Daily Growth Research Articles

Enrichment Effect of Artemia sp. with Fruktooligosaccharides to enhance Growth, Survival Rate and Digestive enzyme of Litopenaeus vannamei Larvae

Larvae are the most critical stage in the life stages of fish and shrimp due to the high mortality at this stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enrichment effect of Artemia sp. as live feed using different doses of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the growth, survival rate and amylase, protease and lipase enzymes of vannamei larvae. Four Artemia sp. enrichments with different doses of FOS (P0: 0%, P1: 1.3%, P2: 1.5%, P3: 1.7%) were fed to vannamei larvae. The absolute weight, absolute length, daily growth rate, and protease activity of enrichment treatments were higher (P<0.05) than without enrichment. There are no differences (P>0.05) in protease activity of vannamei larvae between P2 and P3 treatment. Artemia sp. enrichment using different doses of FOS can increase the growth and protease enzyme activity of white shrimp larvae. The growth, protease and amylase activity of vaname larvae are improved with increasing FOS enrichment dose on Artemia sp. The FOS enrichment dose of 1.7% is the best because it can produce the best growth performance, survival rate and digestive enzyme activity.

INFLUENCE OF PHENOTYPIC TRAITS OF COWS ON THEIR MILK PRODUCTION

The research was conducted in LLC JV "Imeni Volovikova", Rivne region (Polissya zone, n=1840), SE DG "Oleksandrivske", Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n=714) and SE "Experimental farm "Askaniyske" (Steppe zone, n=926) on firstborn and full-grown cows (III lactation) of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. In the controlled cows, by retrospective analysis of zootechnical accounting data for the last 10 years, the signs of milk production were studied depending on phenotypic traits (live weight of newborns, 6-, 12- and 18-month-old animals), age and live weight at first calving, duration of the first service period).
 It has been established that animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in different farms are characterised by rather high live weight during the period of their rearing. The highest values of this trait in newborn and 18-month-old heifers were observed in the Forest-Steppe zone, and in 6- and 12-month-old heifers - in the Polissya zone. The best average daily growth from birth to 6 months of age was observed in heifers from the Polissya zone, and in all subsequent age periods and from birth to 18 months - in animals from the Forest-Steppe zone. The highest values of the relative speed and tension of live weight growth of heifers were noted in the period from birth to 6 months, and these indicators decreased with age. Intergroup differentiation in terms of reproductive capacity was observed in the first-born heifers of the controlled farms. Animals from the Steppe zone had the highest live weight at first calving and the shortest duration of the first service period, while animals from the Forest-Steppe zone were the fastest maturing. Cows from the Steppe zone were also the best in terms of milk yield.
 The formation of milk production of first-born cows was significantly influenced by their live weight during the growing period. In the Forest-Steppe zone, the most productive were the first-born cows with a live weight of 40-42 kg at birth, 181-190 kg at 6 months of age, 321-335 kg at 12 months of age and 421-435 kg at 18 months of age; in the Polissya zone - 43 kg and more, 181-190 kg, 321-335 kg and 421-435 kg, respectively; in the Steppe zone - 43 kg and more, 191-200 kg, 336 kg and more and 421-435 kg. Multidirectional relationships were observed between the live weight of first-born heifers at different ages during their rearing and signs of milk production. In animals from the Forest-Steppe zone, they were insignificant and in almost all cases unreliable, while in first-born cows from the Polissya and Steppe zones these relationships were somewhat more significant and in most cases reliable.

Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Nanas terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Mikrofouling

Biofouling often sticks to the ship's hull, even to the propeller parts and pipes that are submerged in water. The existence of this biofouling has an impact on the ship's performance, reducing it and requiring more fuel, which ultimately contributes significantly to increased costs. Microfouling is one of the stages of biofouling growth that appears in a matter of days to weeks with a size of up to 1 mm which can be characterized by the appearance of a slippery layer on the surface of the specimen. Until now, many antifouling paints, as a means of preventing the occurrence of biofouling, still contain TBT, which has serious side effects as a chemical pollutant. Pineapple peel is a waste that is often found in Indonesia and contains bromelain and tannin which are anti-bacterial. The appearance of bacteria is the first phase in the growth of biofouling which is usually called biofilm, so it is hoped that pineapple peel extract will be able to prevent the emergence of biofilm. To determine the effectiveness of pineapple peel extract, this experimental study was carried out. The method used was a Randomized Block Design on ASTM 36 steel plate which is a certified ship material with 3 variations and 1 control of specimen as follows, 3 specimens as controls, 3 specimens with a ratio of 30% pineapple peel extract, 3 specimens with a ratio of pineapple peel extract. 50%, and 3 specimens with a pineapple peel extract ratio of 70%. Immersion for 7 weeks was carried out at Boom Beach, Banyuwangi by calculating the DGR (Daily Growth Rate) once a week. The DGR results obtained were respectively 0.095 g/day at an extract ratio of 30%, 0.0727 g/day at an extract ratio of 50%, and 0.0730 g/day at an extract ratio of 70%.

Predicting Number of Accumulative Cases of Covid-19 Using the Iteration Method

The COVID-19 pandemic, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has rapidly spread to various countries, including India and Indonesia. This study utilizes data from the cumulative cases in India and Indonesia, espand specific provinces within Indonesia, such as DKI Jakarta and Gorontalo, spanning a period of approximately two years. The proposed method incorporates factors such as expected recovery and mortality rates to determine the maximum daily growth, which deviates from exponential growth and tends towards stability or decline. RStudio software was employed to estimate future trends based on the current available data. The results indicate that Indonesia, Jakarta, and Gorontalo exhibit a sloping average growth rate over the past 30 days, while India demonstrates linear movement compared to the previous period. A 20% increase in growth rate in Jakarta leads to a significant rise in new cases compared to the other regions. Conversely, a 0% growth rate reduction in India and Gorontalo results in a notable deviation of cumulative case numbers from the actual data. This method can be applied to analyze similar problems if in the future there is another spread of pandemic diseases.Keywords: COVID-19, Iteration Method, Exponential Growth, Gorontalo and DKI Jakarta.

Salinity tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to seawater and growth responses to different feeds and culture systems

The inability to acclimatise, feed and grow Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in full seawater salinity has been a major obstacle to farming in marine waters. We investigated the salinity tolerance of O. niloticus and growth responses to different feeds and culture systems. Fish were first acclimatised to different salinities in laboratory aquaria, and the survival and growth performance in sea water were then assessed in aquaria, cages and ponds. Acclimatization to seawater salinity (5 – 30) took place at a rate of 5 every 9 days. Fish were stocked at densities of 5 fish/20 L in aquaria, 5 fish/m2 in cages and 3 fish/m2 in ponds. Replicates of 5, 3 and 3 were performed in aquaria, cages and ponds, respectively. Fish were fed on commercial (1 and 2) and locally formulated (30 % crude protein) diets. Mortality rates were higher in aquaria, when fish were introduced to salinities between 5 and 30 over 24 hours. Gradual salinity adjustments attained a stable survival rate of 78 % at salinities above 30. Aquarium experiments indicated significant negative correlation between salinity and survival (p < 0.001, r = 0.387) and daily growth rates varied with diet (0.01 – 0.05 g/day). Acclimatized fish showed minimal mortality in ponds and cages. Daily growth rates varied with diet and culture system; 0.54 - 2.48 g/day in cages and 1.1 - 2.5 g/day in ponds. Fish fed on commercial feed 2 showed significant growth rates for all culture methods (p < 0.05). O. niloticus could be fully acclimatised to seawater and attained promising growth rates when subjected to different commercial diets indicating potential of farming the species in marine waters.

Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Sesame Meal in The Diet of Thai-Chitralada Strain of Oreochromis niloticus (L)

Background: The present study was aimed to determine effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with sesame meal (SSM) in the diet of Juvenile Thai chitralada tilapia. Methods: The study was undertaken with different inclusion levels of sesame meal (SSM) such as T1 (25% SSM), T2 (30% SSM), T3 (35% SSM) and control feed (C) for a period of 90 days. Result: Thai-Chitralada tilapia fed with T3 (35% SSM) diet attained maximum mean weight gain (28.09 g), highest specific growth rate (SGR) (2.69%), best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.04), maximum average daily growth (ADG) (0.31 g) and maximum protein efficiency ratio (PER) (8.87). The lowest growth rate (GR) was observed in the group fed with control diet. Diets with 35% SSM replacement upon SBM showed higher amino acid (AA) profile than other treatments and control diet. Analysed AA profile in T3 - 35% SSM was Arg - 2.88, Hist - 0.86, Isol - 0.92, Leu - 2.60, Lys - 3.78, Met - 0.39, Cys - 0.38, Phe - 1.77, Thr - 1.08, Val - 0.99, Tyro - 1.09, Trypt - 0.24. The higher DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada tilapia was obtained in T3 - 0.459, followed by T1 - 0.44 and T2 - 0.323. The lower DNA / RNA ratio of Thai-Chitralada was obtained in control - 0.321. One way ANOVA of the data analysis and Duncan multiple range test clearly affirmed that different between and sampling periods, Thai-Tilapia fingerlings had significant difference (P less than 0.05) among the different experimental diets. From the present experiment, it could be concluded that, sesame seed meal can replace 35% SBM in the diets of Thai-Chitralada tilapia.

Halquinol and nanoencapsulated essential oils: A comparative study on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broiler chickens

Diets supplemented with halquinol and/or nanoencapsulated essential oils (N-EOs) have shown positive effects on the productive parameters of broiler chickens. However, there is limited comparative evidence between these two products. This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of N-EOs blends with halquinol as dietary supplements for broiler chickens. A total of 500 male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The control group received a conventional diet supplemented with halquinol (60%), while the experimental groups received supplementation with N-EOs blends derived from soursop (S), lemon (L), and eucalyptus (E) in different proportions: T1 (S:33.33%, L:33.33%, E:33.33%), T2 (S:50%, L:25%, E:25%), T3 (S:25%, L:50%, E:25%), and T4 (S:25%, L:25%, E:50%). The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that the T1 and T4 groups obtained the highest values (p < 0.05) for average daily growth rate and breast yield. The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in groups T1 and T4 (p < 0.05). All N-EOs supplemented groups exhibited higher carcass yield (p < 0.05). At day 42, the T1 group displayed increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.01), while all experimental groups showed increased villus width in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). Texture analysis revealed that N-EOs-treated groups had texture values similar to halquinol, except for the T1 group, which significantly increased hardness (p < 0.05). Bromatological analysis showed that the T4 group significantly improved the percentage of crude protein, fat, and ash compared to the halquinol-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T1 and T4 groups exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with N-EOs holds promise as a potential alternative to halquinol, with the added advantage of improved oxidative stability.

Physiological and immunological impact of methanolic lavender extract on female goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The integration of herbal medicine into the ornamental fish industry carries the potential to exert an impact on the overall health and welfare of the fish. In the present study, different levels of lavender extract (L), including control (L0) 1.5 (L1.5), 3 (L3), and 4.5 (L4.5) mg kg−1 feed were examined in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) broodstock during 56-day feeding period following air exposure stress test. Growth parameters, cortisol, biochemical, and immunological parameters in blood and mucus and. reproductive performance were examined. Notably, fish in the L3 group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in growth performance, as evidenced by significant increases in weight gain, specific growth rate, and average daily growth. After stress, fish in the L3 group showed the lowest cortisol and glucose levels in plasma and skin mucus (p < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed a significant increase in the L3 group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Fish in L3 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in plasma and Complementary 3 and Immunoglobulin M The reproductive results indicated that broodstock in the group obtained a high fertilization rate, hatching rate, and larval survival (p < 0.05). This study indicated that 3 mg kg−1 lavender extract can promote fish performance, mitigate stress responses, improve immunity function and ameliorate reproductive performance; thus, lavender supplementation can be recommended as a practical method in the ornamental fish industry.

Determination of the feed additive “Activo” effect on the productivity of lactating sows and young piglets under paratypic factors

The research was carried out at the pig farm of LLC Barkom, village Dublyany of Sambirsky district, Lviv region, and PE “Chernyuk” from Hrushvytsia Persha, Rivne district, Rivne region. According to the principle of analogs, two groups of farrowing sows of the PIC genetic company of the large white breed (2–3 farrowing) of 5 animals each were formed – control and trial. The animals were kept in the same house under the same conditions. The trial group received a standard diet similar to the control group, but the feed additive “Activo” was added to the diet in 0.1 kg/t of finished feed. From the fifth day after birth until weaning, newborn piglets of the trial group were fed pre-starter feed, to which 0.2 kg of the feed additive “Active” was added. The environmental parameters in the houses where the animals were kept differed according to the following leading indicators: the air temperature (°C) in the box with manual control of the supply-exhaust ventilation system in 5-, 14-, and 28-day-old piglets were, respectively, by 3; 2 and 4 °C higher compared to the temperature regime provided by the Big Duchman microclimate system; air movement speed (m/s) lower by 21.4; 33.3 and 8.3 %, respectively; carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) higher in 1.9; 1.8 and 2.1 times, respectively; ammonia concentration (mg/m3) higher in 4.5; 6.1 and 6.1 times, respectively; hydrogen sulfide concentration (mg/m3) higher in 1.8; 4 and 5.4 times, respectively. During the trial period, a probable tendency to decrease feed consumption by sows of the control group by 3.4 % (Р &lt; 0.01) was noted at LLC “Barkom”, and at PE “Chernyuk”, it amounted to 6.22 % (Р &lt; 0.001). At the same time, the loss of live weight in sows of the control group amounted to 10 % at the end of the period at LLC Barcom in the control group; namely, the sows of the group (K) lost an average of 23 kg during the trial period. The sows of the group (E) lost 17 kg. At the PE “Chernyuk” pig farm, the loss of live weight in sows at the end of the period in the control group was 25.8 kg, and in the trial group 19.4 kg, (Р &lt; 0.001), that is 24.8% less compared to the control group. At the pig complex of LLC "Barkom," when applying the feed additive “Activo” to lactating sows, an increase in the live weight of piglets in the trial group from birth to the fifth day after birth was noted by 18.3 %, compared to the control group. A significant increase in the live weight of piglets in the trial group was 17.16 % on the 14th day and 13.76 % (Р &lt; 0.001) on the 28th day of life, respectively. When calculating the average daily growth from birth to weaning (28 days of piglets' life), the difference was 18.54 % (Р &lt; 0.001). Piglets born from sows of the control group at the PE “Chernyuk” pig complex that did not consume the trial feed additive had a slightly lower live weight at birth by 9.4 % compared to the trial group. On the fifth day of life, the live weight of the piglets in the trial group was significantly greater than 30.2 % (Р &lt; 0.001). The tendency to increase the piglet's live weight on the 14th and 28th day of life was observed in the trial group by 20.1 % (Р &lt; 0.01) and 14.1 % (Р &lt; 0.001), respectively, in the control group. When calculating the average daily weight gain from birth to weaning (28 days of piglets' life), the difference was 15.15 % (Р &lt; 0.001).

Growth and survival of banggai cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 with different natural feeds

The Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933) is a conservation priority species in Indonesia. To date there has been no effort to rear Banggai cardinalfish on a commercial scale, so that fish are still mainly captured from the wild. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop ex-situ Banggai cardinalfish culture using different types of natural feed. This research aimed to determine the best type of natural feed to promote the growth and survival of juvenile Banggai cardinalfish. The research was conducted during December 2021-January 2022, at the Central Sulawesi Provincial Marine Affairs and Fisheries Service Hatchery, in Mamboro Village, Palu City. The study used 3 treatments with 6 replicates each: A (Artemia), B (Cullex), and C (Tubifex). The use of different natural feeds had a significant effect on net weight gain but did not have a significant effect on daily growth rate and net growth in length. Treatment B (Cullex) gave the highest net weight gain and daily growth rate of 0.08 ± 0.3 g and 0.25 ± 0.1 % respectively; treatment A (Artemia) gave the highest net growth in length of 0.5 ± 0.2; and survival rate was highest (100%) under treatment B (Cullex).

Biotechnical Aspects of Aquaculture Production of Common Meagre Argyrosomus regius in Floating Cages in Dakhla Bay, Morocco

Abstract This study is the first contribution to monitoring the rearing of common meagre Argyrosomus regius in floating cages anchored in Dakhla Bay, southern Morocco. The aquaculture potential of common meagre in Dakhla Bay was evaluated by zootechnical monitoring of two production cycles. The first batch consisted of 20,000 fingerlings of 4.5 ± 0.13 g in mean initial weight and 6±0.19 cm in fork length, and was caught on 26 August 2019 under a condition factor of about 2.08 ± 0.35. The second batch consisted of 30,000 individuals of 3 ± 0.11 g in average initial weight and 6±0.26 cm in average initial length, and was caught on 4 June 2020 under a condition factor of about 1.39 ± 0.21. During the first experiment, which lasted 16 months, a high growth potential of common meagre was observed. The fish reached an average weight of 1265 ± 69.2 g and an average length of 48±4.32 cm with a specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.58 ± 0.11% day-1 and a daily growth index DGI of 2.45 ± 0.91 g ind-1 day-1. The feed conversion ratio was 1.18 (FER = 0.84), final density was 36.94 kg m-3 and condition factor (k) recorded a mean value of 2.18±0.39 throughout the cycle. The survival rate at the first harvest was 89.86%. After 18 months of rearing, the fish of the second cycle reached a weight of 1285±69.2 g and a size of 47 ± 5.36 cm, with an SGR of 0.49 ± 0.12 % day-1 and a DGI of 2.34 ± 1.35 g ind-1 day-1, an FCR of 1.21 (FER =0.83), the final density of 28.43 kg m-3 and a condition factor of 1.35 ± 0.32. The survival rate was 92.19%. However, the results of the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two production cycles (P &gt; 0.05). These results confirm that common meagre is a very promising species for the diversification of aquaculture in Dakhla Bay and throughout Morocco.

Inclusion of organic and inorganic extractive species improves growth, survival and physiological responses of GIFT fish reared in freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

The investigation was conducted for 60 days period to evaluate the production performance of GIFT fish in the Freshwater Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture system (FIMTA). GIFT was combined with floating weed Lemna minor as an inorganic extractive and freshwater bivalve Lamellidens marginalis as an organic extractive in 1000l Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic tanks. The treatments included GIFT alone as the control (C) treatment, GIFT and L. minor (T1), GIFT and L. marginalis (T2) and GIFT, L. minor and L. marginalis (T3) (FIMTA). GIFT fry were stocked at 40/m3, L. marginalis was stocked at 250 g/m3 respectively and L. minor was seeded 25% of the tank surface area. Growth, survival, water quality and physiological responses of GIFT were assessed in different treatments. A floating pelleted feed (30% crude protein) was supplied to GIFT at a rate of 4% body weight. Among growth variables, growth, biomass, survival, daily weight gain (DWG) and daily growth index (DGI) were found to be highest in T3. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between different treatments in pH, electrical conductivity, DO, total hardness, and TDS among various water quality parameters. Transparency was found to be relatively high in T3. The control group had higher levels of inorganic nutrients such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium, whereas T3 and T1 had lower levels, respectively. Calcium and total hardness were found to be reduced in T2 and T3. Among physiological responses, haematological parameters like RBCs, WBCs and haemoglobin were reported to be higher in T1, T3 and T2 respectively. Control had elevated amounts of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, whereas T3 had the lowest levels. Significantly reduced catalase (CAT) activity was detected in T3. Acute stress parameters like cortisol and glucose levels were found to decrease in the T3. Immunity-based Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were lower in control, while highest in FIMTA system. Serum concentrations for total protein, albumin, and globulin were reported to be elevated in T3. AST and ALT levels, which are measures of liver function, were better in the T3 than in other treatments. The overall results indicate that FIMTA of GIFT with L. minor and L. marginalis can improve water quality and physiological responses, raising survival and yield.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Ikan Mas (Cypriynus carpio)

Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of food fish which is a freshwater fishery commodity that has good prospects. Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) are animals that live in temperate climates and live in freshwater ponds. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of providing these 3 feeds and to determine the development and growth of goldfish after being treated with these three feeds. The method used in this research is an experimental method by providing treatment with the three feeds. Based on the research results, it was found that the growth and development of goldfish can be influenced by several things, including: age, size, density and space for movement. Each type of fish food has a certain daily growth rate value which depends on water quality.

Probiotic complex supplementation to growing pig’s diet enhances daily growth and reduces fecal gas emission

A total of 180 growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 0.8 kg were used in this experiment. According to initial BW and sex, pigs were randomly allotted three dietary treatments, 12 replicates (pen) per treatment, and five pigs per pen. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with either 0.1% Bacillus and Saccharomyce s spp.-based probiotics complex (BS1) or 0.2% probiotics complex (BS2). The whole experiment lasted 42 days. The results showed that the BW of pigs fed the BS1 diet was significantly higher than those fed the CON diet on day 42 ( P &lt; 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of pigs receiving BS1 and BS2 diets was higher than those fed CON diet during days 21–42, whereas during the overall experiment period ADG ( P &lt; 0.05) was higher in only BS1 compared with CON group. The NH3 and H2S emissions on day 42 were reduced from the feces of pigs fed probiotic complex-supplemented diets. Therefore, adding 0.1% probiotic complex to the late-phase diet of growing pigs can more effectively improve BW and daily gain and reduce harmful gas emissions.

Growth of Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) is reduced at contaminated sites in the Lower Duwamish River, Washington

The Lower Duwamish River is a highly industrialized waterway flowing into the densely urbanized Puget Sound waterfront of Seattle, Washington, USA. The river has been profoundly altered from its natural state following more than a century of channelization, recurrent dredging, shoreline armoring, and pollution discharges. As part of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment addressing historical pollution at three designated Superfund sites (i.e., the assessment area), juvenile Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) were sampled throughout the lower river in order to evaluate injury from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), and butyltins (BTs). Sculpin live in close association with the river sediments within and upriver of the assessment area. Fish were collected for analysis of contaminant concentrations in composited whole bodies and stomach contents, as well as individual fish health metrics including daily somatic growth rates measured from otoliths. Sediment contaminant concentrations were also measured at sites near to fishing locations. Fish growth rates varied from 0.65 to 1.05 mm/day, and were significantly lower at unremediated downriver sites compared to upriver and remediated locations. Sculpin growth rates were negatively correlated with concentrations of PCBs in fish bodies, PAHs in stomach contents, as well as PCBs, DDTs and PAHs in sediment. Mixed effects models for whole-body and stomach content contaminants showed positive correlations between growth rate and water temperature. Temperature was not a significant confounding variable for the relationship between growth rate and sediment contaminants. Overall, these results show that juvenile sculpin are harmed by contaminant exposure in the Lower Duwamish River. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility of using paired biological and chemical indicators of pollutant-induced injury in a resident fish to inform a complex Natural Resource Damage Assessment and associated restoration efforts.

Effectiveness of feeding Maggot (Hermetia illucens) and Biomassa Microalga Aurantiochytrium for The Improvement of Joper Chicken (Gallus dometicus) Productivity

Maggots and microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. are known to improve the growth performance of chickens. However, the provision of these two components of chicken feed is still not widely reported. Maggot contains protein, while Aurantiochytium microalgae contain omega 3 DHA, both of which are good for growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of feeding joper chickens (Gallus dometicus) with maggot (Hermetia illucens) and Aurantiochytrium. The location of the research will be carried out at the Green House of Muhammadiyah University Prof. DR. Hamka. The study was conducted experiments using Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 6 treatments and 4 repeats. Treatment P0 (bran and corn 100%), P1 (maggot 10%, microalgae Aurantiochytrium 1.5%, bran &amp; corn 88.5%), P2 (maggot 20%, microalgae Aurantiochytrium 2%, bran &amp; corn 78%), P3 (maggot 30%, microalgae Aurantiochytrium 2.5%, bran &amp; corn 67.5%), P4 (maggot 40%, microalgae Aurantiochytrium  3%, bran &amp; corn 57%), P5 (maggot  50%, microalgae Aurantiochytrium    3.5%, bran &amp; corn 46.5%) The variables observed were body weight and growth in the daily weight rate of joper chickens. The results showed that the effect of variations in the concentration of maggot and Aurantiochytrium microalgae on feed had a significant effect on body weight (P&lt;0.05) and a real effect also (P&lt;0.05) on the daily weight growth rate of joper chickens

Disentangling the dynamics of energy allocation to develop a proxy for robustness of fattening pigs

BackgroundThere is a growing need to improve robustness of fattening pigs, but this trait is difficult to phenotype. Our first objective was to develop a proxy for robustness of fattening pigs by modelling the longitudinal energy allocation coefficient to growth, with the resulting environmental variance of this allocation coefficient considered as a proxy for robustness. The second objective was to estimate its genetic parameters and correlations with traits under selection and with phenotypes that are routinely collected. In total, 5848 pigs from a Pietrain NN paternal line were tested at the AXIOM boar testing station (Azay-sur-Indre, France) from 2015 to 2022. This farm is equipped with an automatic feeding system that records individual weight and feed intake at each visit. We used a dynamic linear regression model to characterize the evolution of the allocation coefficient between the available cumulative net energy, which was estimated from feed intake, and cumulative weight gain during the fattening period. Longitudinal energy allocation coefficients were analysed using a two-step approach to estimate both the genetic variance of the coefficients and the genetic variance in their residual variance, which will be referred to as the log-transformed squared residual (LSR).ResultsThe LSR trait, which could be interpreted as an indicator of the response of the animal to perturbations/stress, showed a low heritability (0.05 ± 0.01), a high favourable genetic correlation with average daily growth (− 0.71 ± 0.06), and unfavourable genetic correlations with feed conversion ratio (− 0.76 ± 0.06) and residual feed intake (− 0.83 ± 0.06). Segmentation of the population in four classes using estimated breeding values for LSR showed that animals with the lowest estimated breeding values were those with the worst values for phenotypic proxies of robustness, which were assessed using records routinely collected on farm.ConclusionsResults of this study show that selection for robustness, based on estimated breeding values for environmental variance of the allocation coefficients to growth, can be considered in breeding programs for fattening pigs.

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF GIANT GOURAMY (Osphronemus gouramy) THROUGH THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN AND PROBIOTICS

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum level of addition of chitosan and probiotics in feed to increase the growth rate and daily feed consumption of giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy). The method used in this research is an experimental method of completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of five treatments and three replications. The treatments used were (A) without giving chitosan and probiotics (control), (B) giving chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 10 ml/kg feed, (C) giving chitosan at 7.5 g /kg feed and probiotics at 15 ml/kg feed, (D) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics at 20 ml/kg feed, (E) chitosan at 7.5 g/kg feed and probiotics of 25 ml/kg feed. The parameters measured were absolute length absolute weight, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency ratio (EPP), survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using the Anova test at the 5% level. The results showed that the addition of different concentrations of chitosan and probiotics to commercial feeds could affect growth, and EPP but did not affect the survival rate of giant gouramy. The results obtained during the study showed that treatment C with the addition of chitosan of 7.5 g/kg of feed and probiotics of 15 ml/kg of feed resulted in the highest absolute length growth of 4.87 cm, the highest absolute weight growth of 19,35 g, the highest daily growth rate was 46,08%, the feed efficiency was 91,5% and survival rate was 97,78%. Whereas in terms of the effectiveness of treatment B with the addition of chitosan 7.5 g/kg of feed and less probiotics, namely as much as 10 ml/kg of feed, the treatment was as good as treatment C.

Selection and development of superior strains through functional trait-based approach in agarophytic red alga Gracilaria dura (Rhodophyta)

Aim: Gracilaria dura, a red agarophyte, is known for its high-quality agarose content and holds significant potential for commercial applications in aquaculture-related industries. The successful commercial utilization of seaweeds relies heavily on obtaining high-quality seed material with commercially valuable traits. Methodology: This study focuses on employing a functional trait-based approach to develop superior strains of G. dura for commercial aquaculture in India. Cultivation through an open sea farm, variations in growth, agar yield, pigments, antioxidant capacity, and primary productivity among the strains were observed. Results: The daily growth rate ranged from 0.5 to 3.5% per day, while pigment content exhibited variations in the Chlorophyll-a, R-Phycocyanin, and R-Phycoerythrin contents. Antioxidant capacity and gross primary productivity also displayed diverse ranges. From a total of 38 strains of G. dura, three were selected based on their growth and other functional traits, namely ADI0221201, VER0220090, and ADI0221202. Positive correlations were identified between growth and regeneration, as well as growth and Chl-a. Agar content showed a positive association with antioxidant capacity and productivity. 1H NMR analysis identified 12 metabolites as potential biomarkers for G. dura growth. Interpretation: All three selected strains hold promise for future commercial cultivation of Gracilaria dura. Furthermore, six additional strains were selected based on their higher growth and agar yield for targeted breeding and hybridization to enhance desirable traits. Key words: Agarophyte, Aquaculture, Functional traits, Growth, Gracilaria dura, Strain selection

Performance Of Balitbangtan Native Chicken With Various Level of Leucaena leucocephala Leaf Flour in Feeds

Feed is the largest production input at the farm, include in native chiken farm. Ingredieent of feed devine in two part, there are as resource energy and resoursce protein. Protein source feed are relatively more expensive than energy source. Lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala) is a legume source of protein that can grow well in tropical and dry climates. The crude protein content of lamtoro leaf flour can reach above 20% so that it has the potential as a protein source feed ingredient for chicken livestock. This research was conducted to determine the level of proportion of lamtoro leaf meal in chicken feed, in this case the Balitbangtan superior native chicken (KUB) without affecting its performance. The combination of 4 treatments with different proportions of lamtoro leaf meal in the feed, namely P0 = 0%, P1 = 5%, P2 = 10% and P4 = 15%, with each treatment consisting of 3 groups containing 5 KUB chickens aged 4 weeks with initial body weight 247 – 255 g. Length of maintenance/research 8 weeks (up to 12 weeks of age). Parameters observed were feed consumption, final body weight, daily body weight growth, and feed conversion. The results showed that there was no significant difference between treatments (P&gt;0.05) both in the level of feed consumption, daily body weight gain, and feed conversion. It can be concluded that lamtoro leaf flour can be used up to a level of 15% in the grower phase of KUB chicken livestock rations.&#x0D;