Daily Growth Rate Research Articles

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FITOIMUN® KE DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) YANG DIPELIHARA DI TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY DESA SALO PALAI KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is a crab that has high potential and is cultivated in mangrove areas, so that many people keep mangrove crabs. However, there are still many obstacles, including slow growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of Fitoimun® mixed into crab feed to see survival, weight growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width, which were reared in silvofishery ponds in Salo Palai Village. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was Fitoimun® products containing Solanum ferox L and Boesenbergia pandurata, with a dose of 0 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg, 24 mL/kg. This study used mud crabs a weight of about 187-300 grams and a carapace width of about 95.0-110.5 mm. Feeding is given once every 2 days, in the morning at 07.00-08.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00-17.00. The feed given to crabs was measured as 5% of the crab's biomass weight. The results showed that the use of Fitoimun® products had no significant effect on survival, absolute weight growth, specific daily growth rate, carapace width, and feed conversion ratio, water quality during the study temperature 28.5°C, pH 7.5, DO 5.8 mg/L, salinity 13.8 mg/L pond. The relatively good Fitoimun® at a dose of 20 mL/kg mixed into mud crab (Scylla serrata) feed was able to increase growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width. Keywords: Ftoimun®, growth survival, mud crab.

Utilization of Fermentation Lemna as a Feed Source on the Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias Sp.)

This research aims to determine the nutritional content and the best treatment for the addition of Lemna sp. fermented for the growth of sangkuriang catfish. The research was conducted from February to August 2022, in Aquaculture Laboratory of the Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used in this research is experimental, and is of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It consists of four treatments and four repetitions, namely treatment A (control) treatment B (10% fermented lemna + 90% commercial feed), Treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed), and Treatment D (30% fermented lemna + 70% commercial feed). Parameters observed were changes in nutrient content of lemna, daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance and if there was a significant difference, Duncan test was performed with a 95% confidence level, while changes in nutrients in lemna and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the fermented lemna using BIOM-S probiotics experienced changes in the nutritional content, namely an increase in protein content from 25.24% to 33.66% and a decrease in crude fiber from 11.93 to 9.13%. Based on the results of this research, the treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed) the best results in a daily growth rate at 1.92%/day, a feed conversion ratio at 1.41, and a survival rate of up to 97.5%.

Spawning Phenology and Early Growth of Japanese Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off the Pacific Coast of Japan

The reproduction and early growth of fish are essential elements that affect recruitment and provide breakthrough points for understanding population fluctuations. In this study, larval and juvenile Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were collected from five coastal waters off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2020 and 2021 to gain more insight into life history traits such as reproduction and early growth of this species on the basis of otolith microstructure analysis. The spawning period appeared to be related to temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations, showing latitudinal gradient variation among fishing areas. We detected a significant positive allometric growth pattern between standard length and body weight. The Gompertz model best fits the growth of standard length, showing an initial stage of growth that was quick and accelerating. The mean daily growth rate for standard length was 0.64 ± 0.09 mm per day. A series of mixed-effect models was constructed to investigate the sources of differences in the mean growth rates among individuals. The results revealed regional variability in fish growth, with individuals in the central Pacific stock growing faster. Individuals that grew slower were heavier than those of the same length, indicating a trade-off between length growth and weight growth. The mean growth of individual fish was positively influenced by environmental factors (surface water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration), and individuals within the same school of fish displayed a striking homogeneity of growth. Our research demonstrates the significance of including both physiological characteristics and environmental influences in early growth studies on fish.

Effect of The Amino Acid Taurine on Some Growth Parameters of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine, an amino acid additive, on grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerlings (3.16 ± 0.14 gm) growth and feed utilization in glass aquaria for 70 days. Before beginning the feeding experiment, 120 fish were acclimatized for 10days in the laboratories of fisheries department and marine resources, Agriculture College, University of Basrah. Fish fed dietary taurine at levels of 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 3% (T4) were compared to fish fed a control diet with no taurine (0%, T1). The weight gain (WG) in the T1 was 16.95 g, which was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than the other treatments. T1 had a higher (P≤0.05) mean relative growth rate (RGR) (54.89± 5.66 %) than the other treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR) and daily growth rate (DGR) of T1 were 0.72 ± 0.06 % day -1, and 0.28 ±0.01 g, which was also higher (P≤0.05) than other treatments supported with different levels of taurine. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in the food conversion ratio (FCR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE) between T1 and the other treatments (T2, T3, and T4). It is clear from the current study that the T1 (0% taurine) better than the other treatments in growth and food utilization indicators. It is concluded from the current study that the addition of taurine (1, 2 and 3%) had inhibited the growth in grass carp fingerlings.

Responses of tomato fruit water balance and xylem hydraulic property of pedicel and calyx to water deficit and salinity stress

Moderate water scarcity and high soil salinization always limit fruit growth but largely promote fruit quality. Water is transported to the fruit via xylem and phloem and lost via transpiration, which is important for fruit growth and quality parameters. So far, few studies have quantified the relationship between fruit water balance and fruit growth and quality under water deficit and salinity stress (especially combined water deficit and salinity stress). In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown under full irrigation (CK), water deficit (WD), salinity stress (SS), and combined water deficit and salinity stress (WS). We measured fruit size and quality parameters, investigated fruit water balance using a subtraction method, evaluated xylem hydraulic resistance of pedicel and calyx applying a hydraulic head, and assessed the xylem functionality by fruit rehydration and dye-tracing experiments. Results showed that WD, SS, and WS decreased plant water status and leaf gas exchange and fruit growth, but increased fruit total soluble solids. These effects were more pronounced in WS than both WD and SS. The inhibition of fruit growth by three treatments was caused by the jointly reduced xylem and phloem flow. Although xylem hydraulic resistance of pedicel and calyx at 35 d after anthesis was not significantly affected under WD and SS, it greatly increased by 112% under WS, which coincided with a significant reduction of daily growth rate and xylem flow computed on a per fruit basis by 83% and 87% under WS. These results also suggested that the xylem tissues were still functional regardless of the applied stress and fruit growth period. Phloem flow computed on a per fruit basis was decreased under all treatments, resulting in a reduction in fruit dry matter quantity, partly due to the decreased photosynthates. Phloem flow and fruit transpiration computed on a per fruit fresh weight basis were not affected due to the synergistic reduction of flow and fruit size by all treatments. This study provides a new understanding on the water relations of plant-fruit system under water deficit and salinity stress.

VALUE ADDITION OF WHEAT STRAW WITH CORN STEEP LIQUOR AND ITS PERFORMANCE ON GROWTH RATE IN GROWING BUFFALO CALVES

The current study was undertaken to see the benefits of mixing /soaking of wheat straw with 20% corn steep liquor on palatability, growth and digestibility in buffalo calves. 18 buffalo calves having similar body weight with age of 16-18 months were distributed into two groups. Group – 1 (control) was fed on diet @ 3 percent dry matter on body weight containing 1.5% concentrate (Anmol wanda with CP 17.5% and ME 2.6 Mcal/Kg), 0.5% wheat straw and 1% fodder on dry matterbasis while group – II (test) was fed on 1% of concentrate, wheat straw and fodder of body weight basis for each. Group feeding was practiced @ 3 percent during the 90 days of experimentation along with 10 days adjustment period. Fresh and clean water was made accessible during the whole duration of study. Body weights were measured at fortnightly basis and growth performance was worked out. Mean values of total growth of animals were 82.7+ 2.4 vs 78.1 + 3.1Kg while daily growth rate were 0.92+ 0.027 vs 0.87 + 0.035 Kg for both groups. But statistically difference was non-significant. Statistically the difference among dry matter and crude protein digestibility were non-significant. Economically diet containing wheat straw mixed with 20% corn steep liquor had lower cost of production (18%). It was proved that 20% corn steep liquor can be mixed with wheat straw to improve its palatability, growth and digestibility without any adverse effect on health status.

Impact of varying amounts of Moringa oleifera seed powder in the diet on a few aspects of common carp growth L. Cyprinus carpio

The current study was conducted in experimental cages in a mud pond, First Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, to determine the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera seed powder on the diets of common carp. A total of 75 common carp fish with an average weight of 65.08±0.42 g were used; it was randomly distributed to 5 treatments with three replicates (5 fish for each replicate). The fish that were fed on experimental diets was divided into five equal therapies in terms of protein percentages, different in the proportions of adding Moringa seed powder; the rate of seeds added to the treatments was 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%, respectively, the fish were fed on the experimental diets at 5% of the live weight, divided into four meals a day. The results showed a significant superiority of T2 and T3 treatments compared with other therapies on growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific and relative), and give the best feed conversion ratio, the highest food conversion and protein efficiency ratio. Indicates that adding Moringa seed powder to diets at rates of 0.5 and 1% led to fish growth promotion and increased utilization of feed intake. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, growth parameters, common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Liver Venous Deprivation Versus Portal Vein Embolization Before Major Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Retrospective Comparison of Short- and Medium-Term Outcomes

BackgroundLiver venous deprivation (LVD) is a recent radiological technique performed to induce hypertrophy of the future liver remnant. Medium-term results of major hepatectomy after LVD have never been compared with the actual standard of care, portal vein embolization (PVE). MethodsWe retrospectively compared data from 33 consecutive patients who had undergone LVD (n = 17) or PVE (n = 16) prior to a right hemi-hepatectomy or right extended hepatectomy indicated for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) between May 2015 and December 2019. ResultsThe 1-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the LVD group were 81.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72–90) and 54.7% (95% CI: 46–63), respectively, against 85% (95% CI: 69–101) and 77.4% (95% CI: 54–100) in the PVE group; the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The median disease-free survival (DFS) rate was also comparable: 6 months (95% CI: 4–7) in the LVD group and 12 months (95% CI: 1.5–13) in the PVE group (p = 0.29). The overall intra-operative and post-operative complication rates were similar between the two groups. The mean daily kinetic growth rate (KGR) was found to be higher after LVD than after PVE (0.2% vs. 0.1%, p = 0.05; 10 cc/day vs. 4.8 cc/day, p = 0.03), as was the mean increase in future liver remnant volume (FLR-V) (49% vs. 27%, p = 0.01). ConclusionsThe LVD technique is well tolerated in patients undergoing right hemi-hepatectomy or right extended hepatectomy for CRLM. When compared with the PVE technique, the LVD technique has similar peri-operative and medium-term outcomes, but higher KGR and FLR-V increase.

OPTIMALISASI KUALITAS AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aims to determine the relationship between water quality parameters and the daily growth rate of tilapia. Research method A case study with a qualitative approach to water quality. The observation period is 30 days. The average fish size of tilapia was 10 g/fish as many as 50 individuals on a single observation. Aquarium size 50 x 30 x 30 cm, with a volume of 37.5 liters of water. The feed used is PF 1000 pellets (PT Matahari Sakti) with a frequency of 5% of the fish weight and a frequency of feeding 2 times per day (morning and evening). The results of the study showed that Morning Temperature ranged from 26.3 – 26.5oC with a difference of 0.02oC. Afternoon temperatures range from 28.3-28.5oC with a difference of 0.02oC. The temperature range in the morning and evening is 26.3 – 28.5. Fluctuations are 2.2 oC. Dissolved oxygen ranges from 4.75 - 5.14 mg/L. The pH of the water is in the range of 6.67 – 6.95 Ammonia 0.057 - 0.36 mg/L. The results of the overall correlation analysis show that the water quality parameters do not have a significant effect on the daily growth rate of tilapia so the water quality parameters are in a good range for the life and growth of tilapia

Effects of Blood Meal Inclusion Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Survival Rate of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in Concrete Pond

The inclusion of blood meal as a substitution for commercial fishmeal in the practical fish diets was evaluated in Clarias gariepinus juveniles (initial weight: 11.45±0.25g and initial length: 9.00±0.91cm) for a period of 39 weeks. The proximate analysis of blood meal had 50.04%, 4.95%, 0.98%, 3.05%, 16.51% and 19.00% representing value of crude protein, lipid, fibre, ash, moisture and nitrogen free extract, respectively. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) containing fishmeal which was replaced by blood meal at graded level of 0% as control, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were formulated. A total of 300 juveniles were used and randomly distributed into five treatments with each having triplicates of 20 fish per pond respectively. Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight in equal proportions at 8.00 am and 4.00 pm. At the end of the feeding trial, the results showed that growth performance were significant higher (p<0.05) in fish fed control diet (1263.55g) and 25% BM diet (1068.67 g), mean length gain (54.16 cm and 50.85 cm), protein efficiency ratio (31.59% and 24.22%) and percentage weight gain (11035.3% and 8476.03%) compared to other treatments diets with the lowest values of (675.35 g, 46.86 cm, 11.73% and 4190.63%, respectively) recorded in fish fed 100% BM diet. However, Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, average daily growth and survival rate were not significantly difference (p>0.05) in all the dietary treatments. The water quality parameters monitored were within recommended ranged and were not affected by the supplemented diets. It can be concluded that inclusion of blood meal up to 25% can efficiently replace fish meal without any deleterious effects on growth, feed utilization and survival rate. The use of blood meal as an alternative protein source in diets of farmed fish species will reduce the cost of feeds; boost the profitability and sustainability of the fish production.

Optimization of survival rate and growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in integrated rice-fish farming system with application of fentine acetate as molluscicide

Fentin acetate is used as a pesticide in rice fields to eradicate pests. Research with physiological factors approach is expected to increase the survival rate and growth performances of tilapia. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different concentrations of fentin acetate on the biological performance and hematological characteristics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The research used 16 rice fields with a 30 m2 each (6 x 5 m). The research design used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications: A. 0.00 g L−1, B. 0.375 g L−1, C. 0.75 g L−1 and D. 1.5 g L−1. The results showed that treatment C resulted in the best growth of tilapia. It was noted that absolute weight gain, daily growth rate and productivity were significantly different (P<0.05) with treatments A, B and D. The highest value in treatment C were 20.53 g (absolute weight gain), 5.43 (daily growth rate) and 501.58 g (productivity). The survival rate in treatments B and C were not significantly different (P>0.05) as well as treatments A and D. The concentration of molluscicide fentin acetate at a dose of 0.75 g/L affected the decrease in the hematological characteristics of tilapia.

Effect of adding Eruca sativa in common carp on growth criteria, feed utilization and chemical composition

To examine the effects of adding seeds powder and rocket Eruca sativa leaves to the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fish with percentages of 1, 2, and 3% of the total diet (the first, second, and third treatments), as well as the addition of rocket leaf powder to the fourth, fifth, and sixth diets, respectively, While the control diet, was empty of these additions (the seventh diet). Each treatment was replicated three times. These diets were used to feed common carp for 56 days. According to the statistical analysis's research results, the fish fed the fourth diet significantly superior surpassed the control diet and all other experimental diets in terms of growth criteria represented by the final weight, total weight gain, daily growth rate, relative, specific growth rate, and in terms of feed utilization: feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Except for the sixth treatment, the fed fish outperformed all other experimental treatments, and the second and fourth treatments regarding retained protein and protein production value. Fish were fed as the fifth treatment, significantly superior to the control diet. These results in the highest percentage of dry matter and crude protein for the edible portion of the body. Feeding fish on the fourth treatment resulted in the lowest proportion of ether extract, much lower than all the experimental diets.

The Use of Pineapple Extract to Remove Egg Adhesiveness in the Production of Asian Redtail Catfish Fry (Hemibagrus nemurus CV)

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that have high economic value and are popular with the public. To meet the consumption needs of the community, this fish farming business has started to be carried out, but the provision for the cultivation needs is still an obstacle that is always encountered. This is because of the high adhesion of the eggs in the hatching that is carried out so it will affect the fertilization and hatching values obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of pineapple extract with different doses on egg adhesion, fertilization, hatching, growth, and survival of Asian redtail catfish fry. This research was conducted from April to June 2022 at the Laboratory of Fish Hatchery and Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau University. The design used was a completely randomized design with a dose of pineapple extract consisting of a P0 dose of 0% (control treatment without soaking pineapple solution), P1 dose of 0.75% (immersion treatment with a dose of 0.75 ml pineapple solution/liter of water). P2 at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water) and P3 at a dose of 1.25% (immersion treatment with a dose of 25 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water). The results showed that the best treatment was obtained at P2 treatment at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml pineapple solution/liter of water) with a fertilization value of 89.50%, hatching value of 82.37%, egg adhesion value 26, 16%, absolute weight growth of 1.3151 g, absolute length growth of 4.74 cm, a daily weight growth rate of 13,8057 % and survival rate of 72%.

Diseminasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Bionik Untuk Perbaikan Performa Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut

Farming seaweed is a significant source of income since it helps coastal communities become more resilient. Due to the simple growing, harvesting, and drying methods, low degree of capital investment, and quick production cycle (1.5 months), seaweed cultivation in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province is dominated by cultivators from coastal villages. The present issue for farmers of seaweed is the unavailability of seeds, both in terms of quantity and quality. Simple actions such as community service projects (PKM) with a focus on fertilizing activities utilizing bionic fertilizers can be taken to encourage the growth of seaweed. The method used to achieve the target of this PKM program is participatory counseling, dissemination of research results, assistance in seaweed cultivation, and monitoring during seaweed cultivation. In November 2021, PKM operations are conducted in Tablolong Village's coastal region. Through the use of bionic seaweed fertilizer, the activity's aim is to earn the partner group's production rates. After participating in PKM activities, the "Blue Sea" partner group was able to produce Kappaphycus striatum by utilizing bionic fertilizers, where the analysis results showed that the daily growth rate was 3.38% day-1, absolute growth was 176 gr and production was 2,755.62 gr m-1.

Age, Growth and Population Structure Analyses of the Purpleback Flying Squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Northwest Indian Ocean by the Statolith Microstructure

A total of 1177 Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were randomly collected from the northwest Indian Ocean from February between May 2019 and 2020 by lighting falling-net vessels. The age, growth, and population structure of S. oualaniensis were studied based on the statolith microstructure. The results showed that the range of mantle length (ML) was 123–562 mm for females and 88–273 mm for males, and the range of body weight (BW) was 78–6268 g for females and 82–518 g for males in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The hatching date extended from May to December, with the 2019 samples mainly composed of the autumn population, while the 2020 samples were mostly composed of the summer population. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there were significant differences in the growth of ML–age and BW–age between sexes. In the growth model of the ML–age relationship, both females and males in 2019 were best described by s linear model, and 2020 was best described by a logarithmic model. The growth model of the BW–age relationship of females and males in 2019 was best described as linear and the growth model of the BW–age relationship of females and males in 2020 was described logarithmically and exponentially, respectively. The average absolute daily growth rate (AGR) and instantaneous growth rate (IGR) for ML of the 2019 samples were 0.85 mm/d and 0.40%/d, and the average AGR and IGR for ML of the 2020 samples were 0.65 mm/d and 0.18%, respectively. The growth of S. oualaniensis samples in 2019 was faster than that in 2020. This study provided basic information on the age, growth, and population of S. oualaniensis, which will supply a scientific basis for stock assessment and sustainable development.

Aplikasi Duckweed (Lemna sp) pada Pakan Benih Ikan Lele Mutiara (Clarias gariepinus)

Pearl Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a type of freshwater fish that is widely cultivated by many people because of its economic value. Pearl catfish is a new strain of African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 superior breeding results of the Sukamandi Fish Breeding Research Agency (BPPI) which has been declared passed in the Type / Variety Release Assessment on October 27, 2014, under the name MUTIARA (Peerless High Quality) catfish. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of duckweed on feed on the growth and survival of pearl catfish fry. The test fish is a pearl catfish measuring 7-10 cm long and weighing 6 gr that is kept in a sized aquarium (120 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm), as many as 9 aquariums, three aquariums as a control, three aquariums for treatment A, three aquariums for treatment B, with each treatment A(5% dry duckweed), treatment B (10% dry duckweed) and treatment K (control) without treatment. . The results showed that dry dukweed can be used as an addition to fish feed, of the three feeds that provide the best growth, namely in the B treatment (10% dry duckweed) has a daily growth rate (GR) of 0.41 g, Specific Growth Rate 2,57%, absolute weight 19 g, absolute length is 11.31 cm with a survival of 90%.

Evaluation of growth, primary productivity, nutritional composition, redox state, and antimicrobial activity of red seaweeds Gracilaria debilis and Gracilaria foliifera under pCO2-induced seawater acidification

The genus Gracilaria is an economically important group of seaweeds as several species are utilized for various products such as agar, used in medicines, human diets, and poultry feed. Hence, it is imperative to understand their response to predicted ocean acidification conditions. In the present work, we have evaluated the response of Gracilaria foliifera and Gracilaria debilis to carbon dioxide (pCO2) induced seawater acidification (pH 7.7) for two weeks in a controlled laboratory conditions. As a response variable, we have measured growth, productivity, redox state, primary and secondary metabolites, and mineral compositions. We found a general increase in the daily growth rate, primary productivity, and tissue chemical composition (such as pigments, soluble and insoluble sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids), but a decrease in the mineral contents under the acidified condition. Under acidification, there was a decrease in malondialdehyde. However, there were no significant changes in the total antioxidant capacity and a majority of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, except for an increase in tocopherols, ascorbate and glutathione-s-transferase in G. foliifera. These results indicate that elevated pCO2 will benefit the growth of the studied species. No sign of oxidative stress markers indicating the acclimatory response of these seaweeds towards lowered pH conditions. Besides, we also found increased antimicrobial activities of acidified samples against several of the tested food pathogens. Based on these observations, we suggest that Gracilaria spp. will be benefitted from the predicted future acidified ocean.

Ultra-early weaning alters growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota in piglets with same genetic background

Piglets with the same genetic background were used to investigate the effects of different lengths of suckling period on growth performance, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota. All piglets were born by a sow (Landrace×Yorkshire). On day 14 postpartum, a total of 16 piglets [Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)] with a similar initial body weight (2.48 ± 0.25 kg) were randomly assigned into two groups with four replicates per group, two pigs per replicate pen (one barrow and one gilt). On day 14 of age, experiment started, piglets from the first group were weaned (14W), whereas the others continued to receive milk until day 28 of age (28W). The experiment completed on day 70 of age, last 56 days. Growth performance parameters including body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate and hematology parameters including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin, globulin, and total protein were measured in this study. Additionally, a technique of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze fecal microbiota for revealing how the changes in the lengths of suckling period on intestinal microbiota. We found that ultra-early weaning impaired growth performance of piglets, whose worse body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate were observed in 14W group at all measured timepoints in comparison with those in 28W group (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher contents of serum IgA (P = 0.028), IgG (P = 0.041), and IgM (P = 0.047), as well as lower contents of serum albumin (P = 0.002), albumin-to-globulin ratio (P = 0.003), and total protein (P = 0.004), were observed in 14W group in comparison with those in 28W group on day 28 of age, but not on day 70 of age. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that the intestinal microbiota richness in 14W group was lower than that in 28W group (P < 0.05); moreover, in comparison with 28W group at all sampling timepoints, fecal microbiota in 14W group showed more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05). Therefore, we considered that ultra-early weaning had positive effects on immune status and fecal microbiota composition in piglets, but negative effects on growth performance and fecal microbiota abundance.

Opportunities for the development of seaweed farming as a supplementary income for small-scale fishermen in Nador lagoon: Experimental cultivations of Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse)

The development of seaweed farming in Nador lagoon (NE Morocco, Mediterranean Sea) offers the best hope for raising incomes in fishing communities. The feasibility of growing red seaweed, Gracilaria gracilis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in off-bottom and floating longline systems was investigated in Bouareg location. Several constraints such as epiphytism and wood borers arose in off-bottom cultures. The weight gains of G. gracilis in off-bottom cultures tested in winter, were low. The lowest daily growth rate (DGR) was recorded in sheet-lines (1.91 % day -1 , p < 0.01) while the highest’s RGR were observed in net-lines and ropes-lines (2.72 and 2.77 % day -1 respectively, p < 0.01). Plants of G. gracilis grew well in the floating longline culture tested at spring. The weight growth rates ranged between 2.54 and 4.26 % day -1 . The highest growth rate in Nador lagoon was observed in treatment stocked with 0.6 kg m -2 . The high stocking density (0.8 kg m -2 ) leaded to low growth most probably due to stress on the seaweed when competing for space and resources. Over a 60-day cycle, the harvest of G. gracilis cultivated on floating longline system in Nador lagoon was estimated at about 101 t FWT ha -1 year -1 . With 8:1 as wet to dry ratio, the production yield per cropping was estimated at 3,156 kg (DW) per ha. However, the total sales per year was estimated at about $ 6,564 per ha. The Gracilaria farming may provide supplementary income to artisanal farmers in Nador lagoon .

Kinerja Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Lele (Clarian gariepinus) Yang Diberi Prebiotik Ekstrak Umbi Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) dan Probiotik Lacticaseibacillus paracasei

This study aimed to evaluated the growth performance of dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In this study, ant nest tuber extract and probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei were mixed into feed with the coated method without the addition of ant nest tuber extract and probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (A), 1% ant nest tuber extract (B), probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 1% (C). and a combination of ant nest tuber extract and probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei each 1% (D). Fish with an initial body weight of 1.5 - 2 g were kept in 3 ponds (15x10x1.5) m3 with a total of 12 hapa nets measuring 1x1x1 (m3) (45 fish / hapa nets). Fish were fed treatment with three replications for 35 days. The best feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, daily growth rate and absolute weight growth were found in the African catfish fry group that consumed a combination of feed supplementation with 1% dose of ant nest tuber extract and 1% dose of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, each of 185.47%. , 0,55,7,79%, and 20,80 gr