Daily Food Research Articles

Ethnic community preferences in East Java Indonesia to types of food daily consumed (case study during the Covid-19 pandemic)

Abstract At the beginning of 2020, due to Covid-19, the world was facing a global health and socio-economic crisis. The same thing happened in Indonesia. Social restrictions impact many things, including education, health, access to essential services, and food availability. In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, access to food availability faces problems. On the other hand, it requires sufficient and nutritious consumption. This condition needs to be known about the level of public preference for the menu eaten during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in East Java, Indonesia. Consumer preference is a person’s choice of likes or dislikes for food to be consumed from various existing product choices. All information relating to consumer needs and desires can be identified by examining consumer preferences. This is very important not only for households but also for culinary businesses in the country in responding to the increased demand for food produced, especially for daily food menus, to produce food products that meet consumer requirements and necessities. This study aims to determine the ethnic preferences of East Java, Indonesia, for the type of daily food during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in 2020 in East Java, Indonesia, when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred using an online survey method using a questionnaire filled out by respondents, as many as 400 respondents. Respondents were grouped by ethnicity in East Java, Indonesia. It appears that the preference of the people of East Java for the consumption of the staple food rice, the Javanese is 71%, the Mataraman is 86%, the Osing ethnic is 84%, and the Pendalungan is 59%. The preference for side dishes fried by the Mataraman ethnic is 22%, Osing is 20%, Pendalungan is 15%, and Javanese is 10%. As for the side dishes, stir-fried, steamed, grilled, gravy, and coconut milk, the Osing ethnic is 24%, Pendalungan and Mataraman are 18% each, Javanese is 17%, and Madura is 11%. The preferences of the vegetable menu are very diverse among various ethnicities in East Java. Vegetables combined with processed raw and cooked show the highest Osing ethnic 44%, Mataraman 39%, Pendalungan 34%, Madurese 31%, and Javanese ethnic 25%. Vegetables with cooked preparations have the highest Pendalungan rate of 40%, Osing 36%, Madurese 31%, Javanese 27% and Mataraman 23%. Vegetables with transparent processing and saute ed are the highest for the Mataraman and Madurese ethnicities, respectively, 38%, Javanese 29%, Pendalungan 26%, and Osing 20%. This study concluded that during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java, Indonesia, preferences for the consumption of food menus varied and were influenced by ethnicity.

Low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy and child asthma and eczema: follow-up of the ROLO trial

Atopic diseases, including asthma and eczema, represent a substantial public health problem in children and adolescents globally; asthma is the commonest chronic disorder of childhood(1). Research suggests that the origins of childhood asthma lie in utero, and several components of the maternal diet during pregnancy have been investigated in relation to atopic outcomes in children. Epidemiological evidence suggests that a higher intake of sugar during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of childhood asthma and atopy(2,3). However, randomised trial evidence supporting such a link is lacking.Aims 1.To examine whether a low glycaemic index (GI) dietary intervention during pregnancy decreases the risk of asthma and eczema in childhood.2.To assess observationally whether maternal intake of sugar during pregnancy is positively associated with asthma and eczema in childhood.This is a secondary analysis of children from the ROLO trial. Healthy women were randomised to receive an intervention of low GI dietary advice or routine antenatal care from early pregnancy. All women completed a 3-day food diary in each trimester of pregnancy. Estimates of maternal intake of sugar in each trimester were averaged to provide mean intakes during pregnancy. Mothers reported current doctor-diagnosed eczema in their children at 2-years of age (n=271), and current doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema in their children at 5 (n=357) and 9-11 years (n=391) of age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used a) to test the effect of the intervention on child outcomes overall, and stratified by maternal education level (with, versus without, a complete tertiary level education), and b), in observational analyses, to analyse the relation between sugar and carbohydrate intake in pregnancy and child outcomes.There was weak evidence overall for a reduction in asthma at 5-years of age in children whose mothers received the low GI dietary intervention during pregnancy compared to usual care [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.43 (95% CI 0.18, 1.03); P=0.06]. However, in stratified analyses the intervention was associated with a marked reduction in risk of asthma at 5-years of age in children born to mothers with lower educational attainment [adjusted OR 0.16 (0.03, 0.85); P=0.032]. Intake of sugar during pregnancy was positively associated with the development of asthma at any time point in childhood [adjusted OR per quartile of mean sugar intake 1.40 (0.99, 1.97), P-trend=0.048] and at 5-years of age [adjusted OR per quartile 1.55 (1.00, 2.40), P-trend=0.046]. No associations with eczema outcomes were found.This novel study provides stronger evidence that higher sugar intake during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma among offspring. An intervention to reduce sugar intake in pregnancy may have potential as a primary prevention strategy, particularly amongst children born to mothers with lower educational attainment.

Food for future: The impact of menu design on vegetarian food choice and menu satisfaction in a hypothetical hospital setting

Daily food choices do not only affect our health but also the environment in important ways. Food choice architecture can help to nudge people towards more healthy and sustainable food options. The current research explores the influence of menu design strategies on food choices and satisfaction in a hypothetical hospital setting. Specifically, we systematically tested the effect of vegetarian option availability, menu category framing, and health recommendation inclusion on hypothetical food choice and satisfaction, conducting two large online studies representative of the German adult population that consumes meat at least once a week (Study 1: N = 991; Study 2: N = 989). Both studies were based on a menu from a German university hospital. Results revealed that increasing the availability of vegetarian options increased vegetarian food choices. Neutral menu descriptions had no impact, whereas health recommendations that were presented in form of a visual appeal slightly increased vegetarian dish choices. Importantly, the research also considered menu satisfaction, revealing no main effects of availability, framing and health recommendation. Only when a health recommendation was added to a menu with high availability of vegetarian options, satisfaction was decreased. The findings suggest that menu design elements could modestly influence food choices and satisfaction among meat-eaters in healthcare settings, warranting further investigation with hospital patients.

A Brief Parent Training Program Using Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques for Pediatric Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Pilot Study

Eating disorder (ED) treatment is notoriously inaccessible due to geographic, financial, and/or time barriers. The current study proposes a novel treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to increase access to care for this novel ED. ARFID Parent Training Program (ARFID-PTP) is a two-session, virtual treatment utilizing evidence-based components for pediatric ARFID. Participants (n = 7) ages 5–12 and their parents completed an intake session, two sessions of treatment, end-of-treatment measures, and 4-week follow-up measures. Acceptability was assessed via the CEQ-C and satisfaction questions provided at end-of-treatment. Feasibility was assessed via recruitment and retention rates, treatment adherence, and need for a booster session (e.g., problem-solving session) at 4-week follow-up. Overall, ARFID-PTP was considered an acceptable treatment approach; however, markers of feasibility, such as treatment nonadherence (low completion of daily food exposures), indicate further testing should implement modifications to treatment. We propose modifications to address feasibility concerns with the goal of continuing to assess ARFID-PTP in a randomized controlled trial.

Sosialisasi Aplikasi “Saga Sehat” pada Kader Posyandu di Tanjung Kamuning Kabupaten Garut

The nutritional status of children under the age of five is an important indicator of health, as young children are a vulnerable group to nutritional health. The growth process is very rapid, namely physical growth and psychomotor, mental and social development, so it is necessary to obtain nutrition from daily food in proper quantities and good quality. The village of Tanjung Kamuning is one of the villages that are in Tarogong Community Health Center work area in Garut district. The unrecorded problems in the village are the results of a structured weighing of the newspapers carried out by the posyandu (integrated service post) cadres that were used as reporting material for the puskesmas. Innovation tool that serves as a monitoring media and a system that acts as a container for storing and managing news data connected to the Internet for ease of access is the application "Saga Sehat." The purpose of public dedication is to improve the knowledge of caders related to the use of the application “Saga Sehat” related to growth monitoring efforts in news. Implementation methods are designation and practice of use of application “Saga Sehat.”. Activities are carried out on caders. Caders played a very active role in this activity

The relationship between body image perception and eating pattern

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Perception of body image and eating patterns in adolescents are two very important aspects of their health in their development. Body image reflects an individual's view of their physical appearance, while eating patterns refer to daily food consumption habits that can affect overall health. Adolescents, especially female students in high school (SMA), often experience pressure to meet beauty standards set by social media, peers, and other factors. Eating patterns are the most important behavior that can affect nutritional status. This is because the quantity and quality of food and beverages consumed will affect nutrient intake, thereby affecting individual and community health.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between body image perception and eating patterns among female students of Kesuma Bangsa Londut High School (SMAS).</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was done using a Body Image questionnaire based on the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) theory and a Food Frequency Questionnaire for eating patterns.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The statistical test results showed that the obtained p-value was 0.001 <0.05, indicating that H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected, meaning there is a relationship between body image and eating patterns among female students at SMAS Kesuma Bangsa Londut.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> The majority of teenage girls at SMAS Kesuma Bangsa Londut are 16 years old with negative body image, manifested in the desire to have an ideal body, while eating patterns tend to be poor with certain food consumption more than once a day such as chicken meatballs. A significant relationship was found between body image and eating patterns, where teenage girls with negative body image tend to have poor eating patterns and vice versa.</em></p>

NATIONAL CUISINE IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE

Food is one of the most necessary conditions for our existence. Since childhood, a person gets used to certain products, dishes from them, forms his own tastes, prepares his favorite dishes, which must contain properly balanced proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and the necessary vitamin complex. Ukrainian cuisine has a certain set of relevant ingredients that contribute to our healthy existence. And the transition to a different set of products requires a certain adjustment, getting used to, adjustment., the climate of the location. Each people, each nation has its own usual, daily food set, related to the history and culture of the population. The Ukrainian nation, which for centuries was under the oppression of various states, absorbed into its culture and food preferences elements of the life and existence of other peoples, which remained in the culinary tastes of certain territorial and local communities. National tastes were formed on the basis of regional, local dishes, which became part of the everyday life of Ukrainians and expressed the special skill of cooking in one or another territory of Ukraine. Many foreigners come to Ukraine every year for various purposes: tourist trips, study, work, temporary stay, and by learning the language of our region, they get to know its culture, lifestyle, and food. Working with foreign students, we introduce them to Ukrainian dishes and drinks, talk about everyday and national food holidays, conduct dialogues with them, comparing the common and distinctive features of national cuisines. Recipes of Ukrainian culinary dishes can be found in cookbooks published at different times, starting from the beginning of the 20th century. and to this day, both in Ukraine and abroad, and in our time republished by culinary enthusiasts. Acquaintance with such publications, a brief description of books with recipes for cooking national food is carried out in this publication. 93 editions were developed. Key words: Ukrainian language as a foreign language, linguistic and regional studies, publication of books on Ukrainian national cuisine, their authors, chronology and location of publications, special vocabulary by origin.

Low energy intake and nutritional maladaptation in terminal stage IV periodontitis.

Impairment of masticatory function in elderly patients with terminal dentition due to stage IV periodontitis (TDS4P) may lead to lower nutritional intake. The study aimed to report the dietary intake and nutrition status of elderly patients with TDS4P and compare them with those of the elderly Chinese population and the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Fifty-one consecutive subjects (≥55 years old) with TDS4P were enrolled. Average dietary intake was evaluated based on a 3-day 24-h dietary recall (24HR) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The daily intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, dietary energy as well as macro and micronutrients were calculated and compared with matched national data and the Chinese DRIs. Nutritional status was assessed by Short-Form Mini-Nutritional assessment. Of the subjects, 19.6% (95% CI: 7.2%-28.1%) were at risk of malnutrition. The mean daily energy intake was 1517.4 kcal (95% CI: 1400.5-1634.3) for males and 1110.7 kcal (95% CI: 1001.5-1219.9) for females, which were very low compared with both the national data and the DRIs. Females derived a higher percentage of energy from fat. The mean daily intake of vegetables was 151.4 g (95% CI: 128.1-174.8) by FFQ and 130.9 g (95% CI: 104.6-157.3) by 24HR. Both results were significantly lower than the national reports (95% CI: 310.3-340.1) and the DRIs (300-450 g). Insufficient micronutrient intake, especially vitamins A, C and E, was also found. Elderly subjects with TDS4P had a lower daily energy intake, vegetable and fruit consumption and essential macro and micronutrient intake. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of periodontitis and tooth loss/replacement on nutrition and healthy ageing.

Gut microbiome and symptoms in females with irritable bowel syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a disorder of gut-brain interaction, is associated with abdominal pain and stool frequency/character alterations that are linked to changes in microbiome composition. We tested whether taxa differentially abundant between females with IBS vs healthy control females (HC) are associated with daily gastrointestinal and psychological symptom severity. Participants (age 18-50 year) completed a 3-day food record and collected a stool sample during the follicular phase. They also completed a 28-day diary rating symptom intensity; analysis focused on the three days after the stool sample collection. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for bacterial identification. Taxon abundance was compared between IBS and HC using zero-inflated quantile analysis (ZINQ). We found that females with IBS (n= 67) had greater Bacteroides abundance (q= 0.003) and lower odds of Bifidobacterium presence (q= 0.036) compared to HC (n= 46) after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, fibre intake, and hormonal contraception use. Intestimonas, Oscillibacter, and Phascolarctobacterium were more often present and Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Collinsella, Coprococcus 2, Moryella, Prevotella 9, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 were less commonly present in IBS compared to HC. Despite multiple taxon differences in IBS vs HC, we found no significant associations between taxon presence or abundance and average daily symptom severity within the IBS group. This may indicate the need to account for interactions between microbiome, dietary intake, metabolites, and host factors.

Effect of addition of γ-poly glutamic acid on bacterial nanocellulose production under agitated culture conditions.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a natural polymer material, gained significant popularity among researchers and industry. It has great potential in areas, such as textile manufacturing, fiber-based paper, and packaging products, food industry, biomedical materials, and advanced functional bionanocomposites. The main current fermentation methods for BNC involved static culture, as the agitated culture methods had lower raw material conversion rates and resulted in non-uniform product formation. Currently, studies have shown that the production of BNC can be enhanced by incorporating specific additives into the culture medium. These additives included organic acids or polysaccharides. γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), known for its high polymerization, excellent biodegradability, and environmental friendliness, has found extensive application in various industries including daily chemicals, medicine, food, and agriculture. In this particular study, 0.15g/L of γ-PGA was incorporated as a medium additive to cultivate BNC under agitated culture conditions of 120rpm and 30℃. The BNC production increased remarkably by 209% in the medium with 0.15g/L γ-PGA and initial pH of 5.0 compared to that in the standard medium, and BNC production increased by 7.3% in the medium with 0.06g/L γ-PGA. The addition of γ-PGA as a medium additive resulted in significant improvements in BNC production. Similarly, at initial pH levels of 4.0 and 6.0, the BNC production also increased by 39.3% and 102.3%, respectively. To assess the characteristics of the BNC products, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used. The average diameter of BNC fibers, which was prepared from the medium adding 0.15g/L γ-PGA, was twice thicker than that of BNC fibers prepared from the control culture medium. That might be because that polyglutamic acid relieved the BNC synthesis from the shear stress from the agitation. This experiment held great significance as it explored the use of a novel medium additive, γ-PGA, to improve the production and the glucose conversion rate in BNC fermentation. And the BNC fibers became thicker, with better thermal stability, higher crystallinity, and higher degree of polymerization (DPv). These findings lay a solid foundation for future large-scale fermentation production of BNC using bioreactors.

Evaluation of the relationship between dietary energy and protein intakes and anthropometric measurements in hemodialysis patients.

This study evaluated the relationship between dietary energy, and protein (animal and plant based) intakes and anthropometric measurements in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Individuals between the ages of 19 to 65 who received MHD treatment for more than 3 months from October 2021 to February 2022 in the state hospitals were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated for each patient, and anthropometric measurements including upper middle arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness (TST) and hand grip strength (HGS) were carried out. 3-day food records and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) were used to assess nutritional status of the patients. Of the 51 MHD patients included in the study, 33 (64.7%) were male and 18 (35.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 50.37 ± 11.55 years, and length of time on MHD was 39.49 ± 51.68 months. The mean energy intake of female and male MHD patients was 20.01 ± 6.94 and 17.26 ± 6.24 kcal/kg/d, respectively. The mean dietary protein intake of female and male MHD patients were 0.84 ± 0.35 and 0.78 ± 0.30 g/kg/d, respectively. Dry weight (P = .048), BMI (P = .020), TST (P = .013), and HGS (P = .026) of well-nourished and moderately malnourished female MHD patients according to SGA results were found to be lower than in male patients. While the majority of the patients receiving MHD treatment appeared to be well-nourished according to the SGA results, energy and protein intakes obtained from the food records were below the recommended daily dietary intake. These evaluations affected the anthropometric measurements including HGS, BMI, and TST. Therefore, there is a need for more comprehensive clinical studies in which anthropometric measurements, food consumption, biochemical findings and nutritional screening tools are used all together to evaluate nutritional status in MHD patients.

#2560 Intradialytic serum phosphate variations are associated with low PTH levels

Abstract Background and Aims Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the most common complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of SHPT progressively increases with the severity of CKD, affecting approximately 50-70% of patients on hemodialysis (HD). SHPT significantly impacts morbidity, mortality, hospitalization risks, healthcare costs, and the quality of life of CKD patients, making its management of paramount importance in this population. A positive serum phosphorus (P) balance is one of the critical determinants of SHPT, and the management of P levels in HD patients revolves around nutritional therapy, medications, and optimal kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Numerous studies have explored the role of KRT in P control among prevalent HD patients. However, whether the reduction of P achieved during KRT affects parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is still a matter of debate. Currently, a direct evaluation of the relationship between intra-HD P reduction and PTH levels is lacking. Method We conducted a retrospective observational study on the prevalent HD population at the Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Verona, from January to December 2022. We Included clinically stable adult patients undergoing HD for over 6 months, with multiple recorded visits during the follow-up. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data were collected. Time-varying variables were updated at each study visit. Food intake was assessed through a 3-day food record (HD day, non-HD day, and weekend day). Patients were instructed to maintain their usual ideally low-phosphate diet and to meticulously record and weigh all foods and preparations consumed. This assessment was conducted every 4 months during the observation period. From the 3-day food records, the dietary phosphorus intake was calculated using a national database and reported as mg of P per day. A dietitian evaluated dietary questionnaires. The primary outcome of interest was PTH levels. The absolute intra-HD change in P (intra-HD ∆P), defined as the difference between pre- and post-HD P levels, served as the main exposure. Multivariable adjusted linear mixed models were used to investigate the relationship between intra-HD ∆P and PTH levels. Potential confounders were included in the following three models of hierarchical adjustment: (i) Model 1, unadjusted; (ii) Model 2, adjusted for age and sex; (iii) Model 3, adjusted for all covariates in Model 2 plus URR, HD modality, active vitamin D, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, comorbidities. Since the relationship between intra-HD ∆P and PTH is influenced by the pre-HD P, all models were adjusted for pre-HD P. The association between PTH and intra-HD ∆P was also assessed in a subgroup of patients who provided a valid dietary diary. A multivariable linear mixed model adjusted for all covariates in Model 3 plus dietary phosphorus intake was used to assess this association. Results A total of 211 patients contributed to 904 study visits. A significant and positive relationship was observed between intra-HD ∆P and pre-HD P (β = 0.76, 95% CI 0.75, 0.78, p < 0.001) and urea reduction ratio (β = 0.38, 95% CI 0.35, 0.41; p < 0.001) (Figure). An increase in intra-HD ∆P was significantly and independently associated with low PTH levels (β = −0.17, 95% CI −0.30, −0.03; p = 0.016; Table). Overall, 86 out of 211 patients provided valid dietary data. The relationship between intra-HD ∆P and PTH levels was confirmed after additional adjustment for dietary P intake (p = 0.041). Conclusion The extent of intra-HD P reduction significantly correlates with low PTH levels. Strategies focused on optimizing or enhancing depurative efficiency in KRT can exert a substantial impact on managing positive phosphorus balance and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). The assessment of intra-HD P reduction may play a pivotal role in the management and follow-up of SHPT in HD patients.

#2420 A comparative analysis of food intake according to the degree of dietary compliance among Korean hemodialysis patients

Abstract Background and Aims Food intake management plays a crucial role in the treatment of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Maintaining a balanced diet involves adequate protein intake, sufficient calorie consumption, and restriction of water, sodium, and potassium intake. This study aims to highlight the significance of balanced dietary management by comparing and analyzing differences in food intake patterns among Korean HD patients based on the levels of dietary adherence. Throughout our analysis, we suggest the importance of balanced food intake management for HD patients. Method The data were collected through a survey conducted among 442 HD patients across 18 university hospitals nationwide. The survey employed the dietary adherence and the food intake frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The analysis method was K-means cluster analysis to classify the degree of dietary adherence into high-adherence and low-adherence. In addition, cross-analysis and independent samples t-test were utilized to compare differences between the groups in demographic characteristics, general health and nutritional status, laboratory data, and food intake frequency. Results Gender distribution revealed 257 males (59.4%) and 176 females (40.6%). The age distribution was as follows: 50-64 years old, 179 individuals (40.8%); 30-49 years old, 97 individuals (22.1%); 65–74 years old, 97 individuals (22.1%); 75 years and above, 52 individuals (11.8%). BMI determination resulted in the following order: underweight - normal in 207 people (48.8%); obese - severely obese in 123 people (29.0%); and overweight in 94 people (22.2%). Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) indicated that 296 individuals (73.3%) were in good nutritional status, while 108 individuals (26.7%) were in fair nutritional status. The duration of HD was distributed as follows: 135 patients (32.1%) for 1–3 years, 103 patients (24.5%) for 5–10 years, 82 patients (19.5%) for 3–5 years, and 66 patients (15.7%) for 10 years or longer. The subjects were clustered into two groups based on their dietary compliance: high adherence and low adherence. The dietary compliance scores, on a scale of 22 points, were 13.63 ± 1.475 for the high adherence group and 9.15 ± 1.681 for the low adherence group. In the high adherence group, uric acid (p < 0.01), serum creatinine (p < 0.01), intact PTH (p < 0.01), TIBC (p < 0.05), and glucose (p < 0.05) were significantly lower than those parameters in the low adherence group. The frequency of daily food intake was also analyzed according to the dietary adherence. The high adherence group showed significantly higher frequencies in rice(p < 0.001), white fish(p < 0.05), low-potassium vegetables(p < 0.01), mushrooms(p < 0.01), low-fat milk(p < 0.01), liquid yogurt(p < 0.05) compared to the low adherence group. On the other hand, the high adherence group showed lower consumptions of foods, such as gimbap, bibimbap (p < 0.05), noodle soup(p < 0.01), bread(p < 0.05), fruit juice(p < 0.05), and tea(p < 0.01). Conclusion The high-adherence group exhibited significantly satisfactory blood parameters and food intake status, highlighting the pivotal role of dietary compliance. Consequently, adhering to dietary guidelines is essential for ensuring sufficient nutrient intake and overall health among HD patients.

The effect of breathing exercises on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThis research was conducted as a randomized controlled study to examine the effect of breathing exercises on managing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MethodsA randomized controlled trial design was used, including an intervention group doing breathing exercises and a control group receiving standard care for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The sample was selected from patients hospitalized in the bone marrow transplantation unit. A total of 70 autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (35 intervention and 35 control participants).Several variables were evaluated, including the frequence and degree of nausea and vomiting, the patient's nutritional status, and the need for antiemetics. Data were analyzed and interpreted using Mann Whitney U, Pearson chi-square test, Independent t-test, Mann Whitney U, and multiple linear regression. ResultsIt was found that there was a negative relationship between the number of breathing exercises, the number of nausea and vomiting and the severity of nausea. As the number of breathing exercises increased, the number nausea and vomiting, and severity of nausea decreased significantly (p < 0.05). It was found that the use of antiemetics decreased in the intervention group. Furthermore, it was found that the intervention group had higher daily food consumption on the 3rd, 7th, and 9th days (p < 0.05). ConclusionBreathing exercises were a practical approach to managing chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting.

Low-Protein Diet in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4 and 5 in Conservative Management: Focus on Sarcopenia Development.

Chronic kidney disease is a degenerative and increasingly prevalent condition that includes metabolic abnormalities and is associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia. The conservative approach points primarily to controlling metabolic issues and reducing the risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, slowing the progression of kidney disease. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of a low-protein diet on malnutrition and sarcopenia. A total of 45 patients (33 male and 12 female) aged over 70 with chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 in conservative management were considered. All patients had a dietary assessment and prescription of personalized low-protein dietary plans (≤0.6 g protein/kg) and a follow-up control between 4 and 6 months. In preliminary and follow-up evaluations, anthropometric data, blood examinations, body composition results, muscle strength, physical performance, and a 3-day food diary were collected. In the follow-up period, a significant weight loss (p = 0.001) and a decrease in body mass index (p = 0.002) were recorded. Food diaries revealed a significant reduction in protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake (p < 0.001), with a significant reduction in urea (p < 0.001) and proteinuria (p = 0.01) without any impact on lean mass (p = 0.66). Considerable variations in adherence between food diaries and the prescribed diet were also noted. Providing a personalized low-protein diet led to significant benefits in a short period without worsening the patient's nutritional status.

Dominant Somatotype Development in Relation to Body Composition and Dietary Macronutrient Intake among High-Performance Athletes in Water, Cycling and Combat Sports

Relevant properties of the somatotype as important indicators can be associated with the body composition characteristics as well as both metabolic and bio-mechanical efficiency of athletes in the sport concerned. The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to determine the somatotype profiles in association with body composition and nutritional profiles among Lithuanian elite athletes (n = 189) involved in water, cycling and combat sports. The body composition along with the somatotype profiles and the nutritional status of athletes were evaluated using a battery of multiple frequency (5, 50, 250, 550, and 1000 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and a 3-day food record analysis. In terms of the prediction for athletes to be classified as endomorphs, mesomorphs or ectomorphs, the linear discriminant analysis was conducted to assess the grouping of samples. Both the multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The central tendency values for the somatotype components of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in athletes playing water, cycling and combat sports were 4.3–4.9–3.4, 4.3–4.8–3.4 and 4.5–5.5–2.9, respectively. The central mesomorph somatotype with a trend towards endomorphy was dominant and varied according to a high muscle-to-fat ratio in elite athletes. Significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive associations between both endomorphy and mesomorphy values and higher body fat percentage as well as lower and upper limb muscle mass were identified. The lower levels of trunk muscle mass were related to athletes’ endomorphy and mesomorphy, too. Furthermore, in the athletes’ sample under analysis, high-level mesomorphs were prone to consume low-carbohydrate (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 0.9) and high-protein diets (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1; 5.5). Contrastingly, the elite athletes with a higher expression of endomorphy were on high-carbohydrate (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3) and high-fat diets (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5; 7.1) along with insufficient protein diet (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1; 0.9). Finally, whilst nutrition goals as a mediator can play a significant role in undergoing the maintenance of balance between the optimal body composition for athletic performance and the development of an ecto-mesomorphic somatotype, the elite athletes with higher levels of endomorphy value should be aware of lowering the body fat percentage coupled with dietary fat reduction and higher protein intakes. The findings obtained from the study may serve as an antecedent for a more targeted management of the elite athletes’ training process. Somatotyping as an additional assessment method can be successfully deployed in choosing correct coaching techniques, contributing to talent recognition processes or identifying reference morphometric parameters in elite athletes competing in water, cycling and combat sports.

한국 청소년의 아침 식사 유형에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태 및 아침식사의 질 평가

Objectives This study is to evaluate the quality of breakfast and compare the nutritional intake by breakfast type of Korean adolescents. Methods This study analyzed data from 3,779 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 2016 to 2019. Breakfast was classified as ‘rice’, ‘bread’, ‘noodles’, ‘cereal’, and ‘others’ based on the main food consumed. Differences in general characteristics by breakfast type were ana-lyzed, and nutrient intake and nutrient intake ratio relative to daily nutrient intake standards were used for the analysis. Additionally, the study derived the contribution rate and nutrient density of daily nutrient intake from breakfast. Results Regarding the type of breakfast consumed by adolescents, rice ranked first at about 45%, followed by bread, cereal, and noodles. The breakfast skipping rate was higher among female adolescents at 43.03% com-pared to males at 35.57%. Rice and bread tended to account for most of the energy and protein intake, and cereals accounted for the highest daily intake of vitamins and minerals. The contribution rate of breakfast to daily energy intake was about 23-24% for rice and noodles, about 18% for bread, and about 14% for cereal. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that rice is an excellent breakfast diet for Korean adolescents. However, the high rate of breakfast skipping among adolescents suggests the need for efficient and continuous nutritional education about regular breakfast.

Cultivating change in food consumption practices: The reception of the social representation of alternative proteins by consumers

This article is concerned with the dynamics of change in protein consumption practices from the perspective of the consumer. It is based on a model, informed by social representation theory, that aims to understand the role played by various types of representation of alternative proteins in the process of changing food consumption practices. It discusses the reception, by consumers, of the representations associated with alternative proteins on Instagram. Methodologically, three focus groups were organized with different consumer segments (omnivorous, flexitarian and vegetarian and vegan consumers), as well as seven individual interviews. Participants were submitted to the social representations of alternative proteins, and visual stimuli from social media were mobilized for this purpose. Results show that the publications which boast the environmental, animal welfare or health attributes of alternative proteins generally contribute to the cultivation of new elements of practices. While this kind of publications is essential to help consumers question their established practices linked to meat and dairy consumption, they can also generate a critical reception that is not conducive to change, making them a double-edge sword. Publications that relate to the representations involved in daily food consumption proteins (e.g. that alternative proteins are versatile and crowd-pleasing) emerge as being safer in terms of reception, although as standalone they may not be able to achieve a deep level of change in food consumption practices. The results of this study show the importance of deploying a diverse communication strategy about alternative proteins that appeal to a variety of consumer segments.

Bioavailability of Lutein from Marigold Flowers (Free vs. Ester Forms): A Randomised Cross-Over Study to Assess Serum Response and Visual Contrast Threshold in Adults.

Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zeax) are found in the blood and are deposited in the retina (macular pigment). Both are found in the diet in free form and esterified with fatty acids. A high intake and/or status is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, especially eye diseases. There is a large global demand for Lut in the dietary supplement market, with marigold flowers being the main source, mainly as lutein esters. As the bioavailability of Lut from free or ester forms is controversial, our aim was to assess the bioavailability of Lut (free vs. ester) and visual contrast threshold (CT). Twenty-four healthy subjects (twelve women, twelve men), aged 20-35 and 50-65 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to consume 6 mg lutein/day from marigold extract (free vs. ester) for two months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 15, 40, and 60 days in each period. Serum Lut and Zeax were analysed using HPLC, and dietary intake was determined with a 7-day food record at the beginning of each period. CT, with and without glare, was at 0 and 60 days at three levels of visual angle. Lut + Zeax intake at baseline was 1.9 mg/day, and serum lutein was 0.36 µmol/L. Serum lutein increased 2.4-fold on day 15 (up to 0.81 and 0.90 µmol/L with free and ester lutein, respectively) and was maintained until the end of the study. Serum Zeax increased 1.7-fold. There were no differences in serum Lut responses to free or ester lutein at any time point. CT responses to lutein supplementation (free vs. ester) were not different at any time point. CT correlated with Lut under glare conditions, and better correlations were obtained at low frequencies in the whole group due to the older group. The highest correlations occurred between CT at high frequency and with glare with serum Lut and Lut + Zeax. Only in the older group were inverse correlations found at baseline at a high frequency with L + Z and with Lut/cholesterol and at a low frequency with Lut/cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with Lut for 15 days significantly increases serum Lut in normolipemic adults to levels associated with a reduced risk of age-related eye disease regardless of the chemical form of lutein supplied. Longer supplementation, up to two months, does not significantly alter the concentration achieved but may contribute to an increase in macular pigment (a long-term marker of lutein status) and thus improve the effect on visual outcomes.

Analysis of actual nutrition of schoolchildren at different age periods

Introduction. A healthy, balanced diet can provide the child with nutritional protection from adverse environmental factors and helps to prevent diseases. Lack of continuity in nutrition at school and at home creates a deficit in the diet supply of nutrients necessary for a growing body. The purpose of the investigation is to study the actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren at different age periods (in the dynamics of 10 years). Materials and methods. Actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren in the dynamics over 2009 and 2019. The sample consisted of one hundred fifty 7-years children and the same children aged 17 years (124 children). Actual nutrition was studied using menu-layouts (at school) and the method of 24-hour (daily) nutrition reproduction (at home). Results. With age, there is a more pronounced imbalance in the supply of basic nutrients in the diet, associated with excess consumption of fats (7–25%), lack of carbohydrates, deficiency of dietary fibers (15–20%), a number of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron) and vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, PP). Average daily food rations are unbalanced. The structure of children’s food sets becomes more irrational with increasing age. Regardless of the period of the study, diets are deficient in the level of consumption of milk, fish, vegetables, and fruits, and excessive in the level of consumption of foods with high energy value. In dynamics, the percentage of children with the recommended level of consumption of poultry is decreasing by 4.3 times, fish – by 3.8 times, milk – by 3 times, fermented milk products – by 2.6 times, cottage cheese and sour cream – by 2 times, butter and vegetable – 15.4 and 6.8 times, respectively. Limitations. This study is limited to a sample of a group of schoolchildren studying from the 1st to the 11th grade (in the dynamics with a ten-year interval). Conclusion. Persistent long-term violations of the basics of a healthy balanced diet by children create a probable risk of developing diseases in children in the future caused by nutritional factors, and can also be predictors of the development of pathological conditions and diseases in adulthood.