Cytokine Profile Of Blood Serum Research Articles

Study of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) as adjuvants that enhance the immunogenicity of an antitumor vaccine

Aim of the study: to compare the antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines with the same antigens but different adjuvants: Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C); to evaluate the effect of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) on the cytokine profile of serum and the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells. Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of vaccines with different adjuvants, two transplantable tumor lines were used: melanoma B16-F10 and EG 7-OVA lymphoma (expressing ovalbumin) for C57BL/6 mice. Against melanoma B16-F10, vaccination with the peptide TRP2 180–188 with the studied adjuvants was performed in a mixed (preventive/therapeutic) and therapeutic regimens. Ovalbumin with adjuvants was vaccinated against EG 7 lymphoma in a therapeutic mode. The immunogenicity of vaccines with different adjuvants in mice without tumors was evaluated by the ELISPOT method. In this case, the peptide TRP2 180–188 and the protein ovalbumin also served as antigens. The cytokine profile of blood serum and changes in the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells after administration of Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C) were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In the B16-F10 model, vaccination in a mixed mode protected mice from tumor formation, and the mice lived for more than 100 days. For B16-F10 and EG 7, vaccination in the therapeutic mode led only to inhibition of tumor growth. Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) showed a similar ability to develop specific immunity to the peptide TRP2 and ovalbumin. Ridostin Pro increased cytokine levels in the blood serum of mice more strongly than Poly(I:C). Both drugs caused similar changes in the immunophenotype of spleen cells, but Ridostin Pro increased the number of CD 69+ T cells more strongly than Poly(I:C). Conclusion. The comparison of two drugs as adjuvants for antitumor vaccines showed that the domestic drug Ridostin Pro did not inferior in effectiveness to Poly(I:C) on mouse models. In this regard, Ridostin Pro can be considered as a promising adjuvant for antitumor vaccines and deserves further study.

Study of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) as adjuvants that enhance the immunogenicity of an antitumor vaccine

Aim of the study: to compare the antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines with the same antigens but different adjuvants: Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C); to evaluate the effect of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) on the cytokine profile of serum and the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells. Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of vaccines with different adjuvants, two transplantable tumor lines were used: melanoma B16-F10 and EG 7-OVA lymphoma (expressing ovalbumin) for C57BL/6 mice. Against melanoma B16-F10, vaccination with the peptide TRP2 180–188 with the studied adjuvants was performed in a mixed (preventive/therapeutic) and therapeutic regimens. Ovalbumin with adjuvants was vaccinated against EG 7 lymphoma in a therapeutic mode. The immunogenicity of vaccines with different adjuvants in mice without tumors was evaluated by the ELISPOT method. In this case, the peptide TRP2 180–188 and the protein ovalbumin also served as antigens. The cytokine profile of blood serum and changes in the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells after administration of Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C) were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In the B16-F10 model, vaccination in a mixed mode protected mice from tumor formation, and the mice lived for more than 100 days. For B16-F10 and EG 7, vaccination in the therapeutic mode led only to inhibition of tumor growth. Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) showed a similar ability to develop specific immunity to the peptide TRP2 and ovalbumin. Ridostin Pro increased cytokine levels in the blood serum of mice more strongly than Poly(I:C). Both drugs caused similar changes in the immunophenotype of spleen cells, but Ridostin Pro increased the number of CD 69+ T cells more strongly than Poly(I:C). Conclusion. The comparison of two drugs as adjuvants for antitumor vaccines showed that the domestic drug Ridostin Pro did not inferior in effectiveness to Poly(I:C) on mouse models. In this regard, Ridostin Pro can be considered as a promising adjuvant for antitumor vaccines and deserves further study.

Cytokine profile of patients with severe hemorrhagic fever complicated with acute renal failure

Objective: to determine the cytokine profile in blood serum in patients with severe hemorrhagic fever complicated by acute renal failure. Materials and methods. The examined persons were divided into a control group – 46 people (healthy), a group of patients with an average course of the disease – 35 people, and a group of patients with severe severity, complicated by acute renal failure – 38 people. Blood was taken from the subjects for the study of cytokines. The determination of cytokines was carried out by enzyme immunoassay using test kits in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Results. In patients with hemorrhagic fever, both with moderate and severe, there was an increase in interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 compared with the control group. However, the values of these interleukins were significantly higher in patients with severe hemorrhagic fever complicated by acute renal failure compared with the group of patients with moderate severity. The values of IL-8, IFN-γ and SDF-1α changed only in patients with severe course. At the same time, there was an increase in the expression of IL-8 and a decrease in IFN-γ compared with the control group. IL-8 and IFN-γ did not change statistically in patients who had just been admitted to the hospital, as well as in patients with an average degree of the disease. A change in the SDF-1α chemokine also turned out to be specific for patients with a severe course of the disease: its values increased in comparison with the control group. No significant changes in SDF-1α were detected in patients who had just been admitted to the hospital, as well as in the group of patients with moderate severity of the disease. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the diagnostic value of cytokine determination in severe hemorrhagic fever complicated by acute renal failure. Changes in the parameters of some cytokines, detected only in the profile of patients with severe severity, require further research to clarify their role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever, and also open up opportunities for considering them as biomarkers.

CYTOKINE PROFILE IN BLOOD SERUM OF INFERTILE MEN WITH CONCOMITANT PATHOLOGIES

The mechanisms of formation of male infertility are increasingly becoming immune-dependent. Immunological isolation of the testes is provided by the anatomical blood-testis barrier and the special tolerance of the immune system to antigens expressed on male gametes. For a better understanding of the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of infertility, a study of the role of various immune factors is required.
 The aim: to study the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum to clarify their role in spermatogenesis.
 Materials and Methods: 45 infertile men aged 22-48 were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: first group – 22 men with a systemic autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis; second group – 23 somatically healthy patients with idiopathic infertility. The control group included 27 fertile healthy men aged 22-48 years. Determination of the cytokines concentration in blood serum was carried out by the immunoenzymatic method. Student's t-test was used to compare the significant difference in mean values between groups. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
 Results. Patients with autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) had the highest rate of leukocytospermia, indicating a possible long-term inflammatory process. In patients with idiopathic infertility, oligozoospermia was diagnosed in 3 patients (13.04%), oligoasthenozoospermia in 7 patients (30.36%), asthenozoospermia in 8 patients (34.78%) and leucocytospermia in 5 patients (21.82%). In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the concentration of IL-18 (cytokine of the IL-1 family) in the blood serum of infertile men was 1.36 times higher than that of fertile men. The level of IL-6 was 6 times higher, and the concentration of IFN-γ exceeded the norm by more than three times. The level of IL-10 was 9,4 times higher than in control group. Significant changes in the serum cytokine profile were recorded in men with idiopathic infertility. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased statistically significantly: IL-18 – 1.45 times, IL-6 – 2.85 times, IFN-γ – 2.65 times. Simultaneously, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased: IL-10 – 3.0 times.
 We also analyzed the ratio of serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Significant increase in ІL-10/TNF-α ratio was recorded in men with idiopathic infertility and infertile men with rheumatoid arthritis. Specifically, in men with idiopathic infertility the ІL-10/TNF-α ratio was 3.3 times higher and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis the ІL-10/TNF-α ratio was 4.1 times higher than in control group. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis the ІL-10/ІFN-γ ratio was in 3 times higher than in control group. Significant positive correlations were found in healthy fertile men: TGF-β1 – IFN-γ, IL-10 – IL-18 and IL-10 – TNF-α. In men of the control group, the synthesis of IL-18 and TNF-α was balanced by the production of IL-10. The synthesis of IFN-γ was by balanced by the production of TGF-β1.
 Conclusions. The development of infertility associated with various accompanying pathologies is related with by changes in both systemic and local immune reactivity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine profile of blood serum and a decrease in the concentration of IL-1β are observed in patients with idiopathic infertility. The largest number of deviations of immune reactivity was found in infertile men with concomitant autoimmune diseases.

Effect of Glycodelin on the Cytokine Profile of Rats during Allogeneic Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation

The protein glycodelin (PP14, PAEP) is associated with pregnancy and exhibits pronounced immunotropic properties. We studied the effect of glycodelin on the cytokine profile of blood serum during transplantation a suspension of allogeneic red bone marrow cells to Wistar rats. Recombinant glycodelin was administered to the animals 4 times (14 μg each time). Against the background of bone marrow cell transplantation, the levels of proinflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18) and regulatory (IL-7, IL-12) cytokines and CSF (M-CSF) increased in blood serum, which indicates a systemic inflammatory response to the allograft. Glycodelin administration against the background of bone marrow cell allotransplantation led to a significant decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A on day 21 of the experiment; the concentrations of the other cytokines remained unchanged. In general, glycodelin can suppress the level of IL-17A, a marker of graft rejection, which opens perspectives for its further investigation as a potential drug.

Аnalysis of the cytokine profile of blood serum and tumor supernatants in breast cancer

Background. A crucial role in the development of cancer is played by the tumor microenvironment (TM) – a microenvironment that is formed as a result of the interaction between the tumor tissue and macroorganism cells. The concentration of TM cytokines in the blood varies depending on the activity of the tumor and the presence of a metastatic process. It is advisable to study the existing mediator imbalance of TM, its characteristic features in the process of tumor development for the diagnosis and prognosis of the tumor process.The aim. To identify markers of tumor progression in the study of tissue and serum cytokines in women diagnosed with breast cancer.Materials and methods. The object of the study is blood serum cytokines and tumor supernatants (MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, G-CSF, GM-CSF). The study involved 80 patients with breast cancer aged 50–69 years and 26 practically healthy women aged 41 to 62 years. A standard examination of women was conducted; a cytokine profile study was conducted before the appointment of therapy. To study the cytokine profile at the tissue level, tumor biopsies (n = 30) and biopsies of unchanged breast tissue (n = 6) were incubated to determine the production of MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, G-CSF, GM-CSF.Results. There was a moderate positive correlation between the stage of the disease and the level of TGF-β1, MCP-1 blood serum, a weak one – with G-CSF. In the incubated tumor tissue, a high positive correlation of cytokines on the stage of the disease is observed in growth factors: VEGF (R = 0.79; p > 0.05) and TGF-β1 (R = 0.61; p > 0.05).Conclusion. The study revealed the characteristic features of the cytokine profile of blood serum and tumor tissue in breast cancer at local and widespread stages. The revealed differences in the level of cytokines should be used as additional diagnostic indicators of the degree of activity and prevalence of the tumor process.

STATE OF CYTOKINE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH ADENOMYOSIS

Introduction. Adenomyosis is an important problem of modern gynecology, which causes significant fertility declines, leads to disability, dysfunction of adjacent organs, decreased quality of life of women. Objective: to study the state of cytokine profile in patients with adenomyosis.Material and methods. 35 female patients of whom 20 (57.1 %) with adenomyosis of I degree (study group) and 15 (42.9%) healthy female patients (control group) were examined. We determined the content of cathelicidin (LL-37) and β-defensin IL-1β, 4, 6, 10, 18, TFN-α, VEGF in blood serum, cervical mucus and uterine lavage by immunoenzyme method. To assess cytokine imbalance, we used a ratio between IL-1β/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10, TFN-α/IL-10, IL-4/ IFN-γ. Local immunity was studied in women depending on the presence of genital pathogens. In cervical mucus, we determined the presence of HSV-1.2, CMV by the PCR method. In peripheral blood - the presence of HSV-1.2, CMV specific IgM, IgG.Results. Determination of DNA of HSV1.2, CMV pathogens by PCR analysis of cervical mucus of patients with adenomyosis showed the presence of mono-viral contamination of HSV1.2 and CMV in 40 % of cases. Moreover, HSV1.2 was detected 1.7 times more frequently than CMV (p<0.05). The proportion of mixt-viral contamination (HSV1.2+CMV) was 20 %.Six (30 %) patients with adenomyosis had an increased IgG titer against HSV1,2, five (25 %) had an increased IgG titer against CMV. No IgM against HSV1.2, CMV was detected. The study of cytokine profile in blood serum of patients with adenomyosis revealed a statistically significant increase in the level of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The increase in proinflammatory cytokines was less significant, and the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines was more significant, especially IL-10, indicating a cytokine imbalance with Th2-type cytokines predominating. In addition, in women with adenomyosis, an increase in the concentration of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed in cervical mucus and uterine lavage, and the dynamics correlated with the values in blood serum; the degree of increase exceeded the values in blood serum. An increase of angiogenesis factor (VEGF) both in blood serum and locally may contribute to activation of vascular growth and ectopic endometrium. On the one hand, antimicrobial peptides decrease in blood serum and to a greater extent locally (defensin in cervical mucus: 384.5±39.1 pg/ml, in uterine lavage 252.2±24.8 pg/ml; in the control group – 447.1±45.3 pg/ml, 446.2±39.3 pg/ml, respectively; ±6.8 pg/ml, in the control group – 62.2±6.1 pg/ml. In all probability, these immune changes through the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition stimulate the migration of endometrial cells to the myometrium; endocrine imbalance may also contribute to this.Conclusions. The results of the studies showed a pronounced imbalance of the cytokine profile in patients with adenomyosis in case of genital infection. Immune disorders formed against the background of viral pathogens can contribute to the penetration of the endometrium into the myometrium and the development of the disease. The subject for further research should be the search for adequate therapeutic approaches aimed at the regulation of increased proliferation and invasion of the endometrium.

Cytokine profile of chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the most common immunological ENT disease, which has several phenotypes. The heterogeneity of CRS is due to the peculiarities of their pathogenetic mechanisms - the system of cytokines plays the crucial significance. They are biologically active substances and present regulatory peptides that demonstrate an immunomodulatory and regulatory effects not only in the local level but the system level as well. To determine specific features of the cytokine profile in blood serum among patients with CRS without polyps (CRSwP). Serum cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, GM-CSF) were defined in 75 patients: 32 patients with CRSwP were operated (main group) - 17 with cyst of maxillary sinus, 15 with edema of the maxillary sinuses. The control group - 43 patients were under surgery for a deviated nasal septum (septoplasty). The groups were comparable to gender and age. The cytokines detection rate was different in all groups. IL-4 (detection rate 93.3-95.3%) and IFN-γ (79.1-86.7%) were measured nearly the all groups. IL-8 (73.3-76.5%) and IL-17 (76.5-80.0%) were often measured in the group with CRSwP; in contrast to the control group - these indicators were lower: 60.5% and 65.5%, respectively. IL-1α (82.4%) and IFN-α2 (76.5%) were often detected in CRS with cystic formations. IL-1β, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 were measured in all groups in less than 30% of patients; IL-2 and IL-6 - in the group of CRS with cystic formation; IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-13 in the group with edema of maxillary sinuses. In a quantitative comparison of the concentration of cytokines. Significant differences in concentration of cytokines between the groups were not obtained (p>0.05) in terms of quantity. CRSwP with cystic formation is characterized by the development of T2 type immune response and a higher inflammation-related tissue damage.

CYTOKINE PROFILE OF BLOOD PLASMA AND ORAL FLUID IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ODONTOGENIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

This article is devoted to the study of the cytokine profile of blood serum and oral fluid, as well as the level of mucosal immunity in pregnant women with odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. It was revealed that a comprehensive assessment of the condition of pregnant women indicates a combined effect of adverse factors on the oral cavity tissues, namely: a low level of oral hygiene, a decrease in the functional activity of the salivary glands, accompanied by a change in the properties of the secretion, in particular, the surface tension of saliva; suppression of local mucosal immunity of the mouth; increased degree of microbial contamination.

Интерлейкиновый профиль у детей с острым бронхиолитом (предварительные данные)

Study Objective: To find out the cytokine profile in blood serum of children with acute bronchiolitis. Study Design: Comparative study. Materials and Methods. We examined 52 patients aged 1 to 12 months who were hospitalised to Pulmonary Department with acute bronchiolitis and respiratory distress of various severity. All children had interleukins (IL) 4, 6, and 18 in their blood measured. Study Results. Patients demonstrated some trends in changes in their cytokine profile changes depending on respiratory distress severity. We have found direct correlations between high IL-18 levels and respiratory distress (r = 0.86), and between a history of allergies and high IL-4 levels (r = 0.78). Patients with rhinovirus had higher IL-6 values at any respiratory distress severity vs children with rhinosyncytial viral infection, who had higher IL-18 level. Conclusion. Acute bronchiolitis is characterised by a clear pattern of interleukin expression depending on presence of confounding factors impacting the course of disease and respiratory distress severity. Patients with bronchiolitis had marked changes in their cytokine profile depending on respiratory distress severity: increased IL-18 concentration and reduced IL-4 levels. Such changes in interleukin concentrations can be used as markers in forecasting the course of pathological process. Keywords: bronchiolitis, interleukins, respiratory distress.

Rehabilitation of patients with chronic pyelonephritis using mineral waters

Relevance. The study of alternative non-drug methods of rehabilitation therapy is an important task in the preventive direction of rehabilitation medicine. An important role in rehabilitation measures to prevent relapse of nephrolithiasis is therapy with the use of balneological therapeutic factors. The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy in patients with chronic pyelonephritis with the use of Serebryaniy klyuch mineral water.
 Materials and research methods. The basis of the work is the analysis of data from examination and treatment of 48 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of latent inflammation. All patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the 1st group (n = 23) were prescribed antibacterial, antispasmodic, herbal medicine and drinking fresh water. In addition to standard therapy, patients of the 2nd main group (n = 25) were prescribed 300350 ml of Serebryaniy klyuch mineral water 3040 minutes before meals up to 2 liters per day at a temperature of 3940 C.
 Results. In patients of the 2nd group in 91.4% of cases, curation of the clinical signs of the disease was noted, pathogens were eliminated in 100% of patients. At the same time, normalization of cytokine homeostasis and humoral immunity was observed, which contributed to a decrease in interstitial edema and normalization of renal vascular tone.
 Conclusion. The internal intake of Serebryaniy klyuch mineral water in the rehabilitation therapy of patients with chronic pyelonephritis has a positive effect on the elimination of the clinical manifestations of the disease, increases the percentage of sterile urine culture, improves the basal blood flow in the kidneys, the immune status of patients, the cytokine profile of blood serum and there by increases the duration of the full clinical and laboratory remission in this category of patients.

Blood Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IFNγ) in Patients with Uterine Myoma.

We analyzed cytokine profile in blood serum of patients with uterine myoma and revealed significantly reduced level of IFNγ and a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of IL-1β and TNFα; the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 did not differ from those in healthy women. The drop in the concentrations of factors responsible for inflammation and angiogenesis in tissues are unfavorable for proliferation and differentiation of the uterine tissues.

Features of the cytokine profile of blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with traumatic brain injury

Features of the cytokine profile of blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with traumatic brain injury

Characteristic of the rats' immune status during vitamin and mineral deficiency

The article presents the results of rats' immune status evaluation in conditions of different levels of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6) and minerals (Fe3+ and Mg2+) supplying. Male Wistar rats (with initial body weight 90-110 g) within 65 days received model diets with 75, 30 and 19% content of the essential substances, females (with initial body weight 56-76 g) received diets with 75, 28 and 18% content. Some indicators of humoral and cellular immunity, including leukocyte count, lysozyme serum activity, IgG and IgE level, cytokine profile of blood serum and of the masses of the immune system internal organs have been examined. It has been shown that the decrease in the content of B vitamins, iron and magnesium in the diet didn't cause complex changes of the rats' immune status, therefore, the proposed model of adaptive potential change is not optimal for studying of immune system condtion. The extensive research of the immune status of rats (18 studied indicators, a sample of 90 males and 90 females) allows to set the range of physiological fluctuations of these indexes in Wistar rats of the corresponding gender and age.

Systemic and Local Cytokine Profile following Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Multiplex Analysis.

Our study of the changes in cytokine profile in blood serum and in the spinal cord after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown that an inflammatory reaction and immunological response are not limited to the CNS, but widespread. This fact was confirmed by changes detected in a cytokine profile in blood serum samples [MIP-1α, interleukin 1 (IL-1) α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES]. There were also changes in the levels of MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18, GM-colony-stimulating factor, IL-17α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, MCP-1, and GRO KC CINC-1 in samples of the rat injured spinal cord. The results underscore the complex cytokine network imbalance exhibited after SCI and show significant changes in the concentrations of 14 cytokines/chemokines with different inflammatory and immunological activities.

Cytokine profile in children with newly diagnosed tuberculosis

Nowadays, the most important task of children's phthisiology is to increase the effectiveness of children with tuberculosis treatment, and in the first priority should be given to the first time diagnosed tuberculosis (FTDTB). Examination of the immune system state by cytokine profile in blood serum studying is paid to sufficient attention, as cytokines are the system which regulates the entire complex of organism protective reactions, and immunological dysregulation is the cause of pathological process increasing. There few data of the cytokine profile state studying in children with FTDTB inUkraine in the available literature and various combinations of cytokines comprehensively with other immunological parameters are studied. According to our studies of the blood serum cytokine profile state in adult patients with tuberculosis, the reliable indices of immune system changes are interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. The aim of the work is to study the indicators of blood serum cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10) in children with FTDTB. Materials and methods. The study of the cytokine profile indicators has been performed in 28 children with FTDTB, aged from 1 to 16 years old (an average age was 9.2 ± 1.1 years). The indicators of the cytokine profile were studied by researching the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 in blood serum by ELISA technique on the equipment of Sirio S immuno-enzyme reader using “Bender MedSystems GmbH” (Austria) kit (pkg/ml). These indicators were evaluated at the beginning of antimycobacterial therapy intensive phase. Results . Despite the fact that according to the data from BCG vaccination, 42.8 % of children suffering from FTDTB had full immunity, the changes of cytokine profile indicators at the beginning of the disease were determined in 96.4 % of cases. The peculiarities of cytokine profile changes in sick children were a significant decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 and decrease in the content of IL-6. With a decrease in immunity to tuberculosis infection created by BCG vaccine, a significant increase in IL-2 level in blood serum was determined. Conclusions . The obtained data indicate that activation of Th1-type cell-mediated immune response (increase in IL-2 content and imbalance of cytokines with the prevalence of its production) is determined in children with FTDTB at the beginning of treatment, and the specific process does not have an active inflammatory reaction which is the cause of its progression (low content of IL-6). Therefore, in this category of children the factors of tuberculosis favorable course are determined at the beginning of treatment.

Association of Toll-Like Cell Receptors TLR2 (p.Arg753GLN) and TLR4 (p.Asp299GLY) Polymorphisms with Indicators of General and Local Immunity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

A whole group of polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier, immune responses, and their regulation is important in the formation of atopic phenotype. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship of polymorphisms of genes of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 with clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dermatitis patients in a “case-control” study. Polymorphisms of genes TLR2 (p.Arg753Gln) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly) were detected by PCR. Parameters of the state of innate and adaptive immunity were assessed by the level of local production of sIgA, cytokine profile of blood serum for IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Biological samples from 50 people with allergic pathology, aged 4.5 to 35 years, and 100 healthy individuals (controls) were analyzed. Observed dysregulation of cytokine production (IL-4, IL-10) in patients with heterozygous polymorphic genotypes probably reflects an imbalance of Th1/Th2/Th17 regulation of immune system response in these individuals.

Parameters of innate and adaptive immune response in children with virus-induced and allergen-induced bronchial asthma phenotypes

Aim. To analyze the immune mechanisms of activation of virus-induced and allergen-induced bronchial asthma phenotypes in children. Materials and м ethods. We have performed an integrated assessment of parameters of innate and acquired immunity in 98 children with bronchial asthma (BA) at the age of 3–11 years in groups with virus-induced (n = 49) and allergen-induced (n = 49) phenotypes. Bronchial asthma phenotypes were verified in accordance with PRACTALL international consensus report (2008). Study exclusion criteria were: severe course of bronchial asthma and application of immunocorrecting drugs during preceding six months. To analyze immune competent cells we used flow cytofluorometer COULTER EPICS XL by Beckman Coulter Inc. Cytokine levels were identified using immunoenzyme method and reagents by R & D Diagnostics Inc. (USA); IgE – using reagents by Alkor Bio company (Saint-Petersburg); production of cytokines – using reagents by VektorBest (Novosibirsk city). Statistical processing of data was performed by Statistica. 10 program with critical significance level p < 0,05, correlations were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results. Children with bronchial asthma showed enhanced expression of T-lymphocyte activation marker HLA–DR+(р < 0,05) with reduced level of CD3+CD95+- (р < 0,01), high level of serum IgE (р < 0,01), the inverse correlation between serum levels of IFNγ and IgE (r = –0,16), IFNγ and IL-13 (r = –0,25), direct correlation between IL-17A and IgE (r = 0,48), IgE and IL-13 (r = 0,56). The children with allergeninduced BA phenotype showed low expression of CD95+ on T-lymphocyte cells, predominance of Тh-2 profile cytokines, high mitogen-induced production of IL-4 and low induction of IFNγ production. Levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, natural killers, expression of activation markers and CD95+ on T-lymphocyte cells and mitogen-induced synthesis of IFNγ by cells in children with virus-induced BA phenotype were lower than the same indices in healthy children (at р < 0,05; р < 0,01; р < 0,05; р < 0,01; р < 0,01). Levels of leucocytes, neutrocytes, absolute number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, B-lymphocytes (р < 0,001) and Th-2 – Th-17 cytokine profile in blood serum in this group were higher than the same indices in children with allergen-induced phenotype. Conclusion. Children with virus-induced BA phenotype showed presence of immune-mediated factors predisposing them to persistent viral infections and initiation of body sensibilization with development of eosinophilic inflammation, such as impairment of cellular cytotoxicity, predominance of Th-2 – Th-17 profile cytokines, inhibition of induction of IFNγ production by blood cells. The changes of thr adaptive response system in children with activation of allergen-induced BA phenotype are characterized by enhanced proliferation, inhibition of negative regulation processes, activation of synthesis of Th2 profile cytokines, and enhanced synthesis of IgE.

Influence of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N, N-Dimethyl-Alpha-(2-Methylpropyl) Ciclo Butanmethanamine (Sibutramine) to the Cytokine Profile of Blood Serum at Experimental Insulin Resistance in Rats

Influence of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N, N-Dimethyl-Alpha-(2-Methylpropyl) Ciclo Butanmethanamine (Sibutramine) to the Cytokine Profile of Blood Serum at Experimental Insulin Resistance in Rats

Cytokine profile in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by immune reactivity against microbial and auto-antigens. This work was designed to study the cytokine profile in blood serum and coproextracts of children with CD and UC. The studied patients consisted of 17 children with CD (group I), 17 children with UC (group II), and 18 controls with intestinal dysbiosis (group III). The diagnosis of UC and CD was based on accepted clinical and endoscopic criteria. The levels of 13 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) were determined in blood sera and coproextracts of the patients and controls using the BioPlex technology. The level of IL-17A was significantly increased and that of TGF-β was significantly decreased in the blood serum of the patients with IBDs. Changes in the cytokine profile in the coproextracts affected the wider spectrum of cytokines. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were increased 6-9-fold, whereas the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased 3-fold. The cytokine balance was shifted to the proinflammatory cytokines. The TGF-β level was increased 9-fold and that of IL-17A was increased 3-fold. Thus, the cytokine profile in the coproextracts was more informative than that of the blood serum. The determination of cytokines in coproextracts is simple and noninvasive.