Understanding the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts (OCs) may facilitate the development of alternative therapeutic strategies and improve patients' quality of life. Given calcitonin's role in regulating bone metabolism and its clinical applications in gnathic bone-destructive lesions, including OCs, this study assessed potential associations between CTR and the bone resorption markers receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in OCs. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 20 radicular cysts (RCs), 20 radicular residual cysts (RRCs), and 27 dentigerous cysts (DCs). RANKL expression in the epithelial lining was significantly higher in RCs and RRCs compared with DCs ( p =0.039 and p =0.046, respectively). In RCs, significant positive correlations were found between epithelial RANKL and capsular CTR ( p =0.039), epithelial TNF-α and capsular TNF-α ( p =0.037), and epithelial TNF-α and capsular CTR ( p =0.005). In RRCs, epithelial RANKL correlated positively with epithelial TNF-α ( p =0.007) and capsular CTR correlated positively with capsular TNF-α ( p =0.041), whereas epithelial RANKL correlated negatively with capsular TNF-α ( p =0.009). In DCs, significant positive correlations were observed between epithelial and capsular RANKL ( p <0.001) and between epithelial and capsular TNF-α ( p =0.019). These findings suggest that CTR contributes to the pathogenesis of DCs, RCs, and RRCs, and highlight the involvement of RANKL and TNF-α in the biological behavior of these cysts. The interplay among these proteins may promote either osteolytic or osteogenic activity depending on the cystic microenvironment.

Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign sellar lesions that may require surgical intervention for visual field deficits, endocrinopathy, or headache. Cyst fenestration and cyst wall resection are both established surgical treatments. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the value of the aggressive approach of removing the cyst wall to prevent recurrence, weighed against risking additional endocrine complications. This study compares long-term outcomes in consecutive patients with RCCs at a single institution according to surgical strategy. The authors performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgical management of pathology-confirmed RCCs using resection (characterized as gross-total [GTR] or subtotal [STR] resection) or fenestration from 2000 to 2023. Propensity scores generated from cyst characteristics were used to match patients who underwent resection or fenestration. Presenting and postoperative symptom outcomes by approach were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze recurrence. Two hundred seventy-eight patients were included, with larger cysts noted in patients undergoing fenestration (14.0 mm) compared to resection (11.5 mm; p < 0.001). After matching, the cohort contained 242 patients, and improvement rates in visual and endocrine symptoms were similar between fenestration and resection. Patients who received resection (regardless of extent) had significantly lower rates of headache resolution (43% with GTR vs 34% with STR vs 59% with fenestration, p = 0.037), and when comparing all hormonal axes, higher rates of new growth hormone (GH) deficiency (10% with GTR vs 16% with STR vs 3.2% with fenestration, p = 0.025) compared to patients with fenestration. Further stratification of cysts ≤ versus > 15 mm revealed lower rates of new postoperative GH deficiency in smaller cysts undergoing fenestration (11% with GTR vs 14% with STR vs 2.4% with fenestration, p = 0.043). While fenestration versus resection did not impact recurrence, STR was associated with more rapid cyst recurrence by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A postoperative residual cyst was the strongest predictor of recurrence in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression (hazard ratio 4.01, 95% CI 2.41-6.65; p < 0.001). Compared to resection, fenestration achieves similar improvement rates in presenting visual and endocrine symptoms in patients with RCCs, and greater postoperative headache resolution. It may also reduce the risk of new postoperative endocrine complications, particularly GH deficiency in cysts ≤ 15 mm. Recurrence rates and recurrence-free survival among patients receiving fenestration are also comparable to those who receive GTR. These findings may guide surgical decision-making by supporting fenestration as a safer alternative to resection in certain cases.

Double posteromedial portal (DPP) arthroscopy has been proposed to improve cyst management in patients with Baker's cysts compared with other arthroscopic techniques. However, comparative evidence remains limited. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Comparative clinical studies assessing DPP vs. non-DPP arthroscopic techniques for Baker's cysts were identified from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was cyst recurrence or residual cyst at final follow-up. Secondary outcomes included Lysholm score, operative time, and overall complications. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MDs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models depending on heterogeneity (I²). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess result robustness. Four comparative studies (all from China; total n = 232) were included. DPP arthroscopy showed a lower risk of cyst recurrence/residual cyst (RR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.74; RD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.02). Lysholm scores at final follow-up were similar between groups (MD = -0.65, 95% CI -2.14 to 0.84). Operative time was longer with DPP (MD = 13.20 min, 95% CI 6.16-20.24; I² = 91%), but remained longer after sensitivity analysis (MD = 10.02 min, 95% CI 7.09-12.96). Overall complications were higher with DPP (RR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.26-12.05; I² = 0%). DPP arthroscopy may reduce cysts recurrence compared with other arthroscopic approaches, but at the cost of longer operative time and higher complication rates. Evidence is limited to small, single-country studies with sparse recurrence events; further multicentre trials are needed.

The odontogenic keratocystis considered a developmental jaw cyst reclassified by the WHO in 2017 as a benign odontogenic cyst rather than a neoplasia. They account for about 10-20% of all odontogenic cysts and are often asymptomatic, frequently discovered incidentally on radiographs. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation. Standard treatment is complete surgical enucleation. Odontogenic keratocysts are locally aggressive and associated with relatively high recurrence rates, making long-term clinical and radiological follow-up essential. This case report presents the diagnosis and management of an odontogenic keratocyst in the anterior maxilla, emphasizing current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as the importance of ongoing monitoring.

ABSTRACTGroin swellings are the most frequent presenting clinical signs, which most frequently arise due to an inguinal hernia or lymphadenopathy. There are also rare congenital lesions, such as dermoid cysts, which can present similarly to common lesions, also leading to a diagnostic challenge. Inguinal dermoid cysts, particularly those that present with an undescended testis, are extremely rare, and there are sparse reported cases. An 18‐year‐old male patient presented with painful, slowly increasing swelling in the left inguinal canal for 3 months. On physical examination, a firm, non‐reducible, tender mass and empty left hemiscrotum were noted. Ultrasonogram revealed a heterogeneous hypoechoic mass containing echogenic foci for hair or calcification, and no presence of the left testis within the scrotum. Tumor markers were within normal limits. At opening, inguinal exploration, a well‐defined cystic mass with thick sebaceous material and hair was excised, and orchiopexy of the viable undescended testis was performed. Histopathology showed a dermoid cyst with stratified squamous epithelium, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. The postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence on 4‐month follow‐up. Inguinal dermoid cysts are rare developmental cysts that are also seen as lipomas or hernias. Their association with undescended testes makes them even more challenging to diagnose. Ultrasonography is the preferred imaging before surgery, and surgical resection is the preferred management to prevent recurrence. This case illustrates the importance of dermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of inguinal masses, particularly in this patient with cryptorchidism, and highlights the importance of surgical exploration and histopathological diagnosis in management.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and morphological findings of chronic periapical lesions (CPL) composed of periapical granuloma (PG), radicular cyst (RC), and residual radicular cyst (RRC). Methods: Sample was collected from an Oral Pathology Service over 10-year period. Histomorphological analysis was performed qualitatively. For estatistical analysis were used Fischer’s exact and Q2 tests, considering value P<0.05. Results: Among the 4.808 cases retrieved from the service, 508 (10.6%) cases were CPL. PG was the most frequent lesion (n=264; 51.96%). RC and PG were more prevalent among young adults, while RRC affected older patients (P<0.0001). Morphologically, lower grade of intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (Grade I) was founded in RRC, compared to PG and RC (Grade II/III) (P<0.0001). Atrophic epithelium was more present in RRC, whereas hyperplastic epithelium was more observed in RC (P=0.012). Russell bodies and foamy macrophages were more frequent in PG (P<0.05). Rushton bodies and negative images of cholesterol crystals were more observed in RC (P<0.05). Conclusion: CPL are a common condition frequently associated with persistent endodontic infection and represent a significant clinical challenge in dental practice. Therefore, clinical and morphological comprehensive characterization of CPL is important for their correct diagnosis and treatment.

A bstract Congenital coccygeal dermal sinus is a form of closed spinal dysraphism that carries a risk of infection and deeper anatomical extension. Presacral developmental cysts, including tailgut-type cysts, are uncommon in the pediatric population and may coexist with dermal sinus tracts, posing diagnostic and surgical challenges. We present a pediatric case series of two female children with coccygeal dermal sinus associated with presacral cystic lesions. In both cases, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately delineated the dermal sinus tract, excluded the intradural extension, and identified the associated presacral pathology, thereby facilitating appropriate surgical planning. Surgical excision was performed in both patients, with coccygectomy required in one case. Histopathological evaluation confirmed tailgut-type presacral cysts with epithelial heterogeneity. One patient experienced recurrence, necessitating re-excision, while the other had an uncomplicated postoperative course. This case series underscores the importance of careful MRI evaluation of the sacrococcygeal and presacral regions in children presenting with coccygeal dermal sinus to ensure comprehensive diagnosis and optimal management.

Background: Dentigerous cysts are the most frequent developmental odontogenic cyst, typically found in relation to unerupted mandibular third molars or maxillary canines and rare in the first decade of life. Ectopic migration of the third molar in the maxillary sinus to the level of orbital floor is an uncommon presentation, particularly in children. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old boy presented to the outpatient department of our institution with a swelling in the right hemiface of one year's duration. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a well-circumscribed unilocular expansile lesion (3.7 × 2.9 × 2.8 cm) in the right maxillary sinus with displacement of the root of an upper lateral incisor and an ectopic third molar displaced to the orbital floor. Management: Surgical enucleation with widening of the tooth-bone window using a sublabial (Caldwell–Luc) approach including extraction of ectopic and impacted teeth was carried out. Histopathology confirmed a dentigerous cyst. Conclusion: This case illustrates that dentigerous cysts can cause marked tooth displacement in children and underlines the need for precise early diagnosis using CT to avoid orbital and sinus sequelae.

Spinal echinococcosis is a rare manifestation of hydatid disease with potentially debilitating neurological consequences. We present two cases of spinal echinococcosis: one depicting residual disease postsurgical decompression and the other representing recurrence after prior spinal hydatid surgery. Case 1, an early 60s male, underwent posterior decompression and laminectomy for cauda equina compression due to multicompartment extradural cysts. Despite surgical clearance, a single residual cyst was noted on follow-up MRI and managed medically. Case 2, a mid-20s female, presented 3 years after initial spinal hydatid surgery with imaging-confirmed recurrence, extending into prevertebral, paraspinal and iliac compartments. Both cases were treated with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day). We highlight the classical imaging features on MRI and CT, surgical observations and the importance of vigilant follow-up. Early diagnosis and multimodal management are crucial in preventing irreversible neurological deficits.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OK) is a developmental odontogenic cyst characterized by aggressive clinical behavior, high growth potential, and high recurrence rates, which makes its diagnosis and therapeutic management challenging. The aim of this study was to report and discuss the clinical, radiographic, histopathological characteristics and therapeutic approaches of a case of extensive mandibular OK, initially treated and after recurrence, by enucleation. A 20-year-old female patient was diagnosed with an extensive intraosseous lesion in the posterior region of the right mandible, identified incidentally on radiographic examination. The diagnostic hypothesis of OK was confirmed by histopathological examination after surgical enucleation of the lesion associated with the extraction of the impacted tooth 48. After six months, tomographic examinations showed recurrence, requiring further surgical intervention through enucleation of the recurrent lesion, associated with endodontic treatment of the involved teeth 46 and 47. Clinical and radiographic follow-up after the second surgery showed no signs of recurrence and adequate bone neoformation, confirming the success of the established therapeutic approach. It was possible to conclude that the case reinforces the importance of histopathological diagnosis, careful choice of therapeutic approach, and prolonged clinical and radiographic follow-up, considering the high potential for recurrence of odontogenic keratocyst.

Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPs) commonly occur as a complication of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Surgical drainage is indicated when cysts are >6 cm, persist for more than 6 weeks, or cause symptoms or complications. This study aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of laparoscopic and open cystogastrostomy for PPs. A retrospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at a tertiary care hospital, including 64 patients diagnosed with PPs. Among them, 22 patients underwent laparoscopic and 42 patients underwent open cystogastrostomy procedures. Parameters such as operative time, pain score, blood loss, oral intake, drain duration, complications, hospital stay, and recurrence were assessed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Mean age was 35.86 ± 13.49 years in the laparoscopic group and 41.79 ± 11.64 years in the open group (p = 0.34). The mean operative time was higher in the laparoscopic group (187.23 ± 18.80 vs 159.67 ± 29.88 min, p < 0.0001), whereas the mean blood loss was significantly lower (81.82 ± 36.34 vs 200.24 ± 119.56 mL, p < 0.0001). The visual analog scale (VAS) score was lower in the laparoscopic group (p < 0.0001). Oral feeding started earlier (3.48 ± 0.93 vs 5.49 ± 0.68 days), drains were removed sooner (4.48 ± 1.40 vs 7.17 ± 1.00 days), and hospital stay was shorter (5.77 ± 1.60 vs 9.69 ± 1.57 days) in the laparoscopic group (all p < 0.0001). Mortality was 4.5 and 2.4%, respectively (p = 0.636). Residual cysts occurred in 4.5 and 4.8% of patients, with no recurrence in either group. Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy demonstrated superior short-term outcomes, reduced blood loss, less pain, earlier recovery, and shorter hospitalization than open surgery, with equivalent safety and recurrence rates. Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy provides safer recovery with less pain, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay, without increasing complications. It supports the wider use of minimally invasive surgery for PPs. Baig MM, Chidambaranathan S, Mohankumar S. Laparoscopic vs Open Cystogastrostomy for Symptomatic Pseudocyst of Pancreas: A Comparative Study of Surgical Outcomes. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2025;15(2):151-155.

Mixed odontogenic Tumor comprise two or more structurally different components. They comprise of more than two contrasting lesions are extremely rare and often pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Gorlin cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst with locally pugnacious nature and have been reported to occur in association with other odontogenic lesions like Miscellaneous ameloblastic tumor, odontoma, AOT, ameloblastoma, Epitheliomesenchymal ameloblastoma and myxomateous odontogenic tumor. Herein, we present a case of Mixed odontogenic tumour of Gorlin cyst, complex odontoma, and miscellaneous ameloblastic tumour occurring in the left mandibular region of a young female patient. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 25. Supplementary Issue 2026, Page : S170-S174

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst characterized by a fragile epithelial lining attachment to the capsula and high recurrence rates. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adhesion-related proteins (TLN1, FBLN1) may contribute to epithelial detachment, which could facilitate lesion recurrence. This study investigated the mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP9, TLN1, and FBLN1 in OKCs and their association with epithelial detachment, including the impact of marsupialization. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR in samples from OKCs (n = 10), marsupialized OKCs (n = 5), and oral mucosa controls (n = 4). Gelatinase activity was assessed by gelatin zymography in fresh samples (OKCs n = 7; oral mucosa n = 4). Histological sections were digitally measured to quantify areas of epithelial detachment. Correlation analyses were performed between mRNA expression levels and epithelial separation. MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA levels were significantly higher in OKCs compared to oral mucosa (p < 0.05), with decreased mRNA levels after marsupialization. Gelatin zymography confirmed elevated gelatinase activity, particularly for MMP9, in OKC tissues. TLN1 and FBLN1 mRNA expressions were also elevated in OKCs, consistent with previous proteomic data, though not statistically significant. A significant correlation was observed between MMP9 mRNA expression and the total area of detached epithelium. MMP9 may play a critical role in epithelial detachment in OKCs and could serve as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker. Marsupialization appears to modulate matrix metalloproteinases expression, suggesting a molecular mechanism for its clinical benefits.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOC) are uncommon developmental odontogenic cysts of jaw. It was previously considered as an orthokeratinized variant of Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). OOC differs from OKC of its clinical and histological behavior. A 34-year-old male came for replacement of missing teeth in the right side of lower jaw. History revealed extraction of 46, 47, 48, and enucleation of cyst 15 years before for a radiolucent lesion of right posterior region, which was histologically diagnosed as orthokeratinized variant of OKC. On a radiographic evaluation, unilocular radiolucency was evident in the left posterior mandible and right maxillary anterior region that were clinically diagnosed as OKC in posterior mandible and dentigerous cyst in anterior maxilla in relation to impacted 13. Histologically, both the lesions showed a thin and uniform thickness of orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with abundant keratin in the lumen. The case was diagnosed as Multiple OOC.

ABSTRACTPrimary spinal hydatid cyst is an uncommon form of echinococcosis, which may cause focal neurological deficits. We report an extremely rare case of spinal hydatic cyst with several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 4‐year‐old boy was referred to our medical center suffering from progressive lower back pain, weakness and numbness in both lower limbs, and urinary incontinence for 4 months. He was initially misdiagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, as his clinical manifestations deteriorated, a neurosurgical consultation was requested to evaluate other differential diagnoses. Neurological examination revealed bilateral lower extremity weakness accompanied by increased deep tendon reflex (DTR) of the lower extremities. Thoracolumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multicystic lesions, extramedullary intradural, extending from T8 to S2, which caused compression and posterior displacement of the cord. The patient underwent surgery and medical treatment with albendazole and praziquantel. Although early postoperative imaging showed no residual cysts, he experienced recurrence on follow‐up. Due to the nonspecific manifestations and high morbidity of spinal hydatidosis, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered to diagnose and manage it. If spinal hydatid disease is diagnosed promptly, it can preclude severe complications, such as cyst expansion and subsequent spinal cord damage.

Objectives: This case report aims to describe the radiographic characteristics of residual cysts in the maxilla that extend into the vestibular area and the maxillary sinus, using panoramic and CBCT radiographs. Case Report: An 81-year-old patient presented with a chief complaint of re-swelling after cyst removal under local anesthesia and scraping in 2022. The patient changed doctors and had a CBCT examination as a supporting examination to confirm the diagnosis. The patient had a history of hypertension and cholesterol, so treatment was delayed until now. Clinical examination showed vestibular swelling around the edentulous sites of teeth #13 and 14. Radiological examination showed a well-demarcated and well-defined radiolucency in the maxilla that was aggressive due to its relatively large size, erosion of the buccal cortical bone, and extension into the maxillary sinus. The suspected diagnosis of this case was a residual cyst due to previous treatment, with differential diagnoses of labial cyst, nasopalatine cyst, and radicular cyst. Conclusion: Based on clinical examination, radiography examination by 2D, panoramic, and 3D CBCT, this lesion is radiolucent, leading to a suspected radiodiagnosis of maxillary residual ar cyst with maxillary sinus involvement.

Developmental cysts of the jaws exhibit diverse clinical behaviors, yet few studies have incorporated radiographic cyst size into clinicopathological analysis.This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of developmental cysts and determine whether cyst size measured on panoramic radiographs is associated with clinical outcomes.A total of 540 cases-including dentigerous cysts (DCs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and the non-odontogenic nasopalatine duct cysts-were retrospectively reviewed.Cyst area was calculated by multiplying the longest dimension by its perpendicular height on panoramic radiographs, and patients were categorized into three size groups using percentile-based thresholds.Statistical analyses were performed to investigate associations between cyst size and multiple clinical factors, including recurrence, inferior alveolar nerve injury, and postoperative bone healing.OKCs were most commonly observed in the largest size group, whereas DCs were observed predominantly in the smallest group.Cyst size showed no significant correlation with recurrence, symptoms, or nerve injury.However, postoperative bone healing 1 year after surgery was significantly lower in the largest cyst group compared with the smallest cyst group (p<0.05).These findings suggest that panoramic radiograph-based area measurements provide clinically meaningful information; as larger cysts demonstrate reduced postoperative bone healing.Radiographic cyst size may serve as a useful prognostic indicator and may help identify cases that could benefit from adjunctive regenerative procedures.

Background: Odontogenic cysts are epithelial-lined cavities arising from odontogenic tissues, commonly detected incidentally during routine dental imaging. Their clinical significance lies in diagnostic overlap with aggressive odontogenic tumors, necessitating accurate identification and management. Aim: To review contemporary diagnostic principles, radiographic assessment, and evidence-based surgical–pathologic management of odontogenic cysts in dental practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature synthesis was performed, integrating epidemiologic data, pathophysiologic mechanisms, histopathologic features, and clinical evaluation strategies. Emphasis was placed on classification (inflammatory vs. developmental), imaging characteristics, and treatment modalities supported by outcome data. Results: Periapical cysts represent the most prevalent subtype (≈60%), followed by dentigerous cysts (≈20%). Radiographically, most cysts appear as well-demarcated radiolucencies, but imaging alone cannot reliably distinguish subtypes. Histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Management strategies vary: inflammatory cysts respond to endodontic therapy or enucleation, while developmental cysts often require extraction of associated teeth with curettage. High-recurrence entities such as odontogenic keratocysts and glandular odontogenic cysts demand aggressive surgical approaches and long-term surveillance. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis of odontogenic cysts requires integrated clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic evaluation. Tailored management—ranging from conservative endodontic therapy to surgical excision—optimizes outcomes and minimizes recurrence risk. Long-term follow-up is essential for high-risk lesions.

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a biologically active, developmental cyst characterized by aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate.This report presents a rare case of OKC involving the maxillary sinus with an ectopic third molar, identified incidentally in an asymptomatic patient.Advanced imaging guided surgical enucleation via the Caldwell-Luc approach, with histopathology confirming the diagnosis.This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition, precise surgical planning, and long-term follow-up in managing OKCs, particularly in anatomically complex regions like the maxilla.

The early diagnosis of odontogenic cysts is crucial to prevent future complications and to choose an effective treatment plan. Dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are two common developmental cysts that affect the jaw. OKCs show locally aggressive behavior and a higher recurrence rate compared with DCs, emphasizing the need for reliable molecular diagnostic markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in tumors and lesions with aggressive behavior and have potential as adjunctive biomarkers. This study investigates the diagnostic potential of miR-221, miR-214, and miR-375 expression in OKCs and DCs, due to the invasive nature of OKCs compared with DCs. This study analyzed 36 paraffin-embedded odontogenic cyst tissue samples (23 OKC and 13 DC) collected from the oral pathology archive of Islamic Azad University. Total RNA, including miRNAs, was extracted using TRIzol-based protocols with RNase-free conditions. RNA purity and integrity were assessed via spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. Reverse transcription was performed using the M-MLV RNase H kit. Specific primers for miR-221, miR-214, and miR-375 were designed and verified. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted using SYBR Green, and delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) values were calculated. miR-221, miR-214, and miR-375 showed significantly lower ΔCt values in OKCs compared with DCs (p < 0.001). The mean ΔCt values for miR-221, miR-214, and miR-375 in OKCs were 11.27, 10.10, and 8.18, respectively, compared with 12.95, 12.51, and 11.05 in DCs. The ΔCt values for miR-221, miR-214, and miR-375s were significantly lower in OKC samples, indicating higher expression levels compared with DCs. The significant upregulation of these miRNAs in OKCs compared with DCs suggests that these miRNAs may indicate predictive roles and could serve as supportive biomarkers.