Rupture Of Cyst Research Articles

Case Report] Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Haemoperitoneum with Tumour Perforation

We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with haemoperitoneum and acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following the rupture of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), the first documented case of its kind. Although DIC is known to be associated with ovarian cancer, acute DIC with bleeding in the clear cell variant has not been reported. The patient, who had a right adnexal lesion, was found to have anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Intra-abdominal bleeding due to the rupture of a malignant ovarian cyst associated with DIC was identified as the cause. After surgery, the DIC resolved, suggesting that OCCC can be an aetiology for acute DIC and bleeding.

A life-threatening encounter: an uncommon case of ruptured hydatid cyst presenting as anaphylactic shock and respiratory distress in a 12-year-old boy

Introduction and importance: Although rare, the spontaneous rupture of a lung hydatid cyst or its perforation into the pleural cavity can give rise to an abrupt onset of symptoms, including cough, fever, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and hypersensitivity reactions, and can ultimately lead to respiratory failure. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room with a loss of consciousness. Symptoms included tachypnea, fever, low blood pressure, and overall respiratory distress. After resuscitation, a chest X-ray revealed a distinct, well-defined round opacity located in the lower region of the right lung, leading to mediastinal displacement. After confirmation of the disease, the child was hospitalized in the ICU care and consequently underwent surgery. Treatment was successful and there was no recurrence on the follow-up. Clinical discussion: Studies have demonstrated that the right lower lobe of the lung is the most frequently affected area of the lung by hydatid cysts. Symptomatic and complicated hydatid cysts are a rare concept in children, and only a small percentage, are diagnosed in patients younger than 16 years. Surgery remains the preferred treatment for the majority of patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. It is important to note that combined surgery and chemotherapy represents the current gold standard in managing pulmonary hydatid cyst. Conclusion: Although anaphylactic shock caused by a ruptured lung hydatid cyst is rare, it should be taken into consideration by physicians as a differential diagnosis in patients who also have respiratory symptoms, particularly in endemic areas.

An arachnoid cyst rupture complicated with subdural hygroma in a middle-aged woman: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundArachnoid cysts (ACs) account for about 1% of all intracranial mass lesions. The Sylvian fissure is the most common site of ACs which are usually asymptomatic. Traumatic rupture of arachnoid cysts complicated with subdural hygroma is a relatively rare entity in adults especially in females. There is no consensus on their management and each case could add to previous experiences leading to more uniform therapeutic measurements. This case encompasses a combination of watchful strategy, limited surgery and ultimately successful cyst fenestration which highlights a good outcome without complications by adopting a stepwise procedure.Case presentationHere, the case of a 51-year-old Persian woman being presented with a 2-month history of a localized headache which had begun 4 days after a minor head trauma. Early brain computed tomography (CT) obtained in another center at 4th day of post-injury which misinterpreted as an old infarct. Repeated CT in our center revealed a large AC of Sylvian fissure complicated with subdural hygroma. Initially a conservative management pursued but due to worsening of the symptoms, a burr-hole craniotomy performed for hygroma evacuation that subsequently followed by cyst fenestration about 1-month later.ConclusionPrevious awareness about radiographic characteristics of ACs as well as employing appropriate imaging modality are necessary for correct and timely diagnosis of symptomatic patients after minor head trauma because incidentally found ACs might be the underpinning causes of symptoms. Also, following a multistage therapeutic process along with the involvement of patients in decision-making are of paramount importance.

Clinical features of patients with previous spontaneous rupture of ovarian endometrioma operated electively: a case-control study

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to investigate the proportion and clinical features of previous spontaneously ruptured ovarian endometrioma among women who underwent elective surgery for endometrioma.MethodsThis retrospective study was based on a cohort of elective surgeries for endometrioma performed by the same gynecologic team at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to October 2022. Patients diagnosed with previous spontaneously ruptured endometrioma during elective surgery were enrolled in the ruptured group. In the same cohort, patients with unruptured endometrioma treated during the same period were selected as the unruptured group by 1:2 matching according to age. Demographic and clinical information were collected and compared between two groups.ResultsA total of 422 patients in the cohort were diagnosed with endometrioma. There were 38 patients (9.0%) in ruptured group and 76 patients in unruptured group. All enrolled participants were treated by laparoscopic surgery. In ruptured group, 86.8% patients had a history of acute abdominal pain, which was only 13.2% in unruptured group (P < 0.001). Compared to unruptured group, patients diagnosed with ruptured endometrioma had a lower BMI (P = 0.021), larger maximum diameter of endometrioma (P = 0.040), higher proportion of cul-de-sac partial obliteration rather than complete obliteration (P = 0.003).ConclusionsSpontaneous rupture of endometrioma is not rare. The proportion of spontaneous rupture of endometrioma in our study was higher than that reported in the literatures. In women with endometrioma, the onset of acute abdominal pain should be considered a rupture of cyst, especially in patients with big cysts.

Spontaneous Primary Pneumothorax as A Complication of Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

NF1 is a genetic disease that results in cutaneous conditions, including neurofibroma, axillary, inguinal lentigines and café au lait spots. In some cases (5-20%) it can also affect the lungs, causing neurofibroma, infiltrative and cystic lesions, emphysema or bullae, leading to chronic respiratory failure.SSP is a clinical presentation of NF1 caused by the rupture of lung cysts or bullae, with an unclear relationship to smoking.Early diagnosis of pulmonary manifestations in patients with NF1 is crucial as surgical removal of lung cysts and bullae seems to prevent recurrence of SSP.

Emergency/Elective Surgery and Emergency Percutaneous Interventions in Liver Hydatid Cysts and Their Results.

Hydatid cyst may remain asymptomatic for several years or may become complicated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients who were operated on for liver hydatid cyst in our clinic and the results of preoperative or postoperative complications. The data of 836 patients who underwent surgery (n = 750) or Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration (n = 86) for hydatid cyst disease in our clinic between January 2006 and January 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Surgical operation was performed in 750 of the patients and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration procedure was performed in 89 of the patients. In the surgery and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration group, respiratory distress, anaphylaxis, allergic rash, and urticaria were observed in 11 patients (8 in Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration group and 3 in open surgery group). All patients recovered with emergency medical interventions. Recurrence was observed after the percutaneous procedure in 11 cases and after surgery in 36 cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the surgical and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration groups in terms of recurrence and cyst infection (P = .253 and P = .547, respectively). The incidence of the development of intrabiliary rupture, allergic reaction, and intraperitoneal rupture was found 135 (16.14%), 12 (1.43%), and 2 (0.23%) in our study, respectively. Intraperitoneal or intrabiliary rupture is a rare but fatal complication of hydatid cyst. The presence of fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, urticaria, and anaphylactic reactions in endemic areas should take the suspicion of hydatid cyst rupture. The timing of surgery is an important factor affecting morbidity and mortality. Detailed exploration of the abdomen in emergency surgery for rupture hydatid cyst is essential for recurrence.

S3297 A Rare Case of Esophageal Obstruction After Rupture of an Esophageal Duplication Cyst

S3297 A Rare Case of Esophageal Obstruction After Rupture of an Esophageal Duplication Cyst

Management of Borderline Ovarian Tumours: Tertiary Centre Experience from Turkey.

This study aimed to analyse the management protocols, surgical approaches, and outcomes of the women with Borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) at Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. One hundred and seventy-seven patients diagnosed with serous and mucinous BOT were enrolled in the study. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were reviewed retrospectively from the medical records. The patients were divided into two groups according to surgical interventions: Laparoscopy group (n=50) and Laparotomy group (n=127). Treatment was conservative in 107 (60.5%) patients. Mean age at diagnosis (48.69 ± 12.52 vs. 41.1±11.66 years, p<0.001), tumour size (84.13 ± 51.85 mm vs. 67.1 ± 34.78 mm, p = 0.013), and number of postmenopausal patients (n = 55 vs. 9, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the Laparotomy group. There were no significant differences in the rates of intraoperative cyst rupture (22% vs. 18%, p = 0.120) and recurrence (2.25% vs. 5.05%, p = 0.760). There was no difference between radical vs. conservative surgery and laparotomy vs. laparoscopy in terms of recurrences. In appropriate cases, the conservative treatment and laparoscopy may be preferred. Key Words: Borderline ovarian tumour, Laparoscopy, Laparotomy.

Clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical treatment of intrabiliary ruptured hydatid disease of the liver

Background: Intrabiliary rupture (IBR) of liver hydatid cyst is common and serious and fatal complication. The incidence of (IBR) varies from 1% to 25%. The treatment of IBR is still controversial among surgfons. We aimed to show clinical presentations, diagnosis treatment and outcome of IBR in liver hydatid cysts by reviewing our cases. Method: In a retrospective study we collected data of records of all patients who were operated on for hydatid disease of the liver operated between 2016 and 2021 at Razi teaching and privat Arya Hospital were review. 322 patients who had been operated for hydatid cyst of the liver were detected. Approval for this study was obtained from our Institutional Review Board. Results: Intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts of the liver was determined in 14 of the patients was in frank IBR and 32 patient with occult IBR was determined in 322 patients was operated for hydatid cysts of the liver. The average age of patients was 28 to 64 years (range 21 - 68 years). . The most frequent symptoms were right upper quadrant,epigastric pain, dyspepsia, jaundice,fever,wight loss and pruritus Conclusions: Intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts of the liver is the most common complication. With appropriate evaluation and intervention, this will lead to decresed postoperative bile leakage and fistula formation, a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Every effort should be made to detect and prevent these complications,ERCPand MRCPcan hellpfor diagnosis and treatmen or IBR .Laparatomy, choledochal exploration should be performed during operation. For decompress intrabiliary pressure T-tube drainage may be preferred in the management of intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts because of deresed morbidity, the ability to, easier monitoring of the biliary drainage.

Surgical outcome and prognostic factors for 39 recurrent spinal hydatid cysts.

Cystic bone echinococcosis accounts for 0.5-4% of all reported cases, and 45% occur in the spine. Our aim was to review the clinical and radiological features, surgery, and outcomes for 39 patients with recurrent spinal hydatidosis. Thirty-nine reports of patients with recurrent spinal hydatidosis (2011-2020) were followed for an average of 9.28 ± 5.60 months. Lesions occurred in descending order in the; lumbar (48.7%), thoracic (43.6%), and cervical spine (7.7%). Total cyst resection was achieved in 28 of 39 patients (71.8%). Intraoperative cyst rupture occurred in 13 patients (33.3%). The postoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score was "good" in 82% of patients. Those with "poor" postoperative ASIA scores had a 41% incidence of recurrent thoracic hydatid cysts; further, they demonstrated significantly higher recurrence rates if cysts had ruptured intraoperatively (P = 0.001). In addition, laminectomy, subtotal original cyst resection (P < 0.007), and a thoracic location were all significantly associated with higher recurrence rates (P < 0.04). The majority of patients demonstrated improvement following surgery for cervical hydatid cysts. Notably, those with poor outcomes typically experienced intraoperative ruptures of their thoracic hydatid cysts, contributing to high cyst recurrence rates.

Assessment of Imaging Factors Associated with Baker's Cyst Rupture on Knee MRI.

To identify the factors associated with Baker's cyst rupture on MRI. From January 2021 to December 2022, a total of 441 knee MRI examinations in 441 patients (mean age: 47.7 ± 13.8 years) with Baker's cyst were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups: those with ruptured vs. unruptured Baker's cysts. On knee radiograph, osteoarthritis grade was assessed based on Kellgren-Lawrence grade. On MRI, combined structure injuries, alignment type between semimembranosus tendon and medial head of gastrocnemius tendon, amount of joint effusion, presence of septation, maximal diameters of cyst, and cyst volume were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive performances of imaging factors for cyst rupture. There were 146 patients with Baker's cyst rupture and 295 patients without rupture. Patients with cyst rupture showed significantly longer maximal transverse diameter (25.8 ± 6.8 mm vs. 21.6 ± 5.8 mm, p = 0.035) and larger volume (13.3 ± 6.2 cm3 vs. 9.9 ± 5.1 cm3, p = 0.012) than those without rupture. On ROC analysis, maximal transverse diameter of cyst ≥ 22.2 mm (sensitivity = 64.4%, specificity = 54.9%) and cyst volume ≥ 10.9 cm3 (sensitivity = 71.2%, specificity = 58.3%) were the cutoff values for predicting rupture of cyst, respectively. The cyst volume showed significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) than maximal transverse diameter (0.726 vs. 0.642, p = 0.002). Longer transverse diameter and larger volume of Baker's cyst could be predictive imaging parameters for cyst rupture.

Don't miss it: Extremity-located cyst hydatid may mimic soft tissue tumors.

In this study, we present our experience in patients with hydatid cysts located intramuscularly. Between May 2018 and May 2023, a total of 11 patients (3 males, 8 females; mean age: 29.1±13.6 years; range, 8 to 56 years) with intramuscular hydatid cysts were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, laboratory values, serological test results, location and size of the cyst, radiological imaging findings, and complications were recorded. The mean follow-up was 44.3±17.3 (range, 5 to 60) months. The mean mass size at the time of admission was 5.4±3.3 (range, 2 to 14) cm. Serologic tests were positive in the majority of cases (72.7%). Eosinophilia was negative in 72.7% patients. The rate of isolated muscle involvement was 81.8%. The rate of lower extremity involvement was 72.7%. The most common involvement was leg (36.4%), thigh (18.2%), and shoulder (18.2%). One patient developed compartment syndrome after cyst rupture during neoadjuvant antihelmintic therapy. There was no recurrence in any of the patients. Hydatid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of slowly growing, deeply located, painless soft tissue masses, particularly in endemic areas. Although it is a rare complication, compartment syndrome may develop after spontaneous cyst rupture. Neoadjuvant antihelmintic chemotherapy can reduce complications. The combination of total surgical excision and chemotherapy yields successful results in the treatment of hydatid cysts located in the muscle.

A TGFβ-ECM-integrin signaling axis drives structural reconfiguration of the bile duct to promote polycystic liver disease.

The formation of multiple cysts in the liver occurs in a number of isolated monogenic diseases or multisystemic syndromes, during which bile ducts develop into fluid-filled biliary cysts. For patients with polycystic liver disease (PCLD), nonsurgical treatments are limited, and managing life-long abdominal swelling, pain, and increasing risk of cyst rupture and infection is common. We demonstrate here that loss of the primary cilium on postnatal biliary epithelial cells (via the deletion of the cilia gene Wdr35) drives ongoing pathological remodeling of the biliary tree, resulting in progressive cyst formation and growth. The development of cystic tissue requires the activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, which promotes the expression of a procystic, fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix and which itself is perceived by a changing profile of integrin receptors on the cystic epithelium. This signaling axis is conserved in liver cysts from patients with either autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease, indicating that there are common cellular mechanisms for liver cyst growth regardless of the underlying genetic cause. Cyst number and size can be reduced by inhibiting TGFβ signaling or integrin signaling in vivo. We suggest that our findings represent a therapeutic route for patients with polycystic liver disease, most of whom would not be amenable to surgery.

Primary cerebral cystic echinococcosis in a child from Roman countryside: Source attribution and scoping review of cases from the literature.

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the species belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Parasitic cysts causing human CE are mainly localized in the liver and in the lungs. In a smaller number of cases, larvae may establish in any organ or tissue, including the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebral CE (CCE) is rare but poses serious clinical challenges. This study presents a case of CCE in a child living in the countryside near Rome (Italy), along with a comparative molecular analysis of the isolated cyst specimens from the patient and sheep of local farms. We also systematically searched the literature to summarize the most relevant epidemiological and clinical aspects of this uncommon localization. The comparative molecular analysis confirmed that the infection was caused by E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (G3 genotype), and most likely acquired in the family farm. The literature search identified 2,238 cases of CCE. In 80.51% of cases, brain was the only localization and single CCE cysts were present in 84.07% of cases. Mean patients' age was 20 years and 70.46% were children. Cyst rupture was reported in 12.96% and recurrence of CCE after treatment in 9.61% of cases. Permanent disability was reported in 7.86% of cases, while death occurred in 6.21%. In case series reporting all CE localization, CCE represented 1.5% of all CE cases. In the few reports that identified at molecular level the CCE cyst, E. granulosus s.s. was found in 40% and E. canadensis in 60% of cases. We report a rare case of CCE and evidenced the probable local origin of infection. The proportions of CE cases with uncommon localizations and with high impact on patients' lives have been globally neglected and should be included in the computation of the global burden of CE.

The regulatory role of differential microRNA expressions on cellular inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-10 in Echinococcus granulosus-induced anaphylaxis.

To determine the pathogenesis and molecular targets of anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cyst fluid leakage. First, Balb/c mice were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, and then the anaphylaxis model was developed. The mice were separated into: anaphylaxis caused by the cystic echinococcosis group (ANPC), the cystic echinococcosis without anaphylaxis group (CE group), and the normal control group (CTRL). Following this, the spleen tissue was collected for microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. Using bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs) were identified. Then, through the use of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, the key target genes for miRNA regulation associated with echinococcosis-induced anaphylaxis were identified. ANPC and CE groups have 29 and 39 DEMscompared to the CTRL group, respectively. Based on these 25 DEMs, interactions between miRNA and mRNA were screened, and 174 potential target genes were identified. We performed gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathwayenrichment analysis on these 174 target genes, and the results revealed that the three pathways with the highest enrichment were the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion. The interaction analysis of PPI and miRNA-hub gene networks revealed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) was regulated by miR-146a-5p and miR-149-5p, while IL-10 was regulated by miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that the miRNAs regulating IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated in the ANPC group, and there are three pathways involved in that process: Pathways of PI3K-Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Focal adhesion. IL-6 and IL-10 play an important role in cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, the aforementioned results provide significant reference value for elucidating the mechanism of cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis in echinococcosis-induced anaphylaxis, and for formulating tissue and organ protection strategies for patients with cystic echinococcosis when anaphylaxis is triggered by hydatid cyst rupture.

LA RUPTURE INTRA-PLEURALE DU KYSTE HYDATIQUE DU POUMON

Introduction:Intra-pleural rupture of the hydatid cyst of the lung is a rare but serious complication. Our study aims to determine the particularities of this complication, the contributing factors and to expose the therapeutic methods used as well as their results. Material and Methods:Between January 2015 and December 2020, 594 patients were admitted for surgical management of pulmonary hydatidosis. 52 of them had a ruptured hydatid cyst in the pleura.The different variables studied were age, sex, clinical symptoms, radiological and biological data and the type of surgery performed. Results:They are 34 men and 18 women with an average age of 22 years (4-49 years). Symptoms were mainly represented by cough, chest pain and dyspnea. Surgical treatment was essentially conservative requiring prior decortication (92.30%). parenchymal resection by segmentectomy or lobectomy was performed in only 6 cases. Our results in terms of morbidity were satisfaying. Conclusion:Intra-pleural rupture of the hydatid cyst of the lung is a rare complication seen in young males with a large peripheral cyst. Surgical treatment must be instituted quickly once the diagnosis is established in order to avoid progression to complications, in particular secondary pleural contamination.

Spontaneous rupture of a benign renal cyst A rare and misleading cause of Wunderlich syndrome

Wunderlich syndrome (WS) is a rare condition characterized by acute onset of spontaneous renal hemorrhage into the subcapsular and perirenal spaces. Wunderlich syndrome is classically characterized by the Lenk's triad: acute flank pain, flank mass, and hypovolemic shock. In this vignette; we describe our experience with a previously healthy adult female who presented with loin pain for weeks followed by gross hematuria, anemia and hypotension. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen and pelvis revealed; (a) an ill-defined hyperechoic mass-like lesion measuring 4.6X4.1 cm at its upper pole of right kidney which, on doppler study, had minimal internal vascularity, (b) moderate perinephric hematoma, moderate hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Triphasic CT scan and MRI, with contrast, of the abdomen and pelvis disclosed a case of ruptured benign cyst and ruled out renal cancer and vascular etiologies. The patient was treated conservatively and did not require renal embolization or nephrectomy. In conclusion; ruptured renal cysts is a rare cause for WS yet requires prompt management with patient’s stabilization and diagnostic approach. Contrary to the more common etiologies viz. tumors and vasculopathy; it rarely requires more than conservative treatment in stable patients.

Diagnostic imaging of ovarian endometrioma rupture with hemoperitoneum

An endometrioid ovarian cyst (known as endometrioma) is the most common variant of external endometriosis. Clinical symptoms range from asymptomatic to negatively affecting on quality of life and daily activities of a reproductive age woman. Rupture of an endometrioid cyst with hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity occurs in 3% of women with this pathology, which is a rare complication.&#x0D; Ruptured endometrioid cysts may present a diagnostic and surgical challenge: patients may have acute abdominal symptoms and hemodynamic instability, also imaging of a ruptured endometrioid cyst may mimic ovarian malignancy. Therefore, the emergency radiologist needs to know the semiotics of an endometrioid cyst with rupture and hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity.&#x0D; We represent the clinical case of a prime diagnosed large endometrioid cyst in a 32-year-old patient, complicated by hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity. In the emergency department, the patient underwent native computed tomography and ultrasound investigation.&#x0D; Based on the study of Russian and foreign literature, the review was made about main aspects of radiation semiotics of endometrioid cysts with rupture and hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity and about of differential diagnosis of rupture of endometrioid cysts with ruptures of functional cysts and malignant cystic ovarian formations.

Laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts during pregnancy under urgent situations.

Majority of adnexal masses are incidental findings during pregnancy and resolve spontaneously. They may complicate pregnancy due to haemorrhage, cyst rupture and ovarian torsion. Laparoscopy is the preferred surgical intervention owing to shorter operative time, quicker recovery and lower post-operative pain. However, safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery in the management of ovarian cysts in pregnant women is challenging especially at advanced gestational ages and in urgent situations. In this retrospective study, a total of 48 cases of urgent laparoscopic surgeries were evaluated in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy between March 2018 and March 2021 in Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. The operations were ended in all patients successfully. The mean operation time was 45 min. There were no foetal maternal complications. All pregnancies had been terminated after 37 weeks of gestation. Oophorectomy had been performed in six patients and six other patients needed blood transfusion. Ovarian torsion was the most common reason for emergency surgery and mature teratoma was the most commonly reported pathology. Tocolytic therapy was required in six patients, and all of the patients were prescribed 50 mg of injectable progesterone twice daily for 10 days after surgery. The mean intra-abdominal pressure was equal to 15 mmHg and the mean end-expiratory carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) pressure was 36 mmHg. Intravenous paracetamol was used to relieve post-operative pain. The mean hospitalisation time was 1.63 days. Most of the ovarian cysts can be managed laparoscopically with ensured safety and lower morbidity even in emergency situations at advanced gestational ages.

The first case of Echinococcus canadensis found in a moose in Norway: What does it entail?

The first case of Echinococcus canadensis found in a moose in Norway: What does it entail?