engage in e-commerce in the technology, digitalization, and lifestyle sub-dimensions are higher than the others. Finally, it has been found that the metaverse knowledge, attitude and awareness levels of the students with crypto money in the sub-dimensions of technology, digitalization and lifestyle are higher than those in the other group. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the metaverse attitudes, awareness and knowledge levels of the university students who constitute the research sample group differ depending on sociocultural and socioeconomic factors.

The Relationship Between Problematic Social Media Use and Time Spent on Social Media: Exploring Neuroticism as a Moderator

A growing body of research shows that social media use is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and neuroticism. Problematic social media use (PSMU), for the purpose of this study, was characterized by behaviors similar to those displayed in gambling and addiction such as shame, guilt, and loss of control. This study explored the relationship between PSMU and the amount of time spent on social media. It was predicted that the number of hours spent on social media would be positively correlated with PSMU and that an individual’s neuroticism score would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Data were collected from college students across the United States through an online survey as part of the Psi Beta National Research Project (N = 1,422). The survey included questions regarding PSMU, hours spent using social media, and personality. Results found a moderate correlation between problematic social media use and hours of daily media use. Neuroticism did not appear to have a moderating effect on the relationship. This study aimed to offer supporting data to further the understanding of the effects of social media on mental health. Our results can help provide a guide in which future studies can focus on improving social media use outcomes for all people.

Self-esteem only goes so far: the moderating effect of social media screen time on self-esteem and depressive symptoms

ABSTRACT This study assessed the independent association of self-esteem and social media screen time on depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating role of social media screen time in the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms. The Mobile Screen Time Project was a cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted from March to May of 2019. 437 U.S. college students were recruited via social networks from two institutions of higher education. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations between self-esteem and average daily social media time with depressive symptoms; an interaction effect was explored. Self-esteem had an inverse association (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80–0.94) and daily social media time had a significant association with depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.22) after adjusting for sexual and gender status, race/ethnicity, age, social status, and insomnia. We found a significant moderating effect (p = 0.016) of daily social media time. The more time spent on social media, the less protective self-esteem was against depressive symptoms. Those suffering from depressive symptoms or low self-esteem may benefit from reducing their social media use, intentionally exposing themselves to positive content and leveraging peer-to-peer social support through social media to create a sense of belonging.

Kültür Medyumuna İlave Edilen Antioksidanların Blastosist Gelişim Oranlarına Etkisi

The present study, it was aimed to determine the effect of antioxidants added to culture media on blastocyst development rates in in vitro embryo production. The material of the study consisted of oocytes collected from the ovaries taken from the slaughterhouse. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were collected and classified under a stereomicroscope. Oocytes included in the study were subjected to maturation and fertilization stages. Probable zygotes were transferred to the culture (IVC) containing antioxidants (L-ergothionine 100 μM (n: 163), Vitamin E 100 μM (n: 151) Cysteamine 50 μM (n: 154) and were cultured in a tri gas incubator (Hera Cell- 6% O2%, 6%CO2, 88%N). Blastocyst rates and embryo quality were determined on the 6th and 7th days in culture medium. Differences in IVMFC stages were evaluated by chi-square test. 966 oocytes were collected from 162 ovaries collected from the slaughterhouse. It was determined that the number of oocytes per ovary was 5,96, and the number of A and B quality oocytes was 4.26. It was determined that 655 (94.93%) of a total of 690 oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation were mature. The cleavage rates of the groups were 83.44%; 80.79%; 79.87%, and 83.96%, respectively. 140 (21.37%) blastocysts were obtained from 655 oocytes taken into the culture stage and the blastocyst rates in the groups were 33.13%; 8.61%; 7.79%, and 32.62%, respectively. As a result of the study, it was determined that the rates of blastocysts in the L-ergothioneine added the group was similar to the control group, but the blastocyst rates decreased significantly in the cysteamine and Vitamin E added groups. It was thought that this decrease might have been affected by the dose of antioxidants or the adequacy of oocyte development

Engagement with social media content results in lower appearance satisfaction: An experience sampling study using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale

Social media use is consistently associated with more negative body image, but much of this literature is cross-sectional and/or lacks ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, we examined associations between everyday social media engagement and appearance satisfaction using an experience sampling method. Fifty participants from Central Europe completed a 14-day experience sampling phase in which they reported their appearance satisfaction at two random time-points each day, as well as following active engagement with social media content, using a wrist-worn wearable and a physical analogue scale (PAS; i.e., angle of a participant’s forearm between flat and fully upright as a continuous response scale). Results indicated that engagement with social media content was significantly associated with lower appearance satisfaction. Additionally, we found that engagement with the content of known others was associated with significantly lower appearance satisfaction than engagement with the content of unknown others. These effects were stable even after controlling for participant demographics, active vs. passive daily social media use, and body image-related factors. These results provide evidence that everyday social media engagement is associated with lower appearance satisfaction and additionally provides preliminary support for the use of a PAS in body image research using an experience sampling method.

The interplay of personal storytelling with rational justifications in online discussions: A qualitative exploration of news user comments

In light of theoretical controversies among deliberation scholars, this study thoroughly explores the interplay of personal storytelling with rational justifications in online discussions. In a qualitative content analysis, it examines how this relationship manifests in online news user comments on the public role of religion and secularism in society from the period of August 2015 until July 2016. To provide more general interpretive insights, the study analyses highly comparable data from multiple countries. The material stems from the websites of nine daily news media in Australia, the United States, Germany and Switzerland. In the investigated online news user comments, personal storytelling regularly interplays with rational justifications in the shape of a narrative rationality and a supportive narrativity. While narrative rationality relies on personal narratives to make a point in the form of a rational justification, supportive narrativity builds on personal experiences referenced in passing to further reinforce a general line of reasoning. Personal storytelling thus plays a vital role in justifying the normative rightness of the positions that the commenters take on the contested issue. This supports normative theories that acknowledge the merit of personal storytelling for public deliberation and provides new impulses for their specification.

Examining social media and academic social network use, and trends in physician-patient communication via social media: a national study

Introduction: In the history of the internet, social media occupy an exceptional place because they bring about sociological changes and cause things that will influence the course of history. It has become inevitable to conduct a study that examines the changes in the relationship between academic social networks and online patient-physician relationships, which have become widespread in recent years, especially among physicians. This study attempted to address this deficiency.
 Material and Method: An online survey was created on Google Forms that included questions about physicians' use of social and academic media networks and their communication habits with online patients. Age, gender, medical specialty and workplace, social media use, academic social networks usage, and relationships with patients via social media were analyzed.
 Results: Daily social media usage was significantly associated with age and medical specialty. Participants aged 40-50 and Basic Medic Science Consultants were least likely to use social media. The use of Facebook was the lowest among those under 30 (12.2%). Among those under 30, the use of LinkedIn was deficient (2.0%). Google Scholar was the most frequently used academic social network (38.5%). Surgical specialists were more likely to share medical content. Under 30 and over 50 were more likely to share their medical titles on social media than other groups. The percentage of those who reported having also physically examined the patient during online communication was 64.5%. This high rate is by no means negligible. Patients' most frequent responses to online communication requests were via WhatsApp (80.3%). The under-30 age group was found to have less contact with patients on social media. 
 Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the use of the academic social network is lower than expected, even among academically active participants. The fact that Facebook usage is significantly lower among those under 30 suggests that Facebook is outdated as a social medium for young physicians. Participants in university hospitals, private clinics, and those under 40 use social media differently than other groups. More online patient communication is an important advance. It is also significant that the number of studies has increased after online communication. If investments are made in this topic, it can be expected that a substantial part of patient-doctor relationships will be handled online soon. However, social media studies wear out quickly, so they should be repeated frequently.

The impact of adolescent's daily electronic media use on sleep: Insights from adolescent's and their mother's point of view.

Several studies demonstrated that electronic media use (EMU) is negatively associated with sleep in adolescents. Most studies however are cross-sectional, self- or parents reports, and not distinguishing between different EMU types. Therefore, this study aimed to examine associations between adolescent's EMU and sleep reported by adolescents and from their mothers' perspective in a dyadic ambulatory assessment design. One hundred and five mother-adolescent dyads reported for 14 consecutive days adolescent's EMU for different EMU types and sleep duration. Mothers reported less EMU in the evening and more sleep of their adolescents than adolescents themselves. Multilevel analyses revealed that at the between- and within-person level, EMU in the evening was negatively associated with sleep. Different EMU types differed in effect sizes of associations with sleep. No effects were found for watching TV/DVD/video, whereas for gaming at the between- and within-person level, negative associations with sleep duration were found. For PC/tablet and smartphone use in the evening significant between-person association with sleep duration for adolescent's self-reports and from mother's point of view was found. It is important to investigate adolescent's EMU on a daily basis, from a dyadic perspective, and for different EMU types separately.

Associations between Parent Attitudes and on- and off-Screen Behaviours of Preschool Children in Singapore.

The research aims were to examine the relationships between parent and child digital media use and to describe the characteristics of the top and bottom quartiles of child digital media use in meeting the 24 h integrated guidelines for sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Parent-reported on- and off-screen habits and quality of life of children were collected from 1481 parents of preschool children aged 2–5 years in 2019. Significant relationships were detected between parent and child digital media use (weekday, r = 0.274; weekend, r = 0.421, p < 0.05) with no sex difference in daily child digital media use (p > 0.05). Age of first exposure to fixed screens, daily digital media use, and physical play durations were significantly different between heavy (child-TQ) and light (child-BQ) child users of digital media (p < 0.05). Parental perceived importance of child digital media use and parental awareness and practice of guidelines for child digital media use differed significantly between parents of child-TQs and parents of child-BQs (p < 0.05). The number of 24 h movement guidelines met between child-TQs and child-BQs differed (p < 0.05). Parents voiced serious concerns for child digital media use, including addiction (75–76%), poor eyesight (73%), access to inappropriate content (73–74%), a lack of parent–child interaction (65%), poor sleep (49–55%), and a lack of physical activity (55–59%), but these findings did not translate to parental enforcement of the guidelines. Parent education on how to get the best digital media use outcomes for preschool children is recommended.

Big data analyses for real-time tracking of risks in the mineral raw material markets: implications for improved supply chain risk management

Resilient supply chains have become a key issue for manufacturing companies to ensure a stable supply for their manufacturing processes and for governments to ensure the stable supply of essential goods to society. Building diversified supply chains and monitoring the performance of suppliers are major mitigation strategies to counteract disruptions at an early stage. Supply chain risk management and monitoring of supply chains using big data analytics are getting increasing attention. The growing number of data sources has huge implications on the reporting of incidents that may disrupt supply chains. The data sources may stem from a variety of internet sources like daily media reports provided on websites, social media or specialist media, or they may stem from specific databases. The sooner this information is disclosed to stakeholders and analysed the better the preventive strategies generally are. Timely information prolongs the reaction time and may help to reduce the severity of an incident. This paper highlights a science-based real-time tracking analysis of risks in the mineral raw material markets for the period 2019 to 2021 using big data analytics provided by a commercial system. A set of data for 12 selected mineral raw materials was provided by the authors and analysed using more than 100 risk indicators from 14 major risk categories as part of a commercial big data system. The extracted information can have imminent value to identify supply shortages, production halts or price peaks at an early stage. The main question was to find out whether such big data analytics are precise enough to detect potential, globally relevant, supply shortages in mineral raw material markets in due time. The results of this paper show that using big data analytics can be a very effective tool to extract relevant information about supply sources and to react timely in case of disruptions or social or environmental mismanagement on the supplier side. However, the nature of big data sources suggests that the parameters of the applied models need elaborate configuration. Each raw mineral market has its own peculiarities in terms of volume, mode of transport, market concentration or countries of origin. These factors influence the relevance of the reported incidents. Furthermore, some incidents have a spurious or only minor connection to the individual markets. For these reasons, we conclude that only supervised models reap the most benefits in the monitoring of mineral raw material markets.

Media Interpreting Into Malaysian Sign Language

During the two years that Malaysia was under intermittent lockdown under the COVID-19 pandemic, the public paid close attention to the daily media briefings from the Ministry of Health and Home Affairs Ministry. While the public waited eagerly for the press conferences, a small corner of the television screen with a gesturing individual caught their imagination, and there were many viral memes and discussions in the social media. This study examines these public perceptions through the lens of personal accounts and retrospective interviews with each of the sign language interpreters to examine the challenges and demands they encountered when working in the context of a civil and health emergency. The impact, control measures, and general wellbeing of these sign language interpreters pre-, during, and post-coverage are analyzed to provide comprehensive insight into their experiences of the Catch-22 situations where they found it difficult to break away. These personal accounts are contrasted with the perceptions of the Malaysian Deaf Community, who were highly critical of the interpreters’ skills regarding their understanding of the degree of accessibility and the quality of their interpretation of technical and critical information under circumstances when the interpreters themselves and the audience were under tremendous stress from the bombardment of dire news, global uncertainties, and unrelieved economic pressures. This study debunks many of the myths and misconceptions of the public on the Deaf Community and sign language interpreters, such as the use of a standardized or universal sign language, the environmental demands of interpreting during a crisis, the conflicting interpersonal and intrapersonal moments experienced by the interpreters, and the linguistic and paralinguistic demands encountered during the press conferences. Even interpreters with many decades of interpreting on television and in the community found their personal worldviews as well as their understanding of their role and their profession dramatically altered and reassessed because of interpreting during these two unprecedented years.

Keeping Employees Safe During Health Crises: The Effects of Media Exposure, HR Practices, and Age.

Occupational health and safety are critical in promoting the wellness of organizations and employees. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most life-threatening viruses encountered in recent history, providing a unique opportunity for research to examine factors that drive employee safety behavior. Drawing from terror management theory, we propose and test a moderated mediation model using data collected from employees working during a peak of the pandemic. We identify two sources of influence — one external (i.e., media exposure), and one internal (i.e., HR practices) to the organization — that shape employees’ mortality salience and safety behaviors. We find that COVID-19 HR practices significantly moderate the relationship between daily COVID-19 media exposure and mortality salience, with media exposure positively associated with mortality salience at lower levels of HR practices but its effects substituted by higher levels of HR practices. Moreover, our results also show that mortality salience spurs safety behaviors, with age moderating this relationship such that younger — but not older — employees are more likely to engage in safety behaviors due to mortality salience. Taken together, we offer theoretical implications for the safety behavior literature and practical implications for organizations faced with health crises or having employees who commonly work in hazardous conditions.

“Maladies of Infinite Aspiration”: Smartphones, Meaning-Seeking, and Anomigenesis

Smartphones have become a ubiquitous part of everyday life, and attachment to these devices is a felt reality for many Americans. This paper describes the link between smartphone attachment and the pursuit of meaning and purpose in life. Analyses reveal meaning-seeking as a positive correlate of smartphone attachment. However, while interaction effects suggest that meaning-seeking through heavy social media and Internet use decreases the odds of smartphone attachment, meaning-seeking is strongly related to attachment at lower levels of daily media use. Also, having a satisfying life purpose decreases the odds of smartphone attachment, though this protective effect is not as strong as meaning-seeking in the final models. We conclude that smartphone attachment, within a context of latent anomie, could be anomigenic, inadvertently exacerbating feelings of despair while simultaneously promising to resolve them. Findings provide a sociological link between smartphone attachment and the negative psychosocial outcomes described in the literature.

The modern Russian Market of business Information in the Conditions of Competition of daily Mass media and Telegram channels

The subject of the study is the business information market in the context of the development of Telegram channels. The relevance of the work is due to the increased competition in the information market between journalists of classical business publications and the authors of Telegram channels of business orientation. Telegram channels of business topics are developing most actively. This is especially acute in the business environment. The object of research is content created by journalists of classic daily business newspapers (RBC, Vedomosti and Kommersant) and authors of Telegram channels who write on business–related topics. We studied it to find out how the business information market is being transformed in Russia. The problem associated with the fact that traditional media are losing their importance as translators of socially significant information and expert opinion is being heard more and more often. For the first time, we consider it on the example of the competition of daily business media and Telegram channels. Using the random sampling method, we reviewed materials published from October 30 to November 5, 2021 in seven Telegram channels, with an audience of 5 to 86 thousand subscribers. We considered the channels that write about the real estate market ("Real estate insiders", "Reinforced concrete batch", "Kompromat GROUP", "Domostroy", "Novostroyman. Moscow. Real estate", "Real Estate", "Moskvastroy"). For the period from 2021 to 2022, three authors of anonymous Telegram channels were interviewed ("Reinforced Concrete batch", "Real Estate insiders" and "Novostroyman. Moscow. Real estate"). In October-November 2021, expert interviews were conducted with representatives of the press services of five Russian companies (Colliers, Stone Hedge, Knight Frank, Accent Capital, Dom.RF). The authors come to the conclusion that the press services of companies treat Telegram channels as full-fledged players in the business information market: they send them comments and press releases. The problem of regulating the content published in Telegram channels remains open.

Strategi Harian Serambi Indonesia dalam Mempertahankan Eksistensi Surat Kabar di Era Media Baru

The challenges of print media in the current technological era are growing rapidly. The era where the role of technology is increasingly influencing the dissemination of information that spreads online and offline. This study aims to determine the strategies used by the print media of the Serambi Indonesia daily newspaper in maintaining its existence in the new era or the digital era. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method with one informant. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The author found the results of this study regarding the strategy carried out by the Serambi Indonesia daily print media, namely being selective in the selection of news content by approaching schools. Participating in the Tribun group, Serambi Indonesia joined together into local newspaper groups throughout Indonesia. Serambi Indonesia also carries out media convergence by creating online media, radio and social media. The choice of news that deserves to be published in the newspaper is accurate news, and the news presented has accurate content that does not cause irony or hoaxes. Therefore, the Serambi Indonesia Daily newspaper is still needed by many people and it is also still in great demand by the public compared to online media. Harian Serambi Indonesia remains a proud newspaper and also a trust in the hearts of the people, even making it the oldest newspaper that still exists in the era of the birth of new media in the development of technology in Indonesia.

Partisan selective exposure in news consumption

The development of online social media has raised concerns about how individuals are over-exposed to partisan news. However, social media are only a part of the daily media diet of an average consumer (Allcott and Gentzkow, 2017; Allen et al., 2020). The aim of this paper is therefore to examine partisan news exposure with respect to the entire media diet. We develop a partisan selective exposure index that indicates the over-representation of partisan political opinions in individual daily news consumption. Our analysis of data from a survey of 4,000 people in France shows that on average, partisan exposure is low when social media are excluded. Our estimations also indicate that social media consumption increases selective exposure to partisan content. While the youngest and the less educated appear to be less exposed to partisan content in the absence of social media, our results suggest that this is no longer the case when social media are included in the news diet. Finally, we show that the more people declare extreme (right- or left-wing) political views, the more they are over-exposed to like-minded content.

Rapid nutrient depletion to below the physiological range by cancer cells cultured in Plasmax.

Mammalian cell culture is a fundamental tool used to study living cells. Presently, the standard protocol for performing cell culture involves the use of commercial media that contain an excess of nutrients. Although this reduces the likelihood of cell starvation, it creates nonphysiologic culture conditions that have been shown to "re-wire" cellular metabolism. Recently, researchers have developed new media like Plasmax, formulated to approximate the nutrient composition of human blood plasma. Although this represents an improvement in cell culture practice, physiologic media may be vulnerable to nutrient depletion. In this study, we directly addressed this concern by measuring the rates of glucose and amino acid depletion from Plasmax in several cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, MCF-7, and SH-SY5Y) over 48 h. In all cell lines, depletion of glucose from Plasmax was rapid such that, by 48 h, cells were hypoglycemic (<2 mM glucose). Most amino acids were similarly rapidly depleted to subphysiological levels by 48 h. In contrast, glucose and most amino acids remained within the physiological range at 24 h. When the experiment was done at physiological oxygen (5%) versus standard (18%) with LNCaP cells, no effect on glucose or amino acid consumption was observed. Using RNA sequencing, we show that this nutrient depletion is associated with enrichment of starvation responses, apoptotic signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A shift from glycolytic metabolism to mitochondrial respiration at 5% O2 was also measured using Seahorse analysis. Taken together, these results exemplify the metabolic considerations for Plasmax, highlighting that cell culture in Plasmax requires daily media exchange.

The Development of a Parental Questionnaire (QQ-MediaSEED) on Bilingual Children’s Quantity and Quality of Digital Media Use at Home

The quantity and quality of children's digital screen media exposure is an emerging area of early childhood studies because of its strong social relevance, and this has been particularly true since the COVID-19 pandemic. The few existing parental questionnaires on children's digital screen media exposure mainly focus on monolingual children's media habits and address either the quantity or quality of children's media exposure. Inspired by the existing instruments, the current study introduces a new parental questionnaire to comprehensively assess the duration, frequency, content, design, and use of bilingual children's digital screen media exposure at home, before and since the COVID-19 pandemic. Focus group discussions and the first wave of our data collection on 141 3–6 years old Singaporean bilingual children indicate good face validity and internal consistency of the parental questionnaire. Our results reveal substantial differences in children’s quantity and quality of daily digital screen media exposure, as well as the discrepancies in their digital media habits between English and their mother tongue languages, before and since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Validating daily social media macroscopes of emotions

Measuring sentiment in social media text has become an important practice in studying emotions at the macroscopic level. However, this approach can suffer from methodological issues like sampling biases and measurement errors. To date, it has not been validated if social media sentiment can actually measure the temporal dynamics of mood and emotions aggregated at the level of communities. We ran a large-scale survey at an online newspaper to gather daily mood self-reports from its users, and compare these with aggregated results of sentiment analysis of user discussions. We find strong correlations between text analysis results and levels of self-reported mood, as well as between inter-day changes of both measurements. We replicate these results using sentiment data from Twitter. We show that a combination of supervised text analysis methods based on novel deep learning architectures and unsupervised dictionary-based methods have high agreement with the time series of aggregated mood measured with self-reports. Our findings indicate that macro level dynamics of mood expressed on an online platform can be tracked with social media text, especially in situations of high mood variability.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Siber Zorbalık Tutumu ile Sosyal Medya Tutumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between cyber bullying and social media attitudes of Faculty of Communication Sciences students. At the same time, it was investigated whether students' cyberbullying attitudes and social media attitudes differ according to demographic variables. The sample of the study consists of 231 students studying at Anadolu University Faculty of Communication Sciences in 2018-2019 academic year. 117 (50.6%) of the participants were female students and 114 (49.4%) were male students. Relational survey model was used as the research model. Personal Information Form, Cyber Bullying Attitude Scale and Social Media Attitude Scale were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the research, there was a negative relationship between cyber bullying attitudes and social media attitudes of the students. There were positive and negative relationships between cyber bullying sub-dimensions and social media sub-dimensions. There was a significant difference between cyberbullying attitude and gender, frequency of social media use. A significant difference was found between social media attitude and frequency of daily internet usage and frequency of daily social media usage.