Cytotoxic Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cuminum cyminum Linn against Seven Human Cancer Cell Line

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Cuminum cyminum Linn ethanolic extract using in-vitro study. Following seven human cancer cell lines Colon 502713, Colo-205, Hep-2, A-549, OVCAR-5, PC-5, SF-295 were taken. The anti-cancer properties of cumin seed was determined using SRB assay. Activity was found to be 25%, 61%, 40%, 31%, 31%, 28%, 27% against SF-295, Colon 502713, Colo-205, Hep-2, A-549, OVCAR-5, PC-5 human cancer cell lines respectively. Cuminum cyminum Linn extract showed 61% maximum activity against Colon 502713 cell line. only 15 species (belonging to ten genera and nine families) have been utilized in cancer chemotherapy at a clinical level, whereas the rest of the identified species are either active against cancer cell lines or exhibit chemotherapeutic properties on tumor-bearing animals under experimental conditions. The outlook of phytochemistry based cancer therapy is discussed, particularly in the perspective of identifying immunomodulatory anti-cancer agents with minimal toxicity on healthy tissues Cuminum cyminum Linn. belongs to the family Umbelliferae. The common English name is Cumin. It is native of Mediterranean region. In India, it is cultivated mainly in the Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. The plant is a short annual herb with small pinkish flowers. The elongated oval fruit are aromatic and light brown in colour. The fruit is a good source of thymol; it is stomachic, diuretic, carminative, stimulant and astringent. It is prescribed in dyspepsia, diarrhea and hoarseness of voice. It is given for promoting secretion of milk. We studied this plant for possible anti-cancer activity using SRB assay against seven human cancer cell lines.

Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel extract on lipopolysaccharide stimulated human colon carcinoma cells

The present study investigated the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of onion peel (OPE) in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine the amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids in OPE. In addition, the influence of OPE on antioxidant- and inflammation-associated gene expression was also determined in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HT-29 cells. HPLC analysis showed that OPE contained well-known antioxidant compounds, including p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, and morin. After incubation with OPE, HT-29 cells showed either a loss of normal nuclear architecture or detachability from each other. The cytotoxic effects of OPE on HT-29 cells were confirmed by MTT and LDH release assays. LPS-induced oxidative conditions effectively downregulated TNF-α mRNA expression in OPE pretreated HT-29 cells compared with cells only stimulated with LPS. In addition, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) detoxification genes (i.e., GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) was upregulated after treatment with LPS at sublethal concentrations. However, the LPS-induced mRNA expression of HO-1 and GSTs was significantly attenuated by treatment with OPE. Therefore, onion peel extract is a promising component of future nutraceuticals and value-added products.

Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Increased Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin on Hela Cancer Cells

Moringa oleifera is a strong chemopreventive agent in several cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (EMO) alone and in combination with doxorubicin in HeLa cancer cells. Cell viability assay of EMO, doxorubicin and combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done by double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. EMO showed cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells with IC 50 >250 μg/mL. MO (5, 50 and 250 μg/mL) increased cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin compared to doxorubicin alone 100 and 200 nM. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by the combination of 250 nM doxorubicin and 250 μg/mL EMO. Single treatment of 250 μg/mL EMO showed weak apoptosis induction, while combination of 250 nM doxorubicin and 250 μg/mL EMO increased apoptosis induction of doxorubicin compared to 250 nM doxorubicin single treatment. Moringa oleifera is potentially to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer, while molecular mechanism need to be explored.

Evaluation of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri (L)

Aims: The crude ethanolic leaf extract of Bacopa monnieri (L) Penn. (family: Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated for its possible phytochemical nature (group determination of plant constituent) and selected pharmacological activities (analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activity) growing in Bangladesh. Methodology: The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing model, antidiarrhoeal activity by castor oil induced diarrheal method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri indicated the presence of reducing sugar, tannins, steroid, alkaloid, saponin and gum types of compounds. The ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has effect on acetic acid induced writhing in mice. At the dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight, the extract produced 36.69% and 59.17% writhing inhibition in test animals respectively. The results were statistically significant (p <0.01 and p <0.001) and was comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac Na, which showed 72.78% at a dose of 25 mg/kg weight. The ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has effect on castor oil induced diarrhea in mice. The result showed that the extract decreased the mean number of defecation which were 35.42 % and 47.92 % (p <0.001) at the doses of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively. The latent period for the extract treated group was increased (p <0.01) as compared to control group. The ethanolic of extract of B. monnieri showed significant toxicity to the brine shrimp nauplii. The concentrations of crude extract for 50% mortality (LC50) and 90% mortality (LC90) were 40 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, the obtained results tend to suggest the antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities of crude ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri leaves and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for pain and diarrhoea.

Evaluation of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri (L)

Evaluation of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Bacopa monnieri (L)

Preventive effect of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc on Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma cell induced malignant ascites in mice

Objective To explore cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc (EEAC) rhizome against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor bearing Swiss Albino mice. Methods In the present study, its anti-neoplastic activity has been studied by monitoring parameters like tumor weight measurement, survival time, tumor cell growth inhibition, haematological characteristics etc. Results It was found that EEAC at dose 8 mg/kg/day ( i.p.) significantly decreased tumor weight (62.0%; P <0.01), increased life span (70.25%; P <0.01) and reduced tumor cell growth rate (85.7%; P <0.01) in comparison to those of EAC bearing mice. The plant extract also improved the depleted haematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb%, differential counts ( e.g. lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes etc) of EAC bearing mice towards normal. The host toxic effects were not very high and recovered gradually towards normal within a few days after treatment. Conclusions EEAC exhibits potent in vivo cytotoxic activity against EAC tumor bearing Swiss Albino mice. So, the plant can be considered as a probable new source of antitumor agents.

Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants

Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has stimulated scientific and commercial interest in the discovery of new anticancer agents from natural sources. The current study investigates the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of sixteen Nigerian plants used locally for the treatment of cancer using the MTT assay on the HeLa cell line. Sapium ellipticum leaves showed activity comparable to the reference compound Cisplatin and greater cytotoxic activity than Combretum paniculatum, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata, Cyathula achyranthoides and Cyathula prostata. Justica extensa, Pupalia lappacea, Hedranthera barteri leaves, Alternanthera sessilis, Ethulia conyzoides leaves, Combretum zenkeri root, Sapium ellipticum stembark and Lannea nigritana stembark showed very low activity while Combretum molle, Adenanthera parvoniana and Lannea acida showed no activity. The results justify the use of Sapium, Combretum, Celosia, Drymaria and Cyathula in traditional treatment of cancer.

Induction of Apoptosis by Angelica decursiva Extract Is Associated with the Activation of Caspases in Glioma Cells

The Angelica decursiva has been used in Korean traditional medicine as an antitussive, an analgesic, an antipyretic and a cough remedy. However, its anti-tumor activity has been completely unknown. In this study, therefore, we have examined the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of Angelica decursiva root (EEAD), and the mechanism of cell death exhibited by EEAD in C6 rat glioma cells. Treatment of EEAD in C6 cells induced the apoptotic cell death in a concentrationand a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the proteolytic processing of caspase-3, -7, and -9 was increased by EEAD treatment in C6 cells. In addition, activation of caspase-3 and -7 was detected in living C6 cells by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that EEAD can induce the suppression of cell growth and cell apoptosis in C6 rat glioma cells, and therefore, that it may have potential properties for anti-tumor drug discovery.

The effects of Angelica decursiva extract in the inhibition of cell proliferation and in the induction of apoptosis in osteogenic sarcoma cells

The Angelica decursiva has been used in Korean traditional medicine as an antitussive, an analgesic, an antipyretic and a cough remedy. However, its anticancer activity has been unknown. In this study, we have examined the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of A. decursiva root (EEAD), and the mechanism by which EEAD suppresses cell growth in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells. Treatment of EEAD in Saos2 cells induced the apoptic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation analysis but not in FOB human normal osteoblast cells. Furthermore, the proteolytic processing and the activity of caspase-3 and -7 were increased by EEAD treatment in Saos2 cells. These results suggest that EEAD can induce the suppression of cell growth and cell apoptosis in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells, and therefore, it may have potential properties for anticancer drug discovery. Key words: Human osteogenic sarcoma cell, Angelica decursiva, apoptosis, caspases, anti-cancer therapy.

Assessment of the mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart. 1841) by micronucleus test in mice

A typical Brazilian plant, araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), is widely used in humans as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases such as diarrhea, rheumatism and syphilis. It contains acetogenins which present cytotoxic, antitumogenic, and antiparasitic properties. In this study, mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of araticum leaves ethanolic extract were evaluated by micronucleus test in mice. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, animals were treated with ethanolic extract of araticum (EEA) using 10, 20, 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1). For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg.kg(-1) of EEA and 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 36 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). In the mutagenicity assessment, all doses of EEA resulted in no significant increase of MNPCE (P > 0.05), compared to solvent- control group. Regarding administration time, no significant difference among three evaluation periods was observed (P > 0.05). Such results indicate that EEA did not exert mutagenic activity. Cytotoxicity was evident in doses of 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1) at 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Concerning antimutagenicity, except the 10 mg.kg(-1) co-administered with 4 mg/kg of MMC, all doses reduced significantly the frequency of MNPCE compared to the positive control group (P < 0.05). These results, therefore, indicate an antimutagenic activity of the EEA. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 100 mg.kg(-1) EEA doses co-administered with 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC.