D2 Atmosphere Research Articles

Effect of N2 on release behavior of D2 in liquid lithium

Lithium is chemically active and prone to react with residual gases in the atmosphere, which should be taken into account for the application of lithium in fusion facility. In the present study, effect of N2 on the release temperature of D2 in liquid lithium was investigated. Absorption experiments were performed at 400 °C by exposing lithium in N2 or D2 atmosphere. Thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) was used to measure the desorption temperature of Li samples. New D2 peaks which are below the decomposition temperature of LiD but higher than that of D2 dissolved in liquid lithium are observed in Li samples that have absorbed both D2 and N2 and the desorption temperature of which varies according to the ratio of N2 and D2. Although the mechanism of this reaction is not clear, these results highlight the importance of monitoring the impurity content of liquid lithium and the potential impact on tritium extraction when lithium is applied in fusion facilities.

Progress Toward an Understanding of LENR–AHE Effects in Coated Constantan Wires in D2 Atmosphere: DC/AC Voltage Stimulation

This paper presents a summary and some deeper details about the experiments presented at the 22nd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF22). It reports on the experimental study of LENR phenomena in Constantan (Cu55Ni44Mn1) from its inception in 2011 to the most recent experiments. Using an empirical approach we identified the ef- fect of surface modification of the Constantan wires with coatings comprised of elements that enhance the absorption behavior, and oxides with low work function for electron emission. We also explored certain geometrical arrangements of the wires such as knots and coils in order to induce local thermal gradients and predictable hot-spots. Moreover, the DC polarization of the wires by a counter-electrode proved to be a versatile approach to induce non-equilibrium conditions that are essential for Anomalous Heat Effects (AHE), especially when a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is produced. From the review of experiments summarized in this article, we obtain indications that the main parameter controlling the AHE is the flux of reactive species through the surface of the loaded material. As a consequence, all other external conditions of the reactor core (voltage–current, temperature, pressure, electric field stimulations, DC and/or AC external fields), can be seen as co-factors that enable a flux of active species through surfaces and in the bulk of the materials. Although most of the tests are in agreement with a possible flux model, some results still lack an interpretation, probably due to limits of the experimental setup.

Operando spectroscopic and isotopic-label-directed observation of LaN-promoted Ru/ZrH2 catalyst for ammonia synthesis via associative and chemical looping route

The synthesis of ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process using Fe-derived catalysts requires harsh reaction conditions. It is hence meaningful to develop catalysts for low-temperature synthesis of ammonia for industrial application. Herein for the first time, we report that with the synergy between LaN and Ru/ZrH2, NH3 can be synthesized via a dual-path mechanism. The LaN-promoted Ru/ZrH2 catalyst shows exceptionally high NH3 synthesis rate (up to 305 mmolNH3 gRu−1 h−1) at 350 °C under 1 MPa and remarkable durability (tested for 200 h). The outcomes of isothermal surface reaction and a suite of 15N2 and D2 isotopic labeling experiments reveal that the N3− of LaN reacts with H− ions to produce NH3, leaving behind N and H vacancies. The initial state of Ru/xLaN/ZrH2 can be restored by having the N and H entities replenished under the atmosphere adopted for NH3 synthesis. Moreover, based on the results of N2 reaction order, nitrogen K-edge NEXAFS, in situ XPS as well as in situ DRIFTS analyses under a 25%N2-75%D2 atmosphere, it is reckoned that the direct dissociation of N2 does not occur on the LaN-promoted Ru/ZrH2 catalyst while N2 hydrogenation takes place via an associative pathway under mild conditions. For the hydrogenation of N2, an appropriate amount of LaN would induce a synergic effect on the Ru active sites, leading to facile activation and hydrogenation of N2 to *N2H2. Nonetheless, an excess amount of LaN would result in blocking of Ru sites, consequently hindering the formation of *N2H2 and decreasing the catalytic activity. Following the associative and chemical looping pathways, the LaN-promoted Ru/ZrH2 catalyst bypasses the bottleneck of N2 direct dissociation, making the synthesis of NH3 at mild conditions possible.

Synthesis and characterization of Magnesium-Iron-Cobalt complex hydrides

The formation, structure and deuterium desorption properties of Mg2FexCo(1−x)Dy (0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 5 ≤ y ≤ 6) complex hydrides were investigated. The synthesis was carried out by reactive ball milling, using a mixture of powders of the parent elements in D2 atmosphere. The formation of quaternary deuterides was identified from Rietveld refinements of powder X-Ray diffraction and powder neutron diffraction patterns, and from infrared attenuated total reflectance analysis. It was observed that the crystal structure of deuterides depends on the transition metal fraction. For Co-rich compositions, i.e. up to x = 0.1, hydrides have the tetragonal distorted CaF2-type structure (space group P4/nmm) of Mg2CoD5 at room temperature. For Fe-rich compositions, i.e. x ≥ 0.5, a cubic hydride is observed, with the same K2PtCl6-type structure (space group Fmbar{{bf{3}}}m) as Mg2FeD6 and as Mg2CoD5 at high temperatures. For x = 0.3, both the cubic and the tetragonal deuterides are detected. Differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric and temperature programmed desorption analyses show rather similar deuterium desorption properties for all samples, without significant changes as a function of composition. Finally, hydrogen sorption experiments performed for Mg2Fe0.5Co0.5H5.5 at 30 bar of H2 and 673 K showed reversible reactions, with good kinetic for both absorption and desorption of hydrogen.

Hydrogen isotope exchange mechanism in tungsten studied by ERDA

Future fusion reactors use a D–T plasma mixture as fuel. A fraction of hydrogen species can escape the plasma confinement and hit the first wall. Hydrogen isotope exchange, a process in which trapped T atoms are replaced with lighter hydrogen isotopes D or H, is a potential method to minimize radioactive T retention in the wall materials. The present work extends our systematic research on isotope exchange by reversing the process, i.e. by implanting H ions into tungsten followed by subsequent annealing at different constant temperatures in D2 atmosphere. Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis was used to determine the H and D concentrations. The results show that the isotope exchange process takes place regardless of the mass of the active hydrogen isotope. This indicates that the isotope exchange is a statistical phenomenon in which the abundance of the neighboring hydrogen near the trapped hydrogen isotope defines the efficiency of the process.

The Critical Role of Reductive Steps in the Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis and Hydrolysis of Aryl Ether C−O Bonds

AbstractThe hydrogenolysis of the aromatic C−O bond in aryl ethers catalyzed by Ni was studied in decalin and water. Observations of a significant kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD=5.7) for the reactions of diphenyl ether under H2 and D2 atmosphere and a positive dependence of the rate on H2 chemical potential in decalin indicate that addition of H to the aromatic ring is involved in the rate‐limiting step. All kinetic evidence points to the fact that H addition occurs concerted with C−O bond scission. DFT calculations also suggest a route consistent with these observations involving hydrogen atom addition to the ipso position of the phenyl ring concerted with C−O scission. Hydrogenolysis initiated by H addition in water is more selective (ca. 75 %) than reactions in decalin (ca. 30 %).

The Critical Role of Reductive Steps in the Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis and Hydrolysis of Aryl Ether C-O Bonds.

The hydrogenolysis of the aromatic C−O bond in aryl ethers catalyzed by Ni was studied in decalin and water. Observations of a significant kinetic isotope effect (k H/k D=5.7) for the reactions of diphenyl ether under H2 and D2 atmosphere and a positive dependence of the rate on H2 chemical potential in decalin indicate that addition of H to the aromatic ring is involved in the rate‐limiting step. All kinetic evidence points to the fact that H addition occurs concerted with C−O bond scission. DFT calculations also suggest a route consistent with these observations involving hydrogen atom addition to the ipso position of the phenyl ring concerted with C−O scission. Hydrogenolysis initiated by H addition in water is more selective (ca. 75 %) than reactions in decalin (ca. 30 %).

Deuterium trapping in the carbon-silicon co-deposition layers prepared by RF sputtering in D2 atmosphere

Deuterated carbon-silicon layers co-deposited on graphite and silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering in pure D2 plasma were produced to study deuterium trapping and characteristics of the C-Si layers. The C-Si co-deposited layers were examined by ion beam analysis (IBA), Raman spectroscopy (RS), infrared absorption (IR) spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the growth rate of the C-Si co-deposition layer decreased with increasing temperature from 350 K to 800 K, the D concentration and C/Si ratios increased differently on graphite and silicon substrates. TDS shows that D desorption is mainly as D2, HD, HDO, CD4, and C2D4 and release peaks occurred at temperatures of less than 900 K. RS and IR analysis reveal that the structure of the C-Si layers became more disordered with increasing temperatures. Rounded areas of peeling with 1–2 μm diameters were observed on the surface.

Hydrogen Permeability of TiN x Membrane Based on Bulk Mixed Hydride Ion and Electron Conductivity

Hydrogen is an ideal fuel resource, because it can be generated by water electrolysis by using renewable electricity from solar, window and water power generation. Hydrogen permeable metals such as Pd and group V meals (V, Nb, Ta) are promising as a hydrogen membrane to separate pure hydrogen from other process gases. Pd is most famous hydrogen membrane material, but it’s fiercely expensive and the resource is limited. Group V metals reveal excellent permeability, but they are ductile due to the fierce hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, it is the motivation to develop the Pd-free hydrogen membranes which can work without hydrogen embrittlement. Recently, mixed proton and electron conductor (MPEC) oxides have attracted as new materials to use as hydrogen permeation membrane, and they have found applications in energy devices such as fuel cells and batteries. On the other hand, the conduction of hydride ions, H–, is also attractive. Recently, Verbraeken et al. reported barium hydride BaH2 exhibits fast H- ion conduction. Charge density on hydride ion is 105 times smaller than protons due to the difference of ionic radii so that bipolar diffusion of H- could be easier than H+. Unfortunately, the materials to show both hydride ion and electronic conduction are not reported. In this work, we demonstrate the highly-nonstoichiometric TiN x membrane reveal efficient hydrogen permeability because of mixed H- ion electron conduction. Highly-nonstoichiometric TiN x membranes (x = 0.71-1.02) were fabricated on a porous alumina support by RF reactive sputtering. The deposition was performed at the ubstrate temperatures of 500 oC by using Ti target (purity: 99.9%) under various nitrogen partial pressures. The morphologies and compositions of the membranes were analyzed by XRD, WDX and TEM. The hydrogen gas permeability was examined in the temperature range of 25 to 500 oC by using a homemade gas permeation test system equipped with a gas chromatography. Highly-nonstoichiometric TiN x films (x = 0.71 -1.02) were successfully fabricated by reactive RF sputtering processes by adjusting the nitrogen partial pressure. From TEM image, densely-packed TiN x films with 600 nm thickness are uniformly formed over a wide area of the porous alumina support and apparent cracks and pinholes were not formed. TiN x membranes clearly revealed the selective permeation of hydrogen. Hydrogen fluxes of the membrane exhibit Arrhenius-type temperature dependence and these are at least two orders of magnitude higher than the nitrogen fluxes due to the leakage from gas sealing. Highly-N deficient TiN0.71 show larger hydrogen flux than TiN0.95. This result discloses that N-vacancy sites make an important role for hydrogen transport in TiN x . In situ FT-IR spectra of TiN0.71 membranes exposed to hydrogen and deuterium atmosphere were measured in order to clarify the mobile hydrogen species. In H2 atmosphere, O-H, Ti-N and Ti-H stretching mode appeared. As switched from H2 to D2 atmosphere at 500°C a new sharp peak spontaneously develops at around 1200 cm-1, which is attributed to Ti-D stretching mode. These strongly suggest that H atoms bound to Ti atoms are diffusive in TiN x films so as to enable exchanging Ti-H bonding by Ti-D bonding while the H bound to oxygen are not mobile. Accordingly, it is concluded that the hydrogen permeability of TiN x film was caused by bulk conduction of mixed hydride ion and electron.

Anionic tantalum dihydride complexes: heterobimetallic coupling reactions and reactivity toward small-molecule activation.

The anionic dihydride complex [Cp2TaH2](-) was synthesized as a well-defined molecular species by deprotonation of Cp2TaH3 while different solubilizing agents, such as [2.2.2]cryptand and 18-crown-6, were applied to encapsulate the alkali-metal counterion. The ion pairs were characterized by multiple spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray crystallography, revealing varying degrees of interaction between the hydride ligands of the anion and the respective countercation in solution and in the solid state. The [Cp2TaH2](-) complex anion shows slow exchange of the hydride ligands when kept under a D2 atmosphere, but a very fast reaction is observed when [Cp2TaH2](-) is reacted with CO2, from which Cp2TaH(CO) is obtained as the tantalum-containing reaction product, along with inorganic salts. Furthermore, [Cp2TaH2](-) can act as a synthon in heterobimetallic coupling reactions with transition-metal halide complexes. Thus, the heterobimetallic complexes Cp2Ta(μ-H)2Rh(dippp) and Cp2Ta(μ-H)2Ru(H)(CO)(P(i)Pr3)2 were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopies and via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The new hydride bridged tantalum-rhodium heterobimetallic complex is cleaved under a CO atmosphere to yield mononuclear species and slowly exchanges protons and hydride ligands when exposed to D2 gas.

Deuterium Retention in the Co-Deposition Carbon Layers Deposited by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering in D2 Atmosphere

Carbon is deposited on C and Si substrates by rf magnetron plasma sputtering in a D2 atmosphere. The deposited layers are examined with ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The growth rates of the layers deposited on Si decrease with increasing substrate temperature, while increase significantly with the increase of D2 pressure. Meanwhile, the deuterium concentrations in the layers deposited on the Si substrates decrease from 30% to 2% and from 31% to 1% on the C substrates, respectively, when the substrate temperature varies from 350K to 900 K. Similarly, the D concentration in the layer on the Si substrates increases from 3.4% to 47%, and from 8% to 35% on the C substrates when the D2 pressure increases from 0.3Pa to 8.0Pa. D desorption characterized by TDS is mainly in the forms of D2, HD, HDO, CD4, and C2D4, and a similar release peak occurs at 645 K. The release peak of D2 molecules at 960K can be attributed to the escaped gas from the thin co-deposited deuterium-rich carbon layer in the form of C–D bonding.

Magnesium growth in magnesium deuteride thin films during deuterium desorption

Abstract Pd- capped nanocrystalline magnesium thin films having columnar structure were deposited on Si substrate by e-gun deposition and submitted to thermal annealing in D2 atmosphere to promote the metal to deuteride phase transformation. The kinetics of the reverse deuteride to metal transformation was studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) while the structure of the as deposited and transformed samples was analyzed by X-rays diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In Pd- capped MgD2 thin films the deuteride to metal transformation begins at the interface between un-reacted Mg and transformed MgD2 layers. The D2 desorption kinetics is controlled by MgD2/Mg interface effects, specifically the re-growth velocity of the Mg layers. The Mg re-growth has thermally activated character and shows an activation energy value of 1.3 ± 0.1 eV.

Hydride formation in Mg-based systems processed by reactive milling

The possibilities to produce quaternary Mg-based transition-metal complex hydrides have been explored. Mg2Mn1--xFex (x = 0.5, 0) elemental powder mixtures were ball milled in a reactive D2 atmosphere (about 5 MPa). The results were compared with the formation of Mg2(FeD6)0.5(CoD5)0.5 from Mg-Fe-Co powders. The changes of D2 pressure were monitored during milling and deuterium absorption was detected within the first 15 h of milling. Powder X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis for the as-milled Mg2Mn0.5Fe0.5 powder showed a large fraction of unreacted elemental Mn, as well as the formation of a cubic K2PtCl6-type phase (a = 6.452 A). The latter could be identified as Mg2FeD6. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of [FeD6]4- anions (stretching band at 1261 cm(-1)) and ruled out the formation of [MnH6]5- complexes. As for the as-milled Mg2Mn, powder diffraction analysis showed the formation of MgD2 as the main reaction product. A small fraction of a cubic K2PtCl6-type phase (a = 6.526 A) was also observed. This was identified as a Mg2FeD6-type compound. It was likely formed as a result of Fe impurities originating from the milling media and detected by EDX analysis. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the [FeD6]4- complex (stretching band at 1259 cm(-1)) and showed an additional band at 1313 cm(-1). The likelihood of this band arising from Mn-D bonds is discussed. Finally, deuterium desorption upon heating, was investigated for all systems by differential scanning calorimetry.

H/D Exchange on Silica-Grafted Tantalum(V) Imido Amido [(≡SiO)2Ta(V)(NH)(NH2)] Synthesized from Either Ammonia or Dinitrogen: IR and DFT Evidence for Heterolytic Splitting of D2

The silica-grafted Ta(V) imido amido complex [(≡SiO)2Ta(NH)(NH2)], 2, obtained from the reaction of either ammonia or dinitrogen plus hydrogen with the silica-grafted hydrides [(≡SiO)2Ta(III)H], 1a, and [(≡SiO)2Ta(V)H3], 1b, undergoes H/D exchange with D2. In situ IR spectroscopy shows that the fully labelled compound [(≡SiO)2Ta(ND)(ND2)], 2-d, can be obtained by moderate heating (60 °C, 3 h) under D2 atmosphere (550 torr, 300 eq. with respect to Ta), and that the exchange is reversible. The observed stretching and bending frequencies of 2-d are in agreement with the expected isotopic shift upon H/D replacement with respect to literature values reported for 2 and have been corroborated by the independent synthesis of 2-d by reaction of deuterated 1a and 1b with N2 and D2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, performed using a periodic or a cluster model, explored the structures and energetics of all minima involved in the reaction with H2 and showed that among the explored pathways the energetically preferred mechanisms for H2 reaction with [{(μ-O)[(HO)2SiO]2}Ta(V)(NH)(NH2)], 2q, is the heterolytic cleavage of either the imido Ta=N or the amido Ta-N bonds, to yield respectively [{(μ-O)[(HO)2SiO]2}TaH(NH2)2], 3q (ΔE = −9.5 kcal mol−1 and ΔG298K = +2.6 kcal mol−1 with respect to 2q) and [{(μ-O)[(HO)2SiO]2}Ta(NH)(NH3)], 4q (ΔE = −6.0 kcal mol−1 and ΔG298K = +7.9 kcal mol−1 with respect to 2q). All activation barriers are moderate (between 17.7 and 30.2 kcal mol−1) in agreement with the observed mild heating conditions necessary for the reaction to occur.

Development of a method for investigating carbon removal processes during photoassisted film growth using organometallic precursors: Application to platinum

A method is used to investigate carbon removal pathways during metal film growth using organometallic precursors. The approach combines a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a growth chamber from which substrates can be removed during real-time film growth. Consequently, evolving mass spectral signatures can be correlated with changing film properties. Although more general as a technique, results are presented for the photoassisted growth of Pt from CH3CpPt(CH3)3 in a D2 atmosphere. Here, a marked increase in deuterium/hydrogen exchange is clearly correlated with an increase in the Pt:C ratio for the metal films, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. However, results for growth with CH3CH2CpPt(CH3)3 as well as (CH3)3CCpPt(CH3)3 suggest that while extensive D∕H exchange can be a feature of the growth process, it is not a prerequisite for producing films with relatively high Pt:C ratios.

Deuterium storage in nanocrystalline magnesium thin films

Nanocrystalline magnesium deuteride thin films with the β-MgD2 structure were prepared by vacuum evaporation of hexagonal magnesium (h-Mg) samples and thermal annealing in 0.15 MPa D2 atmosphere at 373 K. Thermal desorption spectroscopy analysis indicated that the rate-limiting step in the deuterium desorption was given by the thermal decomposition of the deuteride phase. The activation energy Δg of the β-MgD2→h-Mg+D2 reaction scaled from 1.13±0.03 eV in 650-nm-thick films to 1.01±0.02 eV in 75-nm-thick films most likely as consequence of different stress and defect level. Positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis of the thin-film samples submitted to deuterium absorption and desorption cycles reveal the presence of a high concentration of void-like defects in the h-Mg layers after the very first decomposition of the β-MgD2 phase, the presence of these open volume defects reduces the D2 absorption capacity of the h-Mg thin film.

Deuterium Retention in Pure and Mixed Plasma Facing Materials

Depth profiles of D atoms and D2 molecules in beryllium (Be), beryllium oxide (BeO), tungsten (W), chemically vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten carbide WC, and tungsten trioxide (WO3) both implanted with D ions at energies in the range of several keV and exposed to a low energy (30–200 eV) D plasma have been determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and residual gas analysis (RGA) measurements in the course of surface sputtering. Additionally, the deuterium retention in carbon (C) and tungsten-carbon (W-C) mixed films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering in D2 atmosphere has been investigated. Mechanisms of the deuterium trapping in these materials are discussed.

Redistribution at silicon by ruthenium complexes. Bonding mode of the bridging silanes in Ru2H4(μ-η2:η2:η2:η2-SiH4)(PCy3)4and Ru2H2(μ-η2:η2-H2Si(OMe)2)3(PCy3)2

The bis(dihydrogen) complex RuH2(η2-H2)2(PCy3)2 (1) reacts with 2 equiv. of H2SiMePh to produce a mixture of Ru2H4(μ-η2:η2:η2:η2-SiH4)(PCy3)4 (2) and RuH2(η2-H2)(η2-HSiPh3)(PCy3)2 (4) together with HSiMePh2, HSiMe2Ph and traces of HMe2SiSiMe2H as a result of redistribution at silicon. The bridging SiH4 ligand in 2 is coordinated to the two ruthenium via four σ-Si–H bonds in agreement with NMR, X-ray data (on 2, and 2′ the analogous PiPr3 complex) and DFT calculations. Each interaction involves σ-donation to a ruthenium and back-bonding from the other ruthenium. Elimination of SiH4 and formation of RuH2(CO)2(PCy3)2 (5), RuH2(tBuNC)2(PCy3)2 (6) or RuH(η2-H2)Cl(PCy3)2 (7) were observed upon the reaction of 2 with CO, tBuNC, CH2Cl2, respectively. No reaction occurred in the presence of H2, but H/D exchange was observed under D2 atmosphere. Another redistribution reaction at silicon can be obtained by adding 4 equiv. of HSi(OMe)3 to 2 to produce Si(OMe)4 and Ru2H2(μ-η2:η2-H2Si(OMe)2)3(PCy3)2 (3) displaying three bridging (μ-η2:η2 alkoxysilane) ligands. Complex 3 is characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopies and by a crystal structure. DFT calculations show that the model complex Ru2H2(μ-η2:η2-H2Si(OR)2)3(PR3)2 (R = H, Me) is a minimum on the potential energy surface, and support the dihydride formulation with three bridging H2Si(OMe)2 ligands coordinated to the two ruthenium through σ-Si–H bonds.

Neutron Emission from Fracture of Piezoelectric Materials in Deuterium Atmosphere

We have studied nuclear reaction during a fracture process of piezoelectric materials in D2 atmosphere. Neutrons are generated in d–d nuclear reaction through the fracture process of LiNbO3 (lithium niobate) at the D2 gas pressure of 30 kPa or above; the emission rate is 108±27 /h with the statistical significance of 4.0 σ, although at 18 kPa or below, neutrons are not generated. We have not observed neutrons from other tested piezoelectric materials.

Method of Analyzing 4He in a Deuterium Atmosphere using a High-Resolution Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Quantitative analysis of 4He in a D2 atmosphere is important for determining D–T plasma fusion parameters and for estimating radiation damage to materials in fusion reactors. In this study, a system with a high-resolution quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and a Zr–Al getter pump was employed in order to analyze a small amount of 4He in a large amount of D2 atomosphere. Using this analysis system, 4He could be detected clearly without depending on its abundance ratio in a gas. A quantitative analysis method has also been proposed. This method can determine the total amount of 4He in a gas with only one parameter; the ion current of the QMS. The quantitative analysis has been performed for 1/10-, 1/100- and 1/10000-admixture gases of 4He and D2. The error of this analysis is estimated to be 6.7%.