Cyst-like Formation Research Articles

Патофизиологические механизмы экспериментального одонтогенного верхнечелюстного синусита

This item offers a view on the outcomes of an experimental study involving an animal model, while the study was aimed at clarifying the clinical and morphological changes taking place in the maxillary tissues in case of odontogenic inflammation. The experiment was carried out on 30 guinea-pigs, where each of these had its right-side maxillary sinus as experimental, while the left side was observed as control. The simulated odontogenic infection focus in maxillary paradontium tissues was shown to cause purulent inflammation in the paranasal sinuses on the two sides, both in the intact and in the sensibilized animals, while in the sensibilized ones the pathology in the mucosa resulted in cyst-like formation development.

Optic Nerve Cyst-like Formation Presenting as a Delayed Complication of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration

Two patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension underwent optic nerve sheath fenestration. One patient developed decreased vision and choroidal folds 1 month postoperatively. The other patient developed proptosis and pain 9 months postoperatively. Neuroimaging showed a cyst-like structure adjacent to the optic nerve in each patient. In each case, symptoms and signs resolved after surgical excision of the structure.

Bipartite os Centrale Carpi in a Patient with the First Metacarpal Bone Fracture

Bipartite os Centrale Carpi in a Patient with the First Metacarpal Bone Fracture

Hormone supplying renal cell sheet in vivo produced by tissue engineering technology.

Regenerative medicine is a new medical field and is expected to have a profoundly positive effect in curing difficult-to-treat diseases. Cell sheet fabrication is an important tissue engineering technology used in regenerative medicine. This study investigated the creation of a hormone-releasing tissue using cell sheet technology, which could be utilized in future therapy for chronic renal disease. Renal cell sheets were fabricated on a temperature-responsive cell culture surface with primary renal cells from adult porcine kidney. These sheets contained various kinds of renal cells that showed cyst-like formation. An important renal function is the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and this was confirmed in the cell sheets in vitro. Erythropoietin (EPO) production is another important renal function. This ability was also observed in the renal cell sheets in vitro, and then again after transplantation in a nude rat. In particular, the relative expression of EPO mRNA increased more under cell sheet culture conditions compared with exponential cell growth conditions. Histological analysis of the implanted renal cell sheets showed them to be Dolichos biflorus agglutinin-positive and to have regenerated renal tubular-like morphology. These results indicated that both functional and morphological regenerative renal tissues were fabricated by cell sheet technology. This study introduces a hormone-supplying treatment for renal dysfunctional diseases using engineered renal tissues. Moreover, since our renal cell sheets developed renal tubular-like structures in vivo, it holds promise for fabricating artificially engineered true renal tissue in the future.

Structural Abnormalities of the Pulmonary Trunk in Tetralogy of Fallot and Potential Clinical Implications: A Morphological Study

The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrinsic histological abnormalities of the pulmonary trunk (PT) are present from birth and interact with palliative surgery and/or repair. Little is known about PT histology in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), especially in the era of surgical intervention in childhood. We studied 39 formalin-fixed necropsy heart specimens with TOF and compared them with 17 normal control heart specimens. Sections of the PT and aorta were studied by light microscopy using various stains; histological findings were graded according to severity. Among the TOF group (1 fetus, 11 infants, 14 children, and 13 adults), 11 patients had undergone palliative and 10 patients had undergone reparative surgery at a median age of 8 years (range 2.5 to 18 years). Histological changes of grade 2 or higher were present in 59% (medionecrosis), 36% (fibrosis), 56% (cystlike formation), and 56% (abnormal elastic tissue configuration) of TOF patients. Total histology grading scores were higher in TOF hearts (median 6, range 1 to 9) compared with controls (median 1, range 0 to 6; p < 0.0001). Histological abnormalities were present among infants (median score 3.5, range 1 to 9) and after palliative surgery (median score 5, range 2 to 9) or repair (median score 7.5, range 4 to 9). Marked histological abnormalities in the PT of hearts with TOF exist compared with controls. These changes were present from infancy and among patients who had undergone palliative or reparative surgery, although operations in this cohort were performed late. Our data suggest that structural abnormalities of the PT, similar to these recently shown in the aorta, are intrinsic.

Leech in the epiglottis: An unusual discovery in our times

A 76-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history arrived at the emergency room of “Punta de Europa” Hospital, complaining of slight blood emissions from the mouth on 2 previous occasions, which were within a few days of each other. She did not complain of dyspnea or hemoptysis. A general clinical examination showed that her chest was normal, as was routine analysis. An otolaryngologic examination was requested, and a dark brown, cyst-like formation was found on the laryngeal face of the epiglottis, close to the forward commissure. The patient was asked again if she was taking anticoagulant, analgesic, or anti-inflammatory drugs, or if there had been any trauma related to the appearance of the blood-containing flictene. Her reply was negative, so she was asked if she had had any contact with water possibly contaminated with leeches, to which her reply was also negative. Because of the rarity and location of the wound, other members of the otolaryngology staff were asked to examine the patient. During an indirect laryngoscopy the “wound” was observed to move, which indicated a possibility of contact with contaminated water. When questioned in front of relatives, who had been previously warned about the possibility of leech infestation, our patient responded that she had been drinking water throughout her entire life from the same spring, which was located about 20 km from the town and was frequented at times by her whole family. Under local anesthetic via indirect laryngoscope and with a pair of larynx biopsy tweezers, we proceeded to extract the parasite, which was completely detached because of the pressure applied and showed normal signs of vitality (Fig 1). The patient was discharged and returned a few days later to have her larynx and the area where the leech had been attached checked. Leeches are classified as a species of phylum Annelida, similar to annelids. Leech infestation is known as hirudiniasis. Internal hyrundiniosis occurs either as a result of the intake of water contaminated with aquatic

Root surface colonization of non-cereal crop plants by pleomorphic Azospirillum brasilense Cd

Summary: Root surface colonization byAzospirillum brasilenseCd of tomato, pepper and cotton plants under normal growth conditions and soybean plants under normal and water-stress conditions was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and bacterial counts.A. brasilenseCd was capable of efficiently colonizing the elongation and root-hair zones of all four plant species tested. In these zones, the bacteria mainly colonized the root surface (tomato, soybean), root-hairs (pepper), or both (cotton), by single cells (tomato, soybean), micro-aggregates (pepper), or a combination of the two (cotton). All inoculated plants demonstrated (i) larger amounts of mucigel-like substance on the root surface than non-inoculated plants and (ii) fibrillar material which anchored the bacterial cells to the root surface and established connections between cells within bacterial aggregates. On non-water-stressed soybean plants, mostA. brasilenseCd cells in the rhizosphere occurred as vibroid forms whereas those on water-stressed plants (wilting) were cyst-like. A lower rhizosphere bacterial population was observed on water-stressed plants. When water-stress conditions were eliminated, the bacterial cells reverted to the vibroid form and a concomitant increase in the bacterial population was observed. It is suggested that cyst-like formation is a natural response forA. brasilenseCd in the rhizosphere of water-stressed plants.

Renal involvement in AIDS: sonographic-pathologic correlation.

Renal sonography was performed in 36 patients with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of AIDS, usually because of deteriorating renal function. In 15 patients, histopathologic specimens were reviewed to characterize renal pathologic changes underlying the sonographic findings. Sonographic evaluation included determination of renal size and cortical echogenicity according to a standard grading system. Pathologic specimens were evaluated for tubular and glomerular abnormalities. Sonography showed either normal-sized or enlarged kidneys with grade I cortical echogenicity in 13 patients (36%), grade II in three patients (8%), and grade III in five patients (14%). Fifteen patients (42%) had normal renal echogenicity. In addition to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis the pathologic examination showed different degrees of tubular abnormalities. Striking, irregularly dilated, infolded tubules with flattened epithelium and intratubular deposits of proteinaceous material, and sometimes cystlike formation involving the medulla and cortex, were seen in two patients with grade III kidneys, and mild dilatation of the tubules was seen in four patients with grade I disease. Moderate tubular dilatation was observed in one patient with grade I disease. No significant tubular abnormality was seen in one patient with grade I disease or in seven patients with normal renal echogenicity. Although glomerular changes contribute to the increase in renal echogenicity, we postulate that the main factors responsible for the increased echogenicity in AIDS nephropathy are the striking tubular abnormalities seen in these patients.

Ultrastructural studies in a case of hepatoblastoma

An ullrastruclural study of a hepatoblastoma tuas performed in a five year old boy. The epithelial cells of the tumor showed signs of immaturity revealed by markedly altered mitochondria and poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum, most of it arranged in a ringlike fashion around the mitochondria. No glycogen was found and the vascular pole of the hepatocytes showed no microvilli, but dense material was attached to the cell membrane. The Golgi apparatus was hypertrophied and dense granules were seen nearby. Some cells disclosed a, cystlike formation lined by cilia.

A Case of Developmental Cystic Lung in an Infant

(1) The greater part of the right lung was involved in the cystic condition with a disorderly arrangement of the bronchi. The number of lobes was increased. (2) The lung was a mass of thin walled cysts of irregular shape and size. Many of the cysts communicated with each other and some of them led into small bronchi. (3) Histologically the cystic condition was due to an abnormal arrangement both of air spaces and of bronchi. (4) This variety of cystic lung resembled the honeycomb variety of the multiple small cyst group of Sellor's classification—that is a cyst-like formation which is mesh-like in character, exhibiting a series of polygonal spaces bounded by fine septa and showing practically nothing of the natural configuration of lung tissue.

CYSTLIKE CAVITY IN THE NASOPHARYNX

In studying a postmortem specimen of an adult male, I noticed a peculiar condition in the nasopharynx. Instead of the mucosa being closely adherent to the bony vault of the pharynx, a cystlike formation was present in this region. It was attached in the midline to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone, just underneath the caudal portion of the sinus (sphenoid). Just lateral to each side was the fossa of Rosenmuller and the torus tubarius. As far as could be determined, there was no connection with the sphenoid sinus, nor was there any tract leading from it toward the sella turcica. The floor of the sinus was smooth and level, not showing any bulging upward. In the dependent portion of the cavity was an opening leading into the nasopharynx. It was smooth and rounded and approximately 3 mm. in diameter. The cavity was oval-shaped from above down.