Cytotoxic Activity Test Research Articles

Di- and Triterpenoids Isolation and LC-MS Analysis of Salvia marashica Extracts with Bioactivity Studies

In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the Salvia marashica plant which is an endemic species to Anatolia, were investigated. The total phenolic amounts of these extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent and total flavonoids as quercetin equivalent. Antioxidant activity was determined by four complementary methods including inhibition of lipid peroxidation (by β-carotene color expression), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC methods. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was investigated by the Ellman method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Viability and cytotoxic activity tests were carried out on the fibroblast L929 cells and cytotoxic A549 lung cancer cells, respectively. The triterpenoids and diterpenoids constitute the major secondary metabolites of the S. marashica acetone and methanol extracts isolated by chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, namely NMR and mass analyses. Ten terpenoids were obtained from either acetone or methanol extracts of the S. marashica. Seven of them were triterpenoids, elucidated as lupeol, lupeol-3-acetate, lup-12, 20(29)-diene, lup-20(29)-ene, α-amyrin-tetracosanoate, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid besides a steroid β-sitosterol. Two abietane diterpenes, abieta-8,11,13-triene (1) and 18-acetoxymethylene-abieta-8,11,13-triene (2), were obtained from the acetone extract which were isolated from a Salvia species for the first time in the present study. The methanol extract was found to be very rich in rosmarinic acid determined by LC-MS/MS analysis.

Characterization and applications of Thermomonas hydrothermalis isolated from Jordan's hot springs for biotechnological and medical purposes

We identified and investigated the biological activities of Thermomonas hydrothermalis, isolated bacteria strains present in Jordan's hot springs, based on their morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The colonies exhibited light brown with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. For screening their metabolic activities, API 50CHB strips and esculin were used. We phylogenetically typified the isolated bacteria by applying 16S ribosomal DNA gene amplification and sequencing followed by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) tests. About 100 μL of the enriched sample was streaked on nutrient agar using a calibrated wire loop, while 20 μg crude powder was mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to test their activities against standard pathogenic bacterial strains (ATCC). The water samples collected from the hot springs had temperatures ranging between 44–56 °C, pH between 7.11–8.51, and electrical conductivity between 1.06–1.41 ms/cm. To utilize their isolate for characterization and applications, pH, temperature, and generation time were optimized. It was found that the Gram-negative isolated bacteria strain exhibited an optimum growth at 55 °C, pH 8.5, and 30 min of generation time (GT). The BLAST results showed a 99 % of similar identity of the sample to Thermomonas hydrothermalis. Due to their antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bioactive compounds identified using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) had novel features such as 4(3 H)-pyrimidinone, dihydroxy-1,5- naphthyridine, actinomycine-D, and pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione hygrazides. Screening of cytotoxic activity tests using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted toward their water extract, which exerted cytostimulatory effects on human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) with an IC50 of 5.109 μg/mL and accelerated wound closure. Overall, the implications of this study provided new insights into the bioproducts of Thermomonas hydrothermalis and offered opportunities to utilize their isolate for biotechnological and medicinal applications.

First determination of anticancer, cytotoxic, and in silico ADME evaluation of secondary metabolites of endemic Astragalus leucothrix Freyn & Bornm.

Isolation and characterization of anticancer activity guided secondary metabolites of endemic Astragalus leucothrix Freyn& Bornm were aimed. Aerial parts of the plant were extracted by maceration method in the solvent system methanol-chloroform (1 : 1) at room temperature. The obtained crude extract was dissolved in purified water. Then, the extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, respectively. Anticancer activity tests of all the fractions were performed against HeLa and C6 cancer cells. The chloroform fraction that has highest anticancer activity was subjected to chromatographic methods such as column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Pentyl tetratetracontanoate (1), alfalone (2), 3,6,8-tribromoquinoline (3), and 3,6,8-tribromochromenium (4) molecules were detected from this plant for the first time. The structure determinations of the isolated molecules were elucidated by methods such as 1D and 2D NMR, HPLC - TOF / MS, and GC - MS analysis. Finally, anticancer and cytotoxic activity tests of the compounds were performed. Literature review showed that 3,6,8-tribromochromenium is a new compound. IC50 values of compound 1-2 and compound 3-4 mix were determined to be 4.50 ± 0.10, 2.81 ± 0.00, 4.33 ± 0.00 μM against C6 cell, respectively. The drug likeness properties of 1-4 were obtained by SwissADME. According to Lipinski's rule of five; 2-4 could be a new potential anticancer agent.

UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH KETUMBAR (Coriandrum sativum Linn) TERHADAP ARTEMIA SALINA LEACH DENGAN UJI BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

Coriander is a common herb can be used as traditional medicine. One of the expected benefits of Coriander fruits is an anti-cancer. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of Coriander extract (Coriandrum sativum Linn) on shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach) with the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method. Coriander fruits was extracted using methanol solvent and maceration method, then concentrated it with a rotary evaporator until a thick extract. Cytotoxic activity test used methanol extract with several concentration : 1,000 ppm, 100 ppm, 10 ppm, and 1 ppm. The result of this research reveal that methanol extract of Coriander fruits has cytotoxic activity with LC50 value is 32.35 ppm.

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxic and Analgesic Activities of Sensevieria trifasciata

Sansevieria trifasciata is a common perennial ornamental plant which freely grows and widely found in homes, parks, and woodlands. Traditionally, this plant has been used against acne, allergy, helminths and fungal infections. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata (STET) has been used to study the phytoconstituents and several bioactivities. In vitro antioxidant activity of STET has been determined by DPPH scavenging assay and measuring the total tannins and phenolic contents. Anti-inflammatory activity has been evaluated by hypotonic solution and heat induced hemolysis. Moreover, cytotoxic and analgesic activities have also been evaluated by brine shrimp lethality assay and acetic acid induced writhing inhibition method, respectively. STET confirmed the presence of reducing sugar, combined reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins and steroids. In DPPH scavenging assay, STET revealed the IC50 value 2.19 μg/ml whereas the standard showed 1.39 μg/ml. In addition, the total tannins and total phenolic contents were found to be 10.78 mg and 31.99 mg GAE/g of dried plant extract, respectively. In hypotonic solution induced hemolysis test, the plant extract exhibited 39.27, 37.04 and 33.19 % inhibition at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml concentration where the reference standard displayed 30.57 % inhibition. In heat-induced hemolysis, the STET also displayed 34.25 % inhibition of hemolysis at 1 mg/ml. Furthermore, in analgesic and cytotoxic activity tests, STET showed potential activities in a dose dependent manner. The results of the present studies suggest that STET has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and analgesic activities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(2): 195-200, 2020

Aktivitas sitotoksik dan antiangiogenesis umbi mentimun papasan (Coccinia grandis L.Voight) terhadap sel kanker hela yang diinduksi protein bFGF

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in Indonesia and in the world. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as an alternative treatment for cancer is the papasan cucumber tuber (Coccinia grandis (L) Voight). This study aims to determine the activity of cytotoxic effects on Hela cancer cells and antiangiogenesis activity against Chorioallantoic membrane.
 Method: In this study, papasan cucumber tubers were extracted with 96% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract was then continued with fractionation using the liquid-liquid partition method, followed by thin-layer chromatography used to determine of compounds contained in the papasan cucumber tubers. Cytotoxic activity tests were carried out using the MTT assay method and antiangiogenesis tests were carried out using CAM methods of chicken embryos induced with bFGF protein.
 Results: The results showed that the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction had IC50 values 986,604 µg/ml, 208,776 µg/ml, 187,824 µg/ml and 553,393 µg/ml. The IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction was then continued with antiangiogenesis testing. The KLT analysis showed that the n-hexane fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes. Antiangiogenesis test result show that the inhibitory at concentration of 104 µg / ml was 17,56%, at a concentration of 208 µg / ml 43,23% and at a concentration of 418 µg / ml 56,78%.
 Conclusion: n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction have moderate cytotoxic activity against Hela cancer cells and n-hexane fraction has antiangiogenesis activity.
 Key words: Coccnia grandis L. Voight, Cytotoxic, Antiangiogenesis, Hela, Chorioallantoic Membrane

Molecular confirmation, constituents and cytotoxicity evaluation of two medicinal Piper species used by the Manobo tribe of Agusan del Sur, Philippines

The Manobo tribe in the Philippines is culturally rich in ethnomedicinal practices and known to use popular plants locally named as “Lunas” (meaning “cure”). One of these is “Lunas-bagon tapol” which was previously identified as Lunasia sp. (Rutaceae) based on vegetative morphology. The other species is “Lunas-buyo” which is similar in ethnomedicinal use and morphology. This broadly-based study verifies these two “Lunas”-named specimens and evaluates the phytochemicals present and cytotoxic properties. The sequences of nuclear ITS, and plastid rbcL, and matK were investigated for species identification. Molecular confirmation using BLASTn nucleotide database query revealed that the two confused “Lunas”-named specimens were members of Piperaceae and not Rutaceae. Phylogeny of Asian Piper using ITS sequences revealed “Lunas-bagon tapol” as Piper decumanum L. and “Lunas-buyo” as Piper aduncum L. with strong support (BS = 100 %). Both Piper species similarly showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and fatty acids but the absence of cyanogenic glycosides. Also, P. decumanum has moderate amount of saponins while P. aduncum contains moderate amount of anthraquinones. A cytotoxic activity test using trypan blue exclusion method against normal lymphocytes from human blood showed low toxicity (91.9 % viable cells) for P. decumanum and mild toxicity (88.3 % viable cells) for P. aduncum when subjected to 1000 μg/ml of the stem ethanolic extracts. These results support the practical approach of molecular-based taxon identification and provide the biochemical and biological basis as to the constituents present and cytotoxic properties of these medicinal Piper species for future pharmacological research, conservation priorities and ecological management.

Synthesis of 9-Phenanthrols through a Sequential Ligand-Free Suzuki/Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reaction and Their Cytotoxic Activity

A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of 9-phenanthrols through a sequential ligand-free Suzuki/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction has been developed. Twenty-five 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetic acids were obtained via Suzuki reaction with high yields. And 9-phenanthrols were regioselectively synthesized by TfOH/P2O5 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction with good to excellent yields. This method provides a valuable alternative to the existing strategies toward the synthesis of 9-phenanthrols. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity test indicated that the synthesized 9-phenanthrols could inhibit viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent way. Ten compounds displayed over 70% inhibition proportions after 24 h at the concentration of 100 μM.

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential of different leaves extracts of R. fruticosus used traditionally to treat diabetes

Medicinal plant as herbal medicine is widely used to cure infectious diseases. Rubus fruticosus L (R. fruticosus) has been studied for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Different polarity leave extracts were prepared by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hydro alcoholic solvents. Agar diffusion method has been used to assess the antibacterial activity against two gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and two gram-negative Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenza bacterial strains. Cytotoxic activity was carried out against brine shrimp using the nauplii method (BSL). The results so obtained for various experiments demonstrates the total number of extracts produces moderate to strong antibacterial activity against the gram (+ and -). The best activity was discovered within hydro alcoholic upon all concentrations, whereas the inhibition zone exists within the range of 6−11 mm. In addition to that, the cytotoxic activity test confirms that hydro alcoholic extracts the maximum toxicity for values LC50 (4.68–6.96 μg/ml), where the LC50 values for all extracts be located within the range of 4.68–6.96 μg/ml. Finally, the plant itself and its derived extracts have been used as a folk medicine to treat serious infectious diseases.

ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES AND METABOLITE FINGERPRINTING OF UPLC-QToF-MS/MS METHOD FROM Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev)

<p><em>Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium</em> (<em>C. cinerariifolium</em>) is an empirically proven medicinal plant that has anticancer activities. This study aimed to profile metabolites, and cytotoxic activity of root, leaf, stem, and root extracts <em>C. cinerariifolium</em> on T47D cells and to determine the correlation of metabolite content with cytotoxic activity. The metabolite profile was carried out using UPLC-QToF-MS / MS, and cytotoxic activity was carried out using the MTT method. The results obtained in the form of a chromatogram were processed with the application <em>Masslynk</em> so that a metabolite profile data obtained. The data is then analyzed statistically using <em>Principal Component Analysis</em> (PCA). The results obtained on metabolite profiling showed that there were differences in metabolite profiles in the roots, stems, leaves, and chrysanthemums. The characteristic compounds in the flower section are <em>D - (-) - Morphine</em> and in the leaf part of <em>genistein </em> and <em>N - [(5-Chloro-1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl) methyl] -1- (2-isopropyl-4 -methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl) -N-methyl ethanolamine</em>. The major compounds in the roots, stems, and leaves are <em>Orphenadrine</em> with successive percentages of 9.11%, 10.16%, and 3.24%, and the major compounds in the flower section are <em>D - (-) - Morphine</em> with a percentage of 10, 86%. Furthermore, the results of the cytotoxic activity test showed differences in anticancer cytotoxic activity in the parts of the flower, leaf, stem, and root of <em>C. cinerariifolium</em>. Besides, there is a relationship between the metabolite content and anticancer cytotoxic activity of each part of <em>C. cinerariifolium</em>. The higher the level of orphenadrine compounds in the plant, the higher the potential for anticancer.</p><p> <strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>C. cinerariifolium</em>, UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, T47D cells.</p>

Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. Part XI: Synthesis, structures, spectra, in vitro anti-tumor and antimicrobial activities of 3d metal complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid

Five 3d metal [M(H2O)2(SQ)]n complexes, where M is Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4) and Cu (5), and SQ is the dianion of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid have been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. X-ray structure analysis of 1 and 5 in combination with IR spectroscopy of all five complexes showed that complexes 1–4 are isostructural 2D polymers, while 5 is 1D polymer due to the different bonding character of SQ. Stability of all complexes in DMSO was proved by UV–Vis spectroscopy and for 4 also verified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity tests against cervical carcinoma HeLa, colon carcinoma HCT116 and normal human fibroblast MRC-5 cell lines showed moderate but selective cytotoxicity of all complexes. Complex 1 exhibited highest activity with IC50 = 39.1 and 33.4 µM, respectively, but is lower than activity of cisplatin (CP) which IC50 = 24.3 and 14.3 µM, respectively. However, their cytotoxic activity against healthy MRC-5 cells (IC50 > 92 µM) is much lower than CP (IC50 = 19.7 µM). Antimicrobial activity of all complexes against 9 strains of pathogenic bacteria, five mould species and two yeast species is negligible.

Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etanol, Etil-Asetat, dan Heksana Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D

Kaffir lime peels (Citrus hystric DC.) have been reported that it has activity on HeLa cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane fraction of kaffir lime peels to T47D breast cancer cells and to identify the compounds of kaffir lime peels (Citus hystrix DC.). Extraction was done by maceration using 96% ethanol. The results of thick extracts were fractionated by the liquid-liquid partition method using solvent with different polarity, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Cytotoxic activity tests were carried out using the MTT assay. Identification of compounds were carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with silica gel GF 254 as a stationary phase. The mobile phase used was hexane:ethylacetate (6:4) for ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions, and hexane:ethylacetate (4:6) for ethanol fractions. IC50 ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions obtained were 268.49, 286.82, and 136.27 mg/mL respectively. Ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions contain alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid and phenolic compounds, while the ethanol fraction contains only flavonoid compound. Cytotoxic results of ethanol extract, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fraction of kaffir lime peels did not active against T47D breast cancer cells.

Plasticized Chitosan / aloe biofilms for cell regeneration

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of plasticizing agents; Glycerin and PVA, as well as the incorporation of aloe extract on the regeneration and / or cellular recovery capacity of plasticized chitosan. The preparation of the biofilms consisted of mixing, low molecular weight chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.25%), polyvinyl alcohol (1 and 1.5%) and glycerin (3.5, 5 and 7%). Aloe extract was incorporated in 1% together with glycerin. The drying of the films was carried out in an incubator at 28 ° C for 24 hours, using the method of slow evaporation or casting. Stress tests to determine their mechanical properties, DSC compatibility, water vapor permeability tests and through a cytotoxic activity test of biofilms using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), the viability of the use of these biofilms in regeneration was determined mobile. A combination of chitosan / PVA / glycerin was found that exhibits good elastic properties. The DSC showed that there is a good incorporation of the components. The permeability is acceptable for the application and the cell viability tests indicate an increase thereof due to the presence of the aloe extract, as well as the plasticizers with respect to the chitosan without plasticizers.

Skrining Senyawa Kimia dan Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol Teripang Kridou Bintik (Bohadschia argus Jeager) Asal Pantai Harlem Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua

The Bohadschia argus Jeager contains bioactive compounds that have the potential as antibiotics, antibacterial, antitumor, anticoagulants and anesthetics and alleviate cancer. This study aims to determine the content of chemical compounds group and to test the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Bohadschia argus Jeager. The method for determining the group of chemical compounds was used the color reaction and precipitation using chemical reagents. The method for testing cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shimp Lethality Test (BSLT), this method commonly was used to test the safety of the use of natural ingredients as traditional medicine. The results of screening of the chemical compound group of  Bohadschia argus Jeager extract showed that the extract contained a lot of alkaloids secondary metabolites and few saponins. The results of testing of cytotoxic activity showed LC50 value of 878.22 ppm. Base on the results of this study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Bohadschia argus Jeager has significant cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina Leach, so it can be considered as a chemotherapeutic agent.   Key words: Screening, chemical compounds, ethanol extract, B. argus, BSLT.Â

Cytotoxic effect of 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione compound from the bark of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) in breast cancer cells T47D

Faloak ( Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is used empirically by residents of East Nusa Tenggara for drug plant. The information of the active compound contained in the faloak bark yet specifically published. This study aims to determine the active compound contained in the faloak bark that have cytotoxic activity to T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction process using maceration method, isolation process using gradien isolation method, elusidation using combination of information of IR spectra, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and LC-MS, and cytotoxic activity test on T47D breast cancer cells using MTT method. The isolation result obtained that isolate of naphthoquinone derivative compound is 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho [1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione with IC 50 value on T47D breast cancer cell was 9,88 µg/mL and with an index selectivity value was 30,23.

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ACIDIC RIBOSOME INACTIVATING PROTEINS MIRABILIS JALAPA L. (RIP MJ-C) NANOPARTICLE FORMULATED WITH LOW-CHAIN CHITOSAN AND LOW-METHYLATED PECTIN

Objective: This study aimed to formulate acidic ribosome inactivating protein isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. (RIP MJ-C) nanoparticle, using low chains chitosan and low methylated pectin, and to evaluate its cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cell line.Methods: RIP MJ-C was isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L leaves using ion exchange chromatography method, and its presence was tested using super coiled double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage activity. The nanoparticle of RIP MJ-C was formulated using low chains chitosan and low methylated pectin. The optimum formula was characterised using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analyzer. The cytotoxic activity of the nanoparticle against T47D breast cancer cell-lines was assessed using MTT assay.Results: The optimum formula was obtained at the combination of 0.06% low chain chitosan and 0.02% low methylated pectin. It was revealed that the nanoparticles have a particle size of 54.43±10.14 nm, polydispersity index of 0.514±0.10, and zeta potential of+93.59±6.90 mV. The cytotoxic activity test showed that RIP MJ-C nanoparticles conjugated with anti-EpCAM 9C4 have the highest cell death percentage of 43.20% compared to unformulated RIP MJ-C.Conclusion: It was concluded that the RIP MJ-C nanoparticle conjugated with an anti-EpCAM antibody could enhance the cytotoxicity of RIP MJ-C against T47D breast cancer cell-lines.

Cytotoxicity comparison on different parts of three Digitalis species and isolation of potential bioactive compounds

In the Flora of Turkey, the genus Digitalis is represented by nine species [1]. Digitalis species contain biologically active compounds such as cardenolides, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. In this research three Digitalis species [Plantaginaceae]; D. davisiana Heywood, D. grandiflora Miller and D. viridiflora Lindley were studied in the point of cytotoxicity. To determine the bioactive part of the plant, root and aerial parts were extracted with methanol separately. Cytotoxic activity was performed by MTT method through 2 cancer cell lines HEp-2 (Human larynx epidermoid carcinoma), HepG2 (Human hepatocelular carcinoma) and a non-cancerous cell line 3Y1 (rat fibroblast cell) [2]. Methanol extracts of the aerial parts and the roots of three plants were used for cytotoxic activity tests. It was found that these three plants have different potentials for cytotoxicity. Aerial parts were found to be more active than the roots on tested cancer cell lines. In addition to this, D. davisiana aerial parts extract (DD-APE) was found to be the most active among all. IC50 values of DD-APE were 50.8, 211.4 and 94.7 µg/mL respectively for HEp-2, HepG2 and 3Y1 cell lines. The tested extracts are more cytotoxic on HEp-2 cell line than HepG2 and 3Y1 cell lines. This selectivity is important for the discovery of new anticancer agents. After evaluating the bioactivity test results, isolation studies started from active, phenylethanoid glycosides rich fractions. Repeated column chromatography studies resulted in the isolation of five phenylethanoid glycosides. Deacyllugrandoside (1), lugrandoside (2), isolugrandoside (3), maxoside (4) and 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-4-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-glucopyranoside (5) were identified by extensive NMR techniques. Isolation and cytotoxic activity studies on isolated compounds are still in progress.

Isolation and identification of a new saponin from Cephalaria aytachii

A new hederagenin-type triterpenoid glycoside (1) named Aytachoside A, along with eight known triterpene glycosides, were isolated from the aerial parts of Cephalaria aytachii Gokturk and Sumbul (Dipsacaceae). The structures of compounds 1–9 were determined by spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS) and chemical examinations. The antimicrobial effect of compound 1 was found considerably active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and especially Salmonella typhimurium microorganisms using the MIC method. Although compound 1 was found not to have a remarkable toxic effect at a concentration lower than 300 μg/mL, cytotoxic activity tests demonstrated that prosapogenin 1a exhibits a significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines using the MTT assay for the first time.

Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol dari Variasi Teh Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) Terhadap Larva Udang (Artemia salina Leach)

A research on the cytotoxic activity of several variants leaves of the soursop (Anona muricata Linn). Soursop leaf is processed into three kinds of tea leaves are green tea, black tea, oolong tea. Cytotoxic activity test was conducted using "Brine Shrimp Lethality Test". LC50 value of the three extracts of the leaves of the soursop is 102.32 ppm for ethanol extract of green tea, black tea 38.01 ppm and 63.09 ppm for oolong tea. Soursop leaf tea processing techniques can affect the cytotoxic activity.

Ethnopharmacological investigations of methanolic extract of Pouzolzia Zeylanica (L.) Benn

BackgroundPhytochemical derived from plant consisting of phenols and flavonoids possess antioxidant properties, which are useful to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the work is to ascertain the level of antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-microbial properties and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn.MethodsThe present study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-microbial potential, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extracts of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L) Benn. using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity, determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents and cytotoxic activity test using brine shrimp lethality bioassay whereas antimicrobial activity was evaluated against some potent Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity were determined by Xylene-induced ear edema and acetic acid induced writhing method respectively.ResultsPreliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloid and flavonoids in the extract. The tested fraction showed significant antioxidant activities in the assay compared to the reference ascorbic acid in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the crude methanol extract was 485.223 μg/mL, whereas IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 34.88 μg/mL. In case of nitric oxide scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the extract was 76.737 μg/mL, whereas IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 51.078 μg/mL. Moreover, at 200 μg/mL extract concentration, lower grade total antioxidant activity (160.813 ± 0.653 mg/g equivalent to ascorbic acid) was observed. Furthermore, extract showed good cupric reducing power and ferric reducing power capability. In addition, significant amount of flavonoids and low phenols content were obtained from the extract. In case of cytotoxicity test the crude extract showed a significant activity compared to the standard vincristine sulfate. In essence the tested extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity which reveals that Pouzolzia zeylanica (L) Benn. might be a source of antimicrobial agent. In case of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity the tested extracts showed dose dependent significant inhibition (78.86 and 21.95 % at 500 mg/kg doses).ConclusionsFurther study on different solvent extracts of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. would be carried out to elucidate the active principles for its outmost activity.