Cystic Hyperplasia-pyometra Complex Research Articles

Diseases of the Canine Uterus

Lesions most commonly found in the canine and feline uteri fall primarily into two categories: (i) abnormalities of endometrial growth and repair and (ii) uterine infections with associated endometritis. Neoplastic conditions of the tubular genitalia of the bitch, with the possible exception of leiomyomas (tumours that arise from smooth muscle cells), are uncommon. Congenital lesions involving the uterus are relatively rare. The primary object of this paper is to provide a summary of the most common uterine lesions found in the canine and feline uterus using a series of images that underscore the most prominent and important gross diagnostic features of each.

The characteristic pattern of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the bitch with the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex: effect of medical or surgical treatment.

In 75 clinically normal unspayed female control dogs between two and eleven years old the average plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 21.6 +/- 5.7 (+/- SD) IU/l, of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 40.4 +/- 13.0 IU/l and of the AST/ALT ratio 0.6 +/- 0.2. These values showed only minor changes over years. In 96 bitches with the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex there was a very significant increase of the AST, decrease of the ALT and increase of the AST/ALT ratio. The changes were more pronounced in 62 clinically ill bitches with typical endometritis post oestrum, in 18 dogs with gram negative organisms in the uterus and in 53 bitches with white blood cell (WBC) levels higher than 40 X 10(9)/1. Renal failure had no influence on the specific changed values. The changed values returned either temporarily to normal after prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha)-treatment or definitely after ovariohysterectomy.

Oestrus control in bitches with proligestone, a new progestational steroid.

ABSTRACTA study of oestrus control in bitches with a new type of progestagen, proligestone, in six Dutch and three UK practices is reported. The product was given subcutaneously, regardless of the stage of the sexual cycle and of the usual contraindications for progestagens. A 97% efficacy was obtained with dosages varying from 20–33 mg/kg for the smallest animals to 10–13 mg/kg for the largest animals, when the first treatment was given in anoestrus with repeated treatments after 3 months, 4 months and thereafter every 5 months.Following treatment in pro–oestrus, heat symptoms disappeared in 96% of the animals within 5 days. By retreatment after 3 months, oestrus prevention could be maintained in 97% of these cases.Where the animals had been treated only with proligestone (1608 treatments in 776 bitches) there were five cases of the cystic hyperplasia pyometra complex; none of these occurred after treatment in pro–oestrus. Of the animals previously treated with other progestagens for oestrus control (814 treatments in 307 bitches) there were 11 cases.Forty–one out of 46 bitches which had a history of reproductive disorders did not show signs again.Other side–effects were also negligible (<0–5%). Fertility at the first oestrus after treatment appeared normal.

Depression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and the hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock

Depression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and the hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock

Experimental reproduction of the cystic hyperplasia‐pyometra complex in the bitch

Experimental reproduction of the cystic hyperplasia‐pyometra complex in the bitch

The Cystic Hyperplasia-Pyometra Complex in the Bitch

The thesis consists of two parts. The first is a clinical and pathological description of the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch; the second is a study of the experimental reproduction of the various forms of the disease. The survey of the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex revaled that it is a disease of the older, nulliparous bitch which may become clinically manifest as an endometritis during the metoestral phase of the oestrus cycle. It the was possible to divide the cases into four broad groups on a histological basis. A gradation of histological changes could be traced from uncomplicated cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium through acute endometritis. It was possible to correlate ovarian changes with those in the endometrium. Uncomplicated cystic glandular hyperplasia was observed at all stages of the cycle. In acute endometritis, the morphological appearance of the corpora lutea indicated that they were always active even at a stage in the cycle when they should normally have regressed. The plasma cell lesion was observed only in association with regressing corpora lutea. In the majority of the chronic cases, the corpora lutea had regressed though a few appeared active long after the normal period of regression. It is concluded from this survey that the aetiology and pathogenesis of the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex are intimately to the functional state of the ovaries; a contention supported by a series of experiments to study the effects of ovarian hormones on the endometrium of the ovariectomised bitch. Oestrogens in daily doses of 5 mg-25 mg. for periods up to 40 days failed to produce cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium was produced. Since the natural disease requires several oestrus cycles in which to develop, it appeared essential to stimulate these by altermate treatment with oestrogen and progesterone. The first type of cycle used consisted of 10 daily injections of 5 mg. of stilboestrol dipropionate followed by 20 daily injections of 10 mg. of progesterone. The degree of cyctic glandular hyperplasia produced after four cycles of this type was comparable to that occurring in natural cases. The histological picture became complicated by increased collagen deposition and uterine fibrosis if the number of cycles was increased. Acute endometritis was produced by increasing the progesterone dosage from 10 mg. to 50 mg. per day during the sixth cycle in the animal. Using cycles in which the progesterone dose was 25 mg. per day, cystic glandular hyperplasia was produced after two cycles and acute endometritis supervened after four cycles. If progesterone was withheld there was relief of symptoms and spontaneous discharge of the uterine contents. The acute inflammatory reaction in the endometrium regressed and was replaced by plasma cell infiltrate. It was possible to reproduce the severe form of chronic endometritis by a combination of hormonal treatment and surgical interference uterine drainage. The pathogenetic and aetiological implications of these experiments are discussed in relation to the naturally occurring disease in the bitch.