Cystic Structures Research Articles

Study the percentage of infection with intestinal parasites in dogs in salahaldin prevence

The study examined 137 stray dogs from both sexes and aged 3 months - 3 years old, included 127 stray dogs and 10 dogs clinically normal, served as a control group. Clinical signs were observed, the percentage of infection with intestinal parasites was 49.60%, was diagnosed with worms Toxocara canis 32.28%, Toxascaris leonine 25.19%, and Taenia pisiformis 27.55%, and Moniezia sp. 37.79%, and Dipylidium caninum 19.68%, and Diphyllobothrium sp. 24.40% and oocysts each of Isospora spp. 13.38%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 16.53%. histopathological examination of the intestines showed transformation the columnor epithelial cells to the spherical or semi-spherical shape and also alienation the villi in the intestinal cavity, with the infilteration of large numbers of inflammatory white blood cells inside the core of the villi also appeared in the lamina propria, agreat number of lymphocytes inflammatory cells with appearance of parasitic spherical cystic structures of worm Toxocara canis in the submucosal layer and between fibers of smooth muscle

Nonsalivary Primary Adenocarcinomas of the Base of the Tongue: A Single Tertiary-Care Oncology Center Series of 6 Cases.

Nonsalivary primary adenocarcinomas of the base of the tongue (PABOTs) are extremely rare and worth reporting. To study the detailed clinicopathologic features of PABOT. Cases of PABOT diagnosed on pathology material were retrieved from the archived electronic surgical pathology records. Six cases in 4 men and 2 women (M:F ratio, 2:1), with an age range of 31 to 76 years, satisfied the criteria. The tumor epicenter was the base of the tongue in all (6 of 6; 100%), with extension to the epiglottis in 50% (3 of 6), nodal metastasis in 66.7% (4 of 6), and distant metastasis in 33.3% (2 of 6). On histology, all but one were pure adenocarcinoma. Five of 6 cases (83.3%) had a gastrointestinal (GI) phenotype, of which 2 (40%) had a colonic/lower-GI-type (small groups of cells floating in mucin, CK20+, SATB2+, and CDX2+) and 3 (60%) had an upper-GI-like adenocarcinoma (UGI-LA; malignant glands with intracellular mucin, CK7+) histology. Cystic structure suggestive of teratomatous origin was identified in 2 of 5 cases (40%), both with UGI-LA phenotype. The non-GI-type case had a unique histology with squamous differentiation in addition to adenocarcinoma areas, diffuse nuclear β-catenin on immunohistochemistry, and a corresponding exon 3 CTNNB1 mutation. One patient succumbed to disease, and 4 are alive with disease (follow-up of 1-9 months after completion of therapy). We suggest using the broad term primary adenocarcinomas of the base of tongue (PABOTs), which can be further subdivided into colonic-type adenocarcinoma of the tongue and oral cavity, UGI-LA, and not otherwise specified categories, and reiterate a need for recognition and distinction of PABOT from salivary gland tumors. A subset originates from teratoid/duplication cysts, necessitating extensive sampling. Multicentric studies are essential to clinically and biologically prognosticate each of these categories.

Parasagittal Cystic Lesions May Arise from the Pial Sheath around the Cortical Venous Wall.

It has been reported that perivenous cystic structures near the parasagittal dura are associated with the leakage of gadolinium-based contrast agents at 4 hours after intravenous administration. The origin of such cystic structures remains unknown. While reading many cases of MR cisternography, we noticed that some of the cystic structures appeared to connect to the perivenous subpial space. This new imaging finding might facilitate future research of the waste clearance system for the central nervous system.

A large abdominal cyst in a neonate

Gastrointestinal (enteric) duplication consists of a tubular or cystic structure that develops along the intestinal tube, with an estimated incidence of 1/10,000 in live births and 1/4500 in necropsies of neonates and fetuses. This congenital anomaly can appear in any portion of the intestinal tract; from the mouth to the rectum, with the ileum being the most common location. We herein report the case of a 5-day-old patient with a prenatal diagnosis of megacolon or mesenteric cyst. At laparotomy, a cystic mass attached to the terminal ileum was noted approximately 5 cm from the ileo-caecal valve. This mass was entirely resected and pathology studies classified the specimen as Type 1B intestinal duplication according to the Long classification. Intestinal duplications are rare abnormalities of the embryological development of the gastrointestinal tract and usually present in childhood. The diagnosis can be made during antenatal follow-up. They can be asymptomatic or present with a variety of symptoms in relation to the location, the age of the patient or complications of the duplication. The diagnosis is suggested by abdominal X-rays and ultrasonography, and computerized axial tomography scan with contrast studies, but the definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination of the surgical specimen.

PS-BPR01-5: DOPAMINE-SECRETING PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: AN OVERLOOKED CAUSE OF INCIDENTALLY DISCOVERED ADRENAL TUMOR AND NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE

A 64-year-old woman with a history of chronic thyroiditis and no family history of endocrine disease was incidentally determined to have a left retroperitoneal mass on abdominal ultrasonography. A subsequent abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 5.6 × 5.1 × 10.6 cm left adrenal tumor (10–50 Hounsfield Units of CT attenuation value), which showed marginal irregularity and an internal cystic structure [Figure 1A]. She was admitted to our hospital for further investigation of a suspected adrenocortical carcinoma. On admission, she was normotensive and had no symptoms of catecholamine excess. The 24-hour urine catecholamine level showed normal norepinephrine (122.9 ug/day), epinephrine (24.3 ug/day), whereas markedly elevated dopamine (148,212.4 ug/day). 123I-MIBG scintigraphy revealed tumor uptake. After alpha-blockade as preoperative management, she successfully underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy and was finally diagnosed with an exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma. The tumor was histologically comprised of small polygonal cells with high cellularity and was immunohistochemically positive for all three catecholamine synthesizing enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase (very weak), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (heterogeneous), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (very weak). Electron microscopy revealed very few catecholamine-containing small vesicles with a few organelles, which reflected immature cells. No biochemical or imaging evidence of recurrence or metastasis was evident 1 year after the surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma in which immunostaining of catecholamine synthetic enzymes and electron microscopy of tumor tissues were performed together to identify the mechanism underlying a dopamine-secreting PPGL. The purpose of this report was to identify the mechanism underlying a dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma from the histopathological findings. We also discuss the reasons for the lack of catecholamine excess symptoms, whether preoperative management of alpha-blockade is needed, and the association between the prognosis and genetic mutation with an extensive literature review. JOURNAL/jhype/04.03/00004872-202301001-00862/figure1/v/2023-10-24T163949Z/r/image-jpeg

Macroscopical and microscopical findings of polycystic kidney disease in a cat

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (AD-PKD) is a genetic feline disease characterized by fluid-filled cysts formation in one or both kidneys. Persians and Persian-related cats can be affected. A five-year-old male Persian cat weighing 6.5 kg with severe bilateral abdominal swelling was referred to the Clinic. Radiography and ultrasonography were performed. Finally, the cat was euthanized due to the severity of clinical signs, and necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, cystic structures filled with eosinophilic material lined by cuboidal or squamous epithelium were seen. Based on ultrasonographic images, clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, this disease was diagnosed polycystic kidney disease.

Intermediate malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a rare clinical case report

Background: Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (MCPM) is an uncommon mesothelium-related neoplasm, representing 3%-5% of peritoneal mesotheliomas. The annual incidence rate is 2 per 1,000,000. Typically, it is discovered unintentionally and accompanied by subacute abdominal pain. Surgery is the initial treatment option and involves the removal of cysts entirely from the body. In our case we describe an uncommon clinical and radiological presentation of this rare clinical entity. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 48-year-old male who presented with severe abdominal pain. The computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a septate pluriconcameral oval formation, hyperdense, suprahydric density content. The patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy. Numerous cystic structures were discovered. A histopathological examination revealed the MCPM. The patient was discharged and pursued follow-up at a specialized center. Conclusion: MPCM is a neoplasm whose pathophysiology is yet unknown, due to the lack of longitudinal studies and its rarity. Further studies are necessary to improve the treatment and management of the patients.

Coccidian infestation in cultured common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus)

Coccidia is a spore-forming obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes disease in many fish species. This study aimed to diagnose a parasitic disease case that affected a common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) with a high mortality rate. The samples prepared from the internal organs of the diseased fish and the gills and muscle tissues were examined parasitologically using histological methods, a light microscope, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). No parasites or parasitic formations were found in the wet mount preparations. The presence of parasitic spores (1-1,5 x 0.3-0.7 μm) was detected towards the intestinal tissue between the intestinal microvilli of fish in the electron microscopy study. On the other hand, histological examination showed that a cystic structure full of spores (sporocyst) 550-750 μm in size developed in the abdominal muscles of the infected fish. At the same time, there were no such structures in the intestines. As a result, since the parasite spores observed in the diseased fish are very small, they settle in the cell and pass through the intestines by forming cysts in the abdominal muscles. They were identified as Coccidian sp. because of their similar morphology to those of the parasites in the Coccidian group. Coccidian infestation was detected in this fish species for the first time in this study. However, detecting the spores' entrance through the fish's intestines in the early stage and observing a small number of sporocyst structures suggest that the disease is in the development stage.

Splenic lymphangioma in adult patient treated with laparoscopic splenectomy: A rare case report

Splenic lymphangioma is a benign cystic tumor that develops as a result of lymphatic vessels' congenital abnormalities. It is a rare condition that mostly occurs in children and young adults. Due to the lack of typical symptoms and signs, splenic lymphangioma is difficult to diagnose and often incidentally revealed during radiological examinations. We report a case of a 55-year-old Asian female, who presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain in the past 3 days. She had mild upper abdominal tenderness, with no other specific findings. Abdominal contrast material-enhanced computed tomography revealed three hypodense lesions arising from a normal-sized spleen. The histologic findings after laparoscopic splenectomy demonstrated a 3-cm-diameter yellowish-white tumor made up of multiple cystic structures. Primary benign splenic tumors are exceedingly rare, especially in adults over 20. While small lesions are mostly asymptomatic, bigger lesions can cause organ compression or even rupture. Therefore, even in adults with pain in the left upper quadrant abdomen or enlarged spleen, splenic lymphangioma should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis. The case serves as an example of a rare congenital splenic tumor. Treatment of this benign splenic abnormality with laparoscopic splenectomy is a good, safe approach.

Decreased growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, and forkhead box O3a expressions in the ovary via ulipristal acetate.

Folliculogenesis is a complex process involving various ovarian paracrine factors. During folliculogenesis, vitamin D3 and progesterone are significant for the proper development of follicles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 and selective progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate on ovarian paracrine factors. In the study, 18 female Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (saline administration, n=6), vitamin D3 group (300 ng/day vitamin D3 oral administration, n=6), and UPA group (3 mg/kg/day ulipristal acetate oral administration, n=6). Ovarian tissue was analyzed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. For quantification of immunohistochemistry, the mean intensities of growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, and forkhead box O3a expressions were measured by Image J and MATLAB. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels by ELISA. Atretic follicles and hemorrhagic cystic structures were observed in the UPA group. After immunohistochemistry via folliculogenesis assessment markers, growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, and cytoplasmic forkhead box O3a expressions decreased in the UPA group (p<0.05). Anti-Müllerian hormone level did not differ significantly between the experimental groups (p>0.05). Ulipristal acetate negatively affects folliculogenesis via ovarian paracrine factors. The recommended dietary vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy cases did not cause a significant change.

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in a Two-Month Old Infant: A Case Report

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAM) are rare clinical conditions that affect the lungs. They are characterised by the formation of large, multiloculated, cystic structures due to the overgrowth of the terminal bronchioles. This report presents the case of a two-month-old female infant who was referred to the pediatric emergency ward with a diagnosis of aspiration with collapse of the left lung. The patient exhibited progressively worsening respiratory distress accompanied by fever. The infant had a history of breast milk aspiration and had been admitted to the hospital multiple times due to respiratory distress since birth. Even after discharge, she required moist oxygen therapy at home. Upon presentation, a chest X-ray showed left lung collapse, and her respiratory rate was measured at 70 breaths/min. Other vital parameters and laboratory examinations were within normal limits. A high-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the thorax confirmed the diagnosis of CPAM. The patient was placed on ventilator support and received antibiotic treatment. Once stabilised, she underwent right postero-lateral thoracotomy with right middle and lower lobectomy under general anesthesia. Following surgery, she was discharged in stable condition on the seventh postoperative day, with her respiratory distress resolved. The child continues to receive regular follow-up care, including immunisations and appropriate nutritional support.

The Compact Bleb-Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

The contemporary, indolent, Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma configures as a predominantly solitary neoplasm delineating solid and cystic pattern of tumour evolution. Neoplastic cells are incorporated with abundant Eosinophilic cytoplasm and intracytoplasmic inclusions or basophilic stippling. Tumour cells display frequent somatic loss of function genetic mutations confined to TSC1 (9q34.13) gene or TSC2 (16p13) gene. Eosinophilic tumour cell clusters appear admixed with macroscopic cysts or microscopic tubules and cystic structures coated with singular layer of hobnail cells. Neoplastic cells are permeated with abundant, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumour cells appear immune reactive to PAX8, CK20, AMACR, CD10, SDHB, fumarate hydratase, vimentin, cathepsin K and Melan A.

Anatomical Diseases Caused by Congenital Duodenal Abnormalities

Disorders of duodenal anatomy are rare and originate during the early embryological development of the foregut. These disorders are associated with significant morbidity in children; however, they may remain undetected during childhood and present during adolescence or adulthood. Duodenal atresia or web, annular pancreas, Ladd’s bands associated with midgut volvulus, and preduodenal portal vein represent duodenal anomalies that may cause partial or complete duodenal obstruction. Duodenal atresia and web occur secondary to incomplete recanalization of the duodenal lumen during the 8th to 10th week of gestation. These anomalies usually require surgical correction; however, the role of endoscopic interventions using innovative equipment is being investigated. Duodenal duplication cysts are an extremely rare congenital anomaly. Most abut the second or third portion of the duodenum and histologically show the normal duodenal wall layers. These lesions clinically present with abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting, pancreatitis, or features of biliary tract obstruction. Imaging studies including transabdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasonography are useful for detection of the cystic structure. Surgery is the conventional therapeutic modality used for management of duodenal duplication cysts; however, marsupialization (endoscopic intervention to establish communication between the cyst cavity and the duodenal lumen to facilitate duodenal drainage of cystic contents) is increasingly being performed in clinical practice. Duodenum inversum and duodenal diverticula are congenital duodenal disorders that require endoscopic or surgical management in symptomatic patients.

Acute urachal cystitis in two children

Persistent Urachal cysts (UC) are rare congenital pathologies caused by failure of obliteration of urachal remnant. This can lead to potential morbidities including infection and fistula formation. Presentation of such pathology varies resulting in significant delay in diagnosis. This article reports mysterious presentations of UC in children investigated for non-specific abdominal pain. Two cases presented with worsening central abdominal pain associated with occasional vomiting for the previous 4–6 months. Physical examination of the girl revealed tenderness over peri-umbilical area with no palpable masses. She had normal white cell (WCC), neutrophil count and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Her Ultrasound scan noted a cylindrical hypoechoic structure in keeping with a urachal cyst. However, the boy experienced lower abdominal tenderness with on masses felt and an elevated WCC and neutrophil count but normal CRP. USS reported a rounded, fibrosed lesion with a fibrosed tract, in keeping with non-complicated urachal remnant. Laparoscopic findings for first case, noted UC with a visible midline patent tract connecting to urinary bladder; such connection confirmed using injected saline. During the second case, the cystic structure, was connected to the umbilical stump. In both cases, both the UC and tract were dissected off and completely resected. Both had an uneventful post-operative recovery, with no further episodes of abdominal pain during follow-up appointments. Persistent UC could be easily mis-diagnosed with other commoner surgical abdominal pains. High suspicion, careful examination, and relevant radiological investigations, lead to earlier diagnosis and proper surgical management.

Treatment of a Cyst of the Canal of Nuck with an Inguinal Hernia by Laparoscopic Surgery.

A cyst of the canal of Nuck is a rare cystic structure along the inguinal canal extending to the labium majus, which forms due to non-obliterated processus vaginalis. In female patients presenting with painless swelling in the groin or labium, in addition to strangulated hernia, a cyst of the canal of Nuck should be considered. This paper presents a case of a 38-year woman with a right-sided cyst of the canal of Nuck and right inguinal hernia and its clinical and diagnostic features, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Laparoscopic diagnosis and total extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP) offer a useful alternative in patients with a superimposed inguinal hernia on top of the cyst of the canal of Nuck. Key Words: Cyst, Laparoscopic surgery, Inguinal hernia, Canal of Nuck.

A Giant Maxillary Mucocele Presenting Left Cheek Swelling

A paranasal sinus mucocele is an epithelial-lined, mucus-containing sac that completely fills the sinus and forms an expandable cystic structure. It most commonly affects the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, and rarely the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Orbital displacement or external disfigurement resulting from the expansion of the frontal or ethmoid sinuses is common; however, facial asymmetry caused by maxillary bone remodeling is rare. We describe a case of large maxillary sinus mucocele that destroyed the maxillary sinus bony wall, resulting in notable left cheek swelling and disfigurement, and review the relevant literature.

13-month-old female with left neck swelling.

A 13-month-old female was brought to the emergency department by her mother for 2 days of left neck swelling (Figure 1). Per her mother, the patient had developed progressive swelling and erythema after scratching the area over the last week. Otherwise, she was asymptomatic with normal vital signs. Before the patient's swelling, there had been a “dimple” at the area since birth. A point-of-care ultrasound was performed, demonstrating a 2.1 × 2.3 × 2.1 cm cystic and heterogeneous structure (Figure 2). Infected Branchial Cleft Cyst. Branchial cleft anomalies are remnants of branchial cleft mucosa during embryogenesis.1, 2 Incomplete involution of the mucosa create vestigial cysts, sinuses, and/or fistulas. There is a predilection for branchial cleft anomalies on the left side, more common in females, and second branchial cleft anomalies are the most common.3 Branchial cleft cysts present as a painless soft tissue mass around the anterolateral neck, along the anterior sternocleidomastoid muscle. If infected, they can become swollen and tender. Rarely, the cyst can lead to complications of airway compromise and glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerve compression due to mass effect.4 Clinical and radiological diagnostics can raise suspicion for branchial cleft cysts. Definitive diagnosis is made with cyst excision and histological examination, demonstrating a cystic cavity lined by epithelium and underlying connective tissue showing germinal centers.4 Other diagnoses to consider for pediatric superficial neck masses are lymphadenopathy, thyroglossal duct cyst, or dermoid cyst. Conservative treatment of needle aspiration, incision and drainage, and injection of sclerosant agents may be trialed, but recurrence is common.1-4 Definitive treatment is surgical excision.

Cesarean scar pregnancy mimicking a pseudo-gestational sac: A case report with magnetic resonance imaging findings

Introduction: A corpus luteal cyst may reportedly be misidentified as an ectopic gestational sac. We report a case of cesarean scar pregnancy mimicking a pseudo-gestational sac, to differentiate between the two entities and diagnose correctly. Case Report: A 42-year-old woman with four previous cesarean sections, at 7 weeks of gestation, was suspected of an unknown site pregnancy. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography showed a small cystic structure accompanied by neither a yolk sac nor surrounding marginal flow, adjacent to the uterine scar, and a 16-mm-large low-echo area with a white ring in the left adnexa. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging also demonstrated a small cystic structure without contrast enhancement resembling a pseudo-gestational sac adjacent to the cesarean scar. Moreover, a cystic structure with ring-enhancement beside the left ovary, which mimicked an ectopic gestational sac, was also detected. Given these imaging findings and slightly elevated serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels, ectopic pregnancy in the left fallopian tube could not be ruled out. She underwent laparoscopic surgery and uterine content removal, which resulted in intrauterine miscarriage. The cystic structure partially resected from a marginal area in the ovary appeared to be a luteal cyst. Conclusion: For correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the clinical circumstances should be fully considered without excessive reliance on imaging findings.

Exophytic interstitial ectopic pregnancy removal: novel use of Endoloop for uterine cavity preservation

Exophytic interstitial ectopic pregnancy removal: novel use of Endoloop for uterine cavity preservation

The Utility of Conventional CT, CT Perfusion and Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Predicting the Risk Level of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach: A Prospective Comparison of Classical CT Features, CT Perfusion Values, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion-Derived Parameters.

The role of advanced functional imaging techniques in prediction of pathological risk categories of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate classical CT features, CT-perfusion and magnetic-resonance-diffusion-weighted-imaging (MR-DWI)-related parameters in predicting the metastatic risk of gastric GIST. Sixty-two patients with histologically proven GIST who underwent CT perfusion and MR-DWI using multiple b-values were prospectively included. Morphological CT characteristics and CT-perfusion parameters of tumor were comparatively analyzed in the high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) GIST groups. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel-incoherent-motion (IVIM)-related parameters were also analyzed in 45 and 34 patients, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that greater tumor diameter (p &lt; 0.001), cystic structure (p &lt; 0.001), irregular margins (p = 0.007), irregular shape (p &lt; 0.001), disrupted mucosa (p &lt; 0.001) and visible EFDV (p &lt; 0.001), as well as less ADC value (p = 0.001) and shorter time-to-peak (p = 0.006), were significant predictors of HR GIST. Multivariate analysis extracted irregular shape (p = 0.006) and enlarged feeding or draining vessels (EFDV) (p = 0.017) as independent predictors of HR GIST (area under curve (AUC) of predicting model 0.869). Although certain classical CT imaging features remain most valuable, some functional imaging parameters may add the diagnostic value in preoperative prediction of HR gastric GIST.