Cyst Size Research Articles

Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cysts: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

The prevalence of pancreatic cysts has been rising due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging (CT scan and MRI) of the abdomen. While most pancreatic cysts are benign and do not require treatment or surveillance, a significant minority are premalignant and rarely malignant. The risk stratification of these lesions is not straightforward, and individual risk assessment, cyst size, distribution, and alarming morphologic features (when present) can guide the next steps in management. Neoplastic pancreatic cysts are mucinous or non-mucinous. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration is often required to classify pancreatic cysts into mucinous and non-mucinous cysts and to assess the malignant potential. Advances in endoscopic techniques (confocal laser endomicroscopy, microforceps biopsy) can provide a definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cysts in some cases; however, the use of these techniques involves a higher risk of adverse events.

Is Cystogastrostomy a Definitive Operation for Pancreatitis Associated Pancreatic Fluid Collections?

Pancreatic-enteric drainage procedures have become standard therapy for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis. The need for pancreatic resection after cyst-enteric drainage procedure in the event of recurrence is not well studied. This study aimed to quantify the percentage of patients requiring resection due to recurrence after surgical cystogastrostomy and identify predictors of drainage failure. A single-institution retrospective review was conducted to identify all patients undergoing surgical cystogastrostomy between 2012 and 2020. Demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics were identified. Failure of surgical drainage was defined as the need for subsequent pancreatic resection due to recurrence. Characteristics between failure and nonfailure groups were compared with identifying predictors of treatment failure. Twenty-four cystogastrostomies were performed during the study period. Three patients (12.5%) required a subsequent distal pancreatectomy after surgical drainage. There was no difference in comorbidities between drainage alone and failure of drainage groups. Mean cyst size seemed to be larger in patients that underwent drainage alone versus those that needed subsequent resection (15.2 vs 10.3cm, P =0.05). Estimated blood loss at initial operation was similar between groups (126 vs 166mL, P =0.36). Surgical pancreatic drainage was successful in the initial management of pancreatic fluid collections. We did not identify any predictors of failure of initial drainage. There was a trend suggesting smaller cyst size may be associated with cystgastrostomy failure. Resection with distal pancreatectomy for walled-off pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic pseudocysts can be reserved for cases of failure of drainage.

Effects of natural products on cystic activity in kidney cells.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a pathology that targets kidney cells by forming calcium protuberances in their cilia. Polycystin-2, the ciliary transmembrane protein that induces cystogenesis, is necessary to transport calcium to the Golgi apparatus; however, the misfolding of this protein leads to its aggregation in the lumen. The use of collagen Type I as an extracellular matrix and forskolin, a molecule that opens ion channels in the membrane, to induce cyst growth shows the detrimental effects of excessive calcium storage on the epithelial cells. Through a series of in vitro and 3D tissue culture experiments, we sought to determine if natural products, in particular aminosterols and catechins, could reduce the size and quantity of cysts in a PKD cellular model. These molecules are known to prevent the toxicity caused by pore-forming toxins and aggregates of misfolded proteins implicit in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. We found that increasing concentrations of specific aminosterols and tea catechins reduced cyst diameters, therein suggesting a new therapeutic approach to target cyst formation and growth.

Percutaneous treatment of simple renal cysts with 24-h-interval ethanol sclerotherapy.

To investigate the efficacy of 24-h interval multiple-session ethanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of simple renal cysts. The study sample included 58 patients (mean age, 65.37 ± 11.95 years). We included 76 simple renal cysts that were treated with percutaneous aspiration with a minimum of two sessions of 95% ethanol sclerotherapy in a 24-h interval between sessions. Patients were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention for the efficacy of the treatment. Treatment success was defined as a complete regression of a cyst or a > 50% reduction in its volume, with no recurrence of symptoms. The mean preprocedural cyst size was 72.98 ± 25.14 mm, and the mean preprocedural cyst volume was 205.76 ± 244.15 mL. The mean volume of ethanol used in the first sclerotherapy session was 62.76 ± 30.71 mL. The mean fluid accumulation in the cysts at the end of the first 24-h interval was 4.66 ± 7.13 mL. The mean quantity of ethanol used in the second sclerotherapy session was 26.48 ± 22.2 mL. A third sclerotherapy session was required in only 10 (13.2%) of the cysts. The mean follow-up period was 52.84 ± 37.83 months. The rate of complete regression was 97.4% for the whole sample at the end of the follow-up. Ethanol ablation with 24-h intervals is a safe and effective treatment option in the minimally invasive percutaneous treatment of simple renal cysts.

Marsupialisation of 12 odontogenic cysts in Boxer dogs: Retrospective case series.

Marsupialisation of odontogenic cysts is a minimally invasive treatment method used in human dentistry. Marsupialisation decompresses the cyst and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone and shrinkage of the cyst. In this retrospective study we look at the effectiveness of marsupialisation at reducing the size of odontogenic cysts in dogs. The case series consists of six Boxer dogs with 12 odontogenic cysts. Each case underwent a high resolution CT scan prior to treatment and at follow-up. Each CT scan was reviewed, the volume of each cyst calculated using manual segmentation and the reduction in cyst volume calculated. There was a marked reduction in cystic volume of 66.6% over a mean of 138 days. This shows that the use of marsupialisation effective method of reducing cyst volume.

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic management of mesenteric cysts in children.

Mesenteric cysts (MCs) are rare intra-abdominal masses in children, and laparoscopic complete cyst resection is still difficult. This study reviewed our experience in diagnosing and managing MCs at our center, focusing on the clinical characteristics of MCs and the effectiveness of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the records of all patients diagnosed with MCs and managed with robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery at our center between February 2021 and August 2022. We analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, preoperative imaging data, surgical methods, postoperative complications, and final outcomes. Totally, 12 consecutive patients with a mean age of 5.81 ± 3.02 years were admitted. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (58.33%). Eight patients were associated with cyst complications, including five cases of infection, two cases of volvulus, and one case of hemorrhage. The mean size of cysts was 8.39 ± 5.91 cm. The cysts were located in ileal mesentery in eight cases, lesser curvature of the stomach in two cases, and colon mesentery in two cases. Solely cyst excision was performed in eight cases, and bowel en bloc resection of the cyst in four cases. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery was performed successfully in all patients, without conversion. The mean operation time was 106.17 ± 33.74 min. Pathological results reported lymphangioma or lymphatic malformation in all patients. Two cases of chylous leakage were treated conservatively, and no complications of peritoneal infection, anastomotic leakage, and recurrence were observed. Mesenteric cysts should be removed promptly once the diagnosis is confirmed to avoid cyst complications. For uncomplicated mesenteric cysts, laparoscopic cyst excision, or cyst excision with bowel resection can be effectively performed in children, especially under the robot system.

When to Stop Surveillance: Pancreatic Cysts.

Surveillance of mucinous pancreatic cysts is a key to reducing pancreatic cancer risk and detecting malignancy early. However, while the management of cysts with high-risk and worrisome features is fairly straightforward, surveillance of patients with low-risk branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms has long presented gastroenterologists with the challenging question of discontinuation of surveillance. Up-to-date evidence supports the cessation of follow-up in these patients depending on both interval stability of the cyst and cyst size. Based on these criteria, discontinuation of surveillance at either 5 years or 10 years is recommended. Oversurveillance of patients with pancreatic cysts in the absence of high-risk and worrisome features is discouraged.

Effect comparison of neuroendoscopic vs. craniotomy in the treatment of adult intracranial arachnoid cyst.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are common, accounting for about 1%-2% of intracranial space-occupying lesions. There is controversy over the method of surgical intervention, and in order to provide guidance for surgical decision making, this study compares the efficacy of craniotomy vs. neuroendoscopic surgery in treating arachnoid cysts. The adult patients with arachnoid cyst admitted to our department from October 2016 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirteen adult patients were recruited, and divided into two groups: neuroendoscopic group (group A) and craniotomy group (group B). We compared the gender, age, clinical symptoms, preoperative and postoperative cyst sizes, symptom improvement, complications, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs between two groups to analyze the therapeutic effects of these two surgical methods. The cost of hospitalization in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (47,292.8 vs. 65,151.8 yuan, P < 0.05), and there was no difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups. The preoperative cysts in group A were significantly larger than those in group B (6.38 vs. 2.97 cm, P < 0.05). In groups A and B, the short-term symptom improvement rates were 100% and 75.0%, respectively. The long-term symptom improvement rates were 77.78% and 75.0% (P > 0.05), respectively. Both neuroendoscopic and craniotomy have good curative effects for the treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts. There was no significant difference in the outcomes between the two surgical techniques. The cost of hospitalization can be reduced with neuroendoscopic surgery. Neuroendoscopic treatment is recommended for large intracranial arachnoid cysts, and craniotomy is suitable for small intracranial arachnoid cysts.

Characteristic Chest Computed Tomography Findings for Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome Indicating Requirement for Genetic Evaluation.

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) findings are important for identifying Birt−Hogg−Dube (BHD) syndrome. However, the predictive power of classical criteria for chest CT findings is weak. Here, we aimed to identify more specific chest CT findings necessitating genetic examination for FLCN gene mutations. Methods: From June 2016 to December 2017, we prospectively enrolled 21 patients with multiple bilateral and basally located lung cysts on chest CT with no other apparent cause, including cases with and without spontaneous primary pneumothorax. All enrolled patients underwent FLCN mutation testing for diagnosis confirmation. Results: BHD was diagnosed in 10 of 21 enrolled patients (47.6%). There were no differences in clinical features between the BHD and non-BHD groups. Maximal cyst diameter was significantly greater in the BHD group (mean ± standard deviation; 4.1 ± 1.1 cm) than in the non-BHD group (1.6 ± 0.9 cm; p < 0.001). Diversity in cyst size was observed in 100.0% of BHD cases and 18.2% of non-BHD cases (p = 0.001). Morphological diversity was observed in 100.0% of BHD cases and 54.6% of non-BHD cases (p = 0.054). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting FLCN gene mutations were 0.955 and 0.909 for maximal cyst diameter and diversity in size, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for maximal diameter FLCN mutations prediction was 2.1 cm (sensitivity: 99%; specificity: 82%). Conclusions: Reliable chest CT features suggesting the need for FLCN gene mutations screening include variations in cyst size and the presence of cysts > 2.1 cm in diameter, predominantly occurring in the bilateral basal lungs.

Enlarged prostatic utricle and vagina masculinus in boys with disorders of sex development.

To determine the prevalence, radiological characteristics, and clinical symptomatology of enlarged prostatic utricles and vagina masculinus in boys with disorders of sex development. Over 10years (from February 2012 to March 2022), 102 boys with severe hypospadias underwent voiding cystourethrography. All patients presented with disorders of sex development and Y material in the karyotype (46,XY karyotype, 46,XY/45,X mosaic, etc.). The age of the patients at the first examination ranged from 4days to 27months (mean age 2.7months). Voiding cystourethrography revealed the presence of a cyst posterior to the urethra in 66 patients (64.7% of cases). There were 15 cases of "vagina masculinus" and 51 of enlarged prostatic utricles. These dilations were classified according to the Ikoma classification and cyst size. In more than 2/3 of cases, the cysts were small (less than 20mm), and in less than 8% of cases, these cysts were large. In addition, retrograde opacification revealed the presence of vesicoureteral reflux in 20% of boys with a male vagina. The most severe hypospadias with a scrotal or perineal meatus are most at risk of developing an enlarged prostatic utricle, and 80% of patients with Ikoma Grade III had a scrotal or perineal meatus. This study shows that the prevalence of enlarged prostatic utricles and vagina masculinus ishigh in patients with severe hypospadias. Therefore, their search should be systematic, and for clinical and therapeutic interest, the enlarged prostatic utricles should be classified according to cyst size.

Polycystic Ovaries: A Cross Sectional Study on Unmarried Girls in KSA

Polycystic ovaries often do not cause a disturbance in ovulation, and therefore it does not cause difficulties or problems in conceiving in most cases, but it also depends on the severity and size of the ovarian cysts. The causes of polycystic ovaries are not completely clear, but there are some factors that have a role in increasing the possibility of developing and developing this disorder, and these factors include obesity, family history, insulin resistance, inflammation in the body, which may increase insulin resistance. Polycystic ovary isn’t the same to Polycystic ovary syndrome. The predominant endocrine disease that is rapidly spreading to epidemic levels is PCOS. For this syndrome, there are no community- based prevalence data available in KSA. In order to determine the prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among 778 girls and adolescents aged 15–24 years, a community cross-sectional study was conducted in a census block taken from Mumbai. Six hundred of them completed all clinical, ultrasound, and biochemical tests. According to the Rotterdam criteria and 10.7% according to the Androgen Excess Association criteria, they had a prevalence of PCOS of 22.5%. 71.8% of PCOS cases according to the Rotterdam criteria were not infected with H. pylori. The most prevalent phenotype (52.6%) was mild PCOS (oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome on USG).

MRI-Based Classification of Rathke’s Cleft Cyst and Its Clinical Implication

Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign tumors of the pituitary gland. Small, asymptomatic RCCs do not require surgical treatment, whereas surgical treatment is required for symptomatic RCCs. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with an RCC who were diagnosed and managed in our institution between April 2004 and April 2020 and generated two different cohorts: the observation (n=114) and the surgical group (n=99). Their initial MRI signal characteristics were analyzed. The natural course focusing on cyst size was observed in the observation group and postoperative visual and endocrine outcomes were evaluated in the surgical group. The characterization of MRI signals of cyst contents in both T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images revealed nine combinations for our 213 patients. Among 115 patients with a high T2W signal, the cysts showed hypo-, iso-, and hyper-intensity on T1W images in 72, 39, and 44 patients, respectively; Type S-low, Type S-iso, and Type S-high. One more major group of 35 patients showed RCCs with hyperintensity on the T1W images and hypointensity on the T2W images named as Type M. In the comparison between observation and surgical groups, we identified only two major groups in which the number of patients in the surgical and observation groups was statistically different: more Type S-low in a surgical group (p<0.001) and more Type M in an observation group (p=0.007). In subgroup analysis, the range of change in the cyst size was the highest in Type S-high in the observation group (p=0.028), and intergroup differences in visual and endocrine outcomes were not evident in the surgical group. MRI characteristics help to predict the natural course of RCCs. We identified subgroups of RCCs which are more or less likely to require surgical intervention.

Evaluation Of Serological, Biochemical And Imaging Findings With Hydatid Cyst Patients

Objective: Hydatid cyst is a serious disease caused. The liver (50-70%) and, less frequently, the lungs (18-35%), are affected most. Diagnosis is made by evaluating the patient's clinical history, imaging findings, and serologic and immunologic tests together. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used as imaging methods. Most classifications are made according to imaging findings. We aimed to present our experience by evaluating the relationship between age, sex, location and size of cysts, stage, indirect hemagglutination test, and laboratory and imaging findings in patients with hydatid cyst. Methods and Material: Retrospectively, We have evaluated the demographic data, laboratory examinations and imaging from 60 patient with diagnosis of hydatid cyst. These results were analyzed to assess and compared with each other. Results: The most commonly affected age group was 25-45 years. The most frequently involved lobe was the right lobe and segment 6. No caudate lobe involvement was detected. There was no elevation of eosinophil count in patients with extrahepatic involvement. Conclusions: The combination of clinical history, radiological and serological test results is valuable in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. In addition, the presence of multiple cysts should be investigated in patients with high eosinophil value. The possibility of multiple cysts in the liver should be kept in mind in hydatid cyst patients with elevated aspartate transaminase level.

Assessment of the Adherence of Radiologists in Reporting the Ovarian Cysts to the 2010 Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Guidelines.

The objective of this study was to determine the adherence of radiologists to the guideline of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU)-2010 for the follow-up of ovarian cysts in patients during 2015-2016. The patients' data, referring for transvaginal and pelvic ultrasonography, suffering from ovarian cyst were assessed in terms of menopause status, cyst size, and type, as well as follow-ups recommended by radiologist to assess the adherence of reports to SRU-2010. Three hundred and sixty-four sonography reports were investigated. Seventy-seven percent of the reports had adhered to SRU-2010, 9.9% and 9.1% had under/overmanagement, and 4.1% was incomplete. 94.2% and 5.8% of cases were in pre/postmenopause status, respectively. The highest adherence belonged to cysts in size <1 cm, 1-3 cm, 5-7 cm. The highest adherence, over/undermanagement, and incomplete reports belonged to corpus luteum, hemorrhagic, dermoid cysts, and nodules without flow. The adherence of sonography reports to SRU-2010 for accidental ovarian cysts was 76.9%. The tendency for overmanagement of simple cysts in premenopausal women and the tendency for undermanagement in simple cysts and in postmenopausal women were higher, respectively. It is expected that more training of the guideline to radiologists will lead to the reduction of unnecessary follow-up, which in turn leads to reduced patient's anxiety and cost of treatment.

Forty-five patients with hydatid liver cysts: Preoperative eosinophil and postoperative liver enzyme elevations after cystectomy and resection

Aim: Although the individualized and multidisciplinary treatment approach is important in the management of liver hydatid cyst, treatment modalities include medical, interventional or minimally invasive, and surgical. Our aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of eosinophil number and percentage as an inexpensive and practical method that may be useful in the prediction of preoperative recurrence in patients who have undergone surgery for hydatid cysts. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for hydatid cyst of the liver at our University Medical Faculty Hospital in the last 8 years were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, history of animal contact, cyst size, ELISA tests, preoperative neutrophils, preoperative eosinophils, preoperative albendazole use, postoperative albendazole use, postoperative AST, postoperative ALT, postoperative INR, complications, and recurrences were analyzed. Results: A total of 45 patients with complete data sets were included. The mean preoperative neutrophil and eosinophil percentages were 60.20% (30%-96%) and 4.57% (1%-41%), respectively. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 patients (4.4%); these complications were collections in the operating lung and cystobiliary fistula. The mean postoperative AST, ALT, INR were 139.13 (12-636), 155.31 (7-569), 1.06 (0.9-2.6), respectively. The mean hospital stay was 13.4 days (2-90). The mean duration of albendazole use in the postoperative period was 3.66 months (1-24 months). Recurrence was observed in 9 cases (20%) during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Although hydatid cysts and eosinophilia are reported in literature, association of eosinophilia with recurrence, size and prognosis is not reported. Our study showed that preoperative eosinophils and eosinophil/neutrophil ratio are inexpensive, easily accessible and effective in predicting recurrence. We believe that the validity of the tests will increase as eosinophil percentage and eosinophil/neutrophil percentage (ENPR), for which cut-off values have been established, become more widely used and tested in prospective controlled studies with larger groups.

Cystic dilatation of the ventriculus terminalis: A narrative review.

The terminal ventricle, also known as the fifth ventricle, is a tiny relic cavity in the conus medullaris of the human spinal cord. Our purpose in bringing attention to this condition is to get the word out about the signs and symptoms, diagnostic hurdles, and therapeutic options available for it. All relevant studies involving patients diagnosed with ventriculus terminalis (VT) were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies published in complete English language reports were included. The terms VT, terminal ventricle, and 5th ventricle. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of patients with ventriculus terminalis were all included and recorded. The average age of the patients was 39 years, and there were 13 men among them (14.4%). Motor deficits and sciatica were the most commonly reported symptoms in 38 and 34 patients (42.2%, 37.7%), respectively. In 48 patients (53.3%), cyst fenestration was performed, and in 25 patients (27.7%), myelotomy was performed. Fifty-eight patients (64.4%) saw a reduction in cyst size after surgery. The majority of patients reported an improvement in their symptoms in 64 cases (51.1%), with only three cases (3.3%) reporting a worsening. In cases where the VT is the source of symptoms such as motor, sensory, or bladder dysfunction, surgical intervention is recommended. This review compiles information from the available literature to shed light on the anatomy, clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment options for this variant. It also aims to pinpoint any potential drawbacks or restrictions connected to the surgical techniques.

Giant hydatid cyst with multivisceral compromise. Extracorporeal circulation for major resection

Background: Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the echinococcus microorganism, a parasite with 6 described species in literature, the main one in humans being echinococcus granulosus. Transmission in humans is via the fecal-oral route, with main hepatopulmonary involvement but with a high risk of systemic dissemination. Diagnosis is generally incidental, patients present a wide range of non-specific signs and symptoms, however, some of them are closely related to localization, size, and quantity of cysts. The latent risk of this infection is septic shock secondary to intraperitoneal rupture, which increases the risk of mortality. The gold standard of management involves anthelmintic therapy and radical surgical management.

Gross and histopathological changes in liver and lung of cattle and sheep infected with hydatid cyst

The present study was conducted in the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse, during the period from November 2020 to March 2021, were collected 200 specimens of infected liver and lungs of sheep and cattle. The objective of the study is to investigate the number of hydatid cyst infections in cattle and sheep to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, number and size of cysts in each lung and liver, comparison between the thickness of cysts wall in the liver of sheep and cattle infested with echinococcosis. The results of the macroscopic study showed the total number of cysts found in the liver of slaughtered sheep was 673 in different size groups while in the lung of slaughtered sheep, the total number of cysts was 216 cysts in different size groups. The examination of the lung of infected cattle during the period of our study revered no cystic lesions in the study while the total number of cysts found in the liver of slaughtered cattle was 158 in different group sizes, almost 50 % of the size of the hydatid cyst in the sheep liver is between 1-3 cm, while in cattle is between 3-5 cm. The microscopic investigation of the liver and lung specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and another stain was used in this study to evaluate the fibrous tissue proliferation via Masson's trichrome stain. showed there were features of chronic inflammation in hepatic tissue of infested sheep and cattle by cystic echinococcosis represented by marginal fibrous tissue layer surrounding the hydatid cyst, infiltration of mononuclear cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and fibrocytes. The main conclusions of the study revealed that there were significant differences between the thickness of germinativum, laminated and adventitial layers of hydatid cysts in different size groups, and no hydatid cysts were recognized in the lung of slaughtered cattle during the study period.

Role of videolaparoscopy in the surgical treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis

Introduction and Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is the most common parasitic disease in Kyrgyzstan, which can affect all organs and organ systems of the body, but its most common localization is the liver and lungs. This study aimed to describe the possibilities and main stages of videolaparoscopy in the surgical treatment of hepatic CE. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients aged 17-64 years who were under observation were admitted to the surgical department of our hospital from 2018-2022, were diagnosed with hepatic CE, and underwent surgical treatment by videolaparoscopy. Results: The variant of the surgical technique was based on the use of three trocars including paraumbilical (basic – 10mm), epigastric (introduction and removal of a rubber sac with a chitinous sheath – 10 mm), and hypochondrium (on the right – 5mm). Only in three cases, it became necessary to include the 4th trocar mesogastric (on the right – 5mm), as demonstrated. The operation duration was 60±5 minutes. Drainage in the abdominal cavity was installed according to the location of the cavity and removed for 2-3 days. Conclusion: Laparoscopic methods of treatment of hepatic CE provide greater efficiency when performed with proper surgical manipulations by considering the size and localization of cysts.

Histopathological and Biochemical Evaluation of Albendazole in the Treatment of Infected Mice with Hydatid Cyst

Introduction: Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a prevalent parasitic disease affecting both humans and animals. Albendazole is currently the most effective drug for treating hydatid cysts. This research aimed to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of Albendazole on the liver, lung, and kidney of mice experimentally infected by hydatid cysts.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A total of 20 mice weighing approximately 220 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into the Albendazole group (100 mg/kg/day) and the control group (infected Rats without treatment). At the end of the experiment, tissue samples from the liver, lung, and kidney were collected for histopathological evaluation. Liver blood tests were used to assess liver functions or liver injury (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin).&#x0D; Results: After 30 days of daily treatment, the total numbers of cysts, size, and weight of the largest cyst were significantly lower in the Albendazole group, compared to the control group. The study addressed histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and lungs caused by hydatid cysts, such as tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and local inflammation, indicating the potential for serious complications and significant damage to these organs. The group treated with Albendazole showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and lungs, compared to the control group. This suggests that Albendazole may trigger a more aggressive response in these organs to the cysts, leading to increased tissue damage. In addition, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin concentrations revealed a significant increase in the Albendazole group.&#x0D; Conclusion: While Albendazole is an effective drug for treating hydatidosis, it can also cause severe side effects on various organs in the body. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies need to be developed to minimize these adverse effects.