Cyperus Scariosus Research Articles

Retraction of “Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and biological potentials of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the polar extract of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Cyperaceae)”

Retraction of “Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and biological potentials of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the polar extract of <i>Cyperus scariosus</i> R.Br. (Cyperaceae)”

Study of Avicennan unani drug saad kufi (Cyperus scariosus R.Br) for cardiac activity on isolated Langendorff rat heart

Cardioprotective Unani drug, Saad Kufi (Cyperus scariosus R.Br.), mentioned by the intellectual colossus Ibn Sina (Avicenna) a thousand years back in his book, “Kitab al-Adviya al-Qalbia” and still widely used by Unani physicians, was selected for experimental study. The main objective of the study was to explore the trial drug ex vivo for validation, hemodynamic elucidation, and molecular mechanism identification for the improvement of Unani therapeutics and to identify a safe and effective novel cardiovascular drug for mainstream medicine. Five doses of 50% ethanolic extract of the physiochemically standardized root were studied in a normal rat heart, on a semi-automated Langendorff apparatus supported with an advanced data acquisition system, perfused with carbogenated non-recirculating Kreb’s-Hensleit solution, at constant flow mode, by continuous recording. The effect of 6 repetitions (n = 6) of each dose was studied with the following parameters on the Lab chart pro version: heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, cardiac work, and coronary pressure. The significance of the difference was determined by the student’s “t” test. Results of all doses of Saad Kufi showed a significant increase in the above parameters. The maximum increase was observed by Dose III. It could be concluded that Unani’s clinical use of Saad Kufi (C. scariosus R.Br) as cardioprotective was validated and higher doses were indicated to be clinically optimal. Hemodynamically and molecular mechanism-wise, it is indicated to be a sympathomimetic or inotropic-like agent and possibly a direct vasodilator. Since existing long-term treatment of heart failure is not done by cardiac stimulants or positive inotropic and chronotropic agents, the possible future clinical demonstration of therapeutic improvement in heart failure will bring Saad Kufi as a novel drug in mainstream medicine.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and biological potentials of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the polar extract of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Cyperaceae)

Abstract In this study, the polar root extract of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. was used for the biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs. The results of this study show that ZnO NPs have a spherical structure with an average size of 85.4 nm. The synthesized catalysts were tested for their photocatalytic activity by degrading methyl orange and methylene blue under sunlight. Improved degradation efficiencies of 79.44% and 84.92% were achieved within 120 min. ZnO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (18 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20 mm) and Gram-negative strains of Escherichia coli (16 mm) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (14 mm), as shown by the inhibition zones, which were comparable to the positive control (ceftriaxone) but larger than the plant root extract. ZnO NPs showed high antioxidant activity, as a ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay value of 66.29 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) and a DPPH value of 57.44 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) were obtained at a concentration of 500 µL, which was higher than those of the C. scariosus root extract. Quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid content yielded values of 57.63 µg (GAE µg·mL−1) and 70.59 µg (QCE µg·mL−1), respectively. At a concentration of 500 μL (1 mg·mL−1), the tested nanoparticles (NPs) showed a greater anti-inflammatory effect (84.12%) compared to the root extract of C. scariosus (34.39%). Overall, our findings highlight the versatile properties of green synthesized ZnO NPs and demonstrate their potential for environmental remediation and antimicrobial formulations, as well as promising candidates for further investigation in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and therapy.

Chemoprofiling and medicinal potential of underutilized leaves of Cyperus scariosus

Agro-waste is the outcome of the under-utilization of bioresources and a lack of knowledge to re-use this waste in proper ways or a circular economy approach. In the Indian medicinal system, the root of Cyperus scariosus (CS) is used at a large scale due to their vital medicinal properties. Unfortunately, the aerial part of CS is treated as agro-waste and is an under-utilized bioresource. Due to a lack of knowledge, CS is treated as a weed. This present study is the first ever attempt to explore CS leaves as medicinally and a nutrient rich source. To determine the food and nutritional values of the neglected part of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (CS), i.e. CS leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of CS were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES-based methods. The content of the phytochemicals observed in HPLC analysis for caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, trans-p-coumaric acid, and trans-ferulic acid was 10.51, 276.15, 279.09, 70.53, and 36.83 µg/g, respectively. In GC–MS/MS analysis, fatty acids including linolenic acid, phytol, palmitic acid, etc. were identified. In ICPOES analysis, the significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The TPC and TFC of the CS leaves was 17.933 mg GAE eq./g and 130.767 mg QCE eq./g along with an IC50 value of 2.78 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and better antacid activity was measured than the standard (CaCO3). The methanolic extract of CS leaves showed anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15 ± 2 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ± 2 mm) and Escherichia coli (10 ± 2 mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained from the antioxidant, antiacid, and anti-microbial studies. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of the CS leaves. This study, thus, demonstrated the medicinal significance of the under-utilized part of CS and the conversion of agro-waste into mankind activity as a pharmaceutical potent material. Consequently, the present study highlighted that CS leaves have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and have a large potential in the pharmaceutical industry along with improving bio-valorization and the environment.

A review on the pharmacological effect of Cyperus scariosus

A review on the pharmacological effect of Cyperus scariosus

Cyperus scariosus extract based greenly synthesized gold nanoparticles as colorimetric nanoprobe for Ni2+ detection and as antibacterial and photocatalytic agent

Nanoparticles (NPs) having diameter in the range of 1–100 nm has been extensively studied for their broad range applications in the field of catalysis, sensing, energy storage and biology. The NPs can be synthesized utilizing multiple approaches, such as sol–gel method, hydrothermal, chemical reduction and green synthesis etc. However, green synthesis utilizing the plant extract as reducing and capping agent has grabbed the special attention due to its eco-friendly, non-hazardous and cost-effective nature. Herein, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is being reported utilizing aqueous extract of Cyperus scariosus roots (CSRE) under sunlight irradiation. CSRE@AuNPs have been successfully characterized by UV–Visible and FTIR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-rayspectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and powder diffraction analysis (PXRD). Average size of the CSRE@AuNPs has been found ∼50 nm. Due to appropriate band gap of CSRE@AuNPs in the range of visible light, these NPs have evaluated for the photocatalytic potential to degrade hazardous organic dye i.e., methylene blue (MB). The NPs were proved to be efficient catalyst by 80% degradation of MB dye in just 90 min exposure to sunlight. These NPs have also been screened for the selective sensing of heavy metal ions in spiked water. CSRE@AuNPs had shown selective colorimetric response for the detection of Ni2+ with limit of detection (LOD) of 118.5 nM and a linear range of 0–300 µM at optimized temperature of 40 °C at wide range of pH (3–9). The zeta potential and hydrodynamic size measurements were carried out to study the effect of Ni2+ on nanoparticle aggregation. A decrease in value of zeta potential from −34.4 to −0.116 mV (ignore the sign) and increase in value of DLS size from 53.2 to 7553 nm of the AuNPs was observed with an increase in concentration of Ni2+ ions from 0 to 300 µM. Furthermore, over 93% recovery and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of roughly 4% proved the effectiveness of this colorimetric nano-probe for Ni2+ detection in untreated natural water samples, such as river and tap water.

Nagarmotha: A Useful Medicinal Plant and its Synergistic Ophthalmic Formulations

Abstract: The basic objective of this review is to furnish extensive confirmation on the bioactive chemical compounds and pharmacological aspects of Nagarmotha, i.e., Cyperus scariosus of the family Cyperaceae and some others plants used to treat various diseases of eyes as mentioned in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrut Samhita. Nagarmotha showed an extensive ethnomedicinal record and constituted a phytonutrient pool of heuristic medicinal value. Various observations on pharmacological affirmation have illustrated the potential of plants as antioxidant, hypotensive, stimulant of the central nervous system, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, analgesic, ophthalmic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antimicrobial actions which aid its conventional benefits. Nagarmotha remained to be an important part of various prescriptions used in nearly all indigenous systems of medicines to cure a variety of ailments. Various investigations on bioactive chemical compounds revealed that Cyperus scariosus has countless essential components like essential oils, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons, steroidal saponins, ketones, cyperene, cyperol, cyprotene, flavonoids, and various polyphenolic compounds. In the present work, more emphasis is on the bioactive chemical compounds, enlistment of bioactive chemical compounds responsible for therapeutic values, conventional benefits, and their detailed reported pharmacological properties. Some of the available marketed ayurvedic preparations were also mentioned in this review. Overall, researchers may get assisted and synchronized for impending potency, profitability, and effectiveness of Nagarmotha especially, and other medicinal plants generally. The demand for herbal products is expanding immensely all around the world and several biopharmaceutical regions are nowadays managing substantial research on herbal materials for their promising medicative value. Further curative usefulness of various phytochemicals obtained from Cyperus scariosus may be validated and corroborated.

Cyperus scariosus rhizome essential oil - physio-chemical characteristics and anxiolytic potential

Essential oils are important plant products that often have a complicated composition made up of the volatile plant components. Numerous biological actions are reportedly connected to essential oils, and a new class of aromaceuticals is being developed. The market for essential oils has increased since they are used to cure these types of ailments as a result of the emergence of various mental issues due to changing living standards, such as depression, anxiety, sleeplessness, and stress. Studies on animal models have shown that the mode of action of essential oils, which cause physiological changes in the brain, involves a number of neurotransmitter systems. Despite mounting proof that essential oils have quantifiable effects on animal behavior. Therefore the current study is proposed to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of the essential oil obtained from the rhizome of Cyperus scariosus and assess its anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system in rodent models. Hydro distillation was used to extract the essential oil from the rhizomes of the plant. Total yield, physical properties like viscosity, specific gravity, refractive index, acidity, saponification, iodine no, etc were examined .Further to determine its impact on the central nervous system in a rodent model studies were performed at a dose level of 250 mg/kg body weight and compared to the benchmark medication caffeine @100 mg/kg body weight. The essential oil has a sustainably stimulating impact on the central nervous system in a proportion of 88% compared to caffeine's 68%, according to CNS locomotors count and physicochemical features that were in good accordance with literature value.

Validation of Broth Macrodilution Volatilization Method for Testing of Essential Oils in Liquid and Vapor Phase: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Effect of Indian Medicinal Plants against Pneumonia-Causing Pathogens.

Essential oils (EOs) have great potential in inhalation therapy for the treatment of respiratory infections. However, innovative methods for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of their vapors are still needed. The current study reports validation of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for assessment of the antibacterial properties of EOs and shows the growth-inhibitory effect of Indian medicinal plants against pneumonia-causing bacteria in liquid and vapor phase. Among all samples tested, Trachyspermum ammi EO exhibits the strongest antibacterial effect against Haemophilus influenzae, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL in the liquid and vapor phases, respectively. Furthermore, Cyperus scariosus EO is found to be nontoxic to normal lung fibroblasts assessed by modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. Chemical analysis performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified α-citral, cyperotundone, and thymol as the main constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, C. scariosus, and T. ammi EOs, respectively. In addition, β-cymene is identified as the major compound of T. ammi EO vapors when analyzed using solid-phase microextraction and gas-tight syringe sampling techniques. This study demonstrates the validity of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for antimicrobial screening of volatile compounds in the vapor phase and suggests the therapeutic potential of Indian medicinal plants in inhalation therapy.

Antidiabetic Properties of Natural Products of Cyperus Species Plants: A Review

Abstract: Natural products are reported to have a vital role in the treatment of various diseases and drug design. In recent developments, natural drug molecules of plant origin have been reported exclusively for diabetic management. Type-2 diabetes or hyperglycemia is one such disease which is particularly studied for plant-based therapy in the last few decades. Though various plant extracts and metabolites have been reported for potential hyperglycemic activities, the Cyperus species plants have acquired a unique place in the phytochemical study as they are endowed with various health-beneficial bioactive metabolites and have proven biological properties. The present report is focused on the Cyperus species plants that are studied for antidiabetic properties in vitro as well as in vivo and the potential metabolites identified for such activities. The antidiabetic studies of metabolites or crude products from plants such as Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus kyllingia, Cyperus laevigatus, Cyperus pangorei, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus tegetum were reviewed. The metabolites, responsible for such activities were listed from the literature survey wherever purification and identification works were reported. The review focused on the importance of natural products in managing diabetes mellitus and the pharmaceutical importance of Cyperus plants in in managing diabetes, their pharmaceutical importance, drug safety and effectiveness. The secondary metabolites listed in this review may be helpful for further molecular and clinical-level research and drug design. Keywords: Antidiabetic, α-Glucosidase inhibition, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus rotundus, Secondary metabolites.

Physico-chemical and Phyto-chemical Standardization of a Potent Unani Cardiovascular drug Saad Kufi (Cyperus scariosus R. Br)

Background: Standardization of a single potent Unani drug Saad Kufi is a must for maintaining and assessing the quality and safety as to attain the desired therapeutic effect. This will help prepare the ideal monograph which will serve in establishing its authenticity, quality, safety and reproducibility. Aim: The study aims to prepare the ideal monograph of the Saad Kufi (Cyperus scariosus R.Br)which is an important cardiovascular drug. Methodology: Physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical analyses were carried out according to the guidelines given by WHO. Result: Saad Kufi powder was coarse, brown incolor, Agreeable smell, and Tasteless. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, loss in weight on drying, pH (1% and 10% solution) were found to be16.3±0.07, 8.616±0.20, 3.1±0.30, 8.5±0.173, 5.76±0.08 and 5.23±0.08 respectively. The crude fibre content was 46.43±0.19 The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence ofalkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, sterols, glycosides, Cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, sterols/ terpenes and volatile oil. TLC studies of various extracts of drugs obtained in different solvent system have been conducted and Rf values of various spots in different solvent systems have been noted in day light, UV light and after treatment with iodine vapours. The Rf values in the given solvent are used to characterize the drugs identity and purity. Conclusion: The above findings could be considered for laying down pharmacopoeial standards. No data exhibits in this regard to compare with, thus our findings may be considered as standard for future references. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 858-864

Chemical Composition, Bioactive Potential, and Thermal Behaviour of Cyperus scariosus Essential Oil

Plant derived oils have recently been found to be more effective in pharmaceutical sectors than synthetic goods since these plants contain physiologically active chemicals with a wide range of therapeutic effects. Essential oil, also known as essence, volatile oil, etheric oil, or aetheroleum, is a complex mixture of volatile elements biosynthesised by living organisms, which is particularly abundant in aromatic plants. This research summarizes facts on the chemistry of essential oil isolated from Cyperus scariosus on the one hand and their most important biological activities on the other. The essential oil components were determined to be a complex mixture of volatile chemicals such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and their oxygenated derivatives using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thermoanalytical techniques such as TGA and DSC were used to investigate the oil's stability. Infrared spectroscopy was used to provide further information on the existence of various functional groups. Furthermore, the extracted oil's antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimalarial activities were investigated. The antimalarial activity was tested against Plasmodium falciparum, and the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity were calculated using the DPPH reagent. This comprehensive study will provide an overview of the chemicals extracted from Cyperus scariosus as well as the plant's convincing pharmacological qualities.

Evaluation of anti-hypertensive activity of ancient Unani cardiovascular drug \u201cSaad Kufi\u201d (Cyperus scariosus) in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats

BackgroundSaad Kufi (Cyperus scariosus R.Br) is a hardy grass-like perennial plant that belongs to the family Cyperaceae. Ibn Sina (Avicenna), the most significant thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age first time systematized the individual cardiac drugs in “Risala Advia Qalbia,” which deals with 63 cardiac drugs which are claimed to be beneficial for heart ailments as well as for psychiatric ailments. He described Saad as a root of a plant that is nodular, long, and slender and resembles the wheat plant. The roots which used medicinally are thick, elongated, slender, and color black and has an aromatic smell with a pungent taste. An antihypertensive effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Saad Kufi (Cyperus scariosus R.Br) [EESK] was evaluated in adrenaline-induced hypertension in Wistar albino rats. The induction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the percentage of inhibition was measured in EESK (15 and 25 mg/100 g, orally) with standard as Metoprolol (0.5 mg/100 g) orally, using tail-cuff apparatus with AD instrument power lab to evaluate the antihypertensive effect.ResultsEESK significantly decreased the induction in SBP as compared to disease control rats (p < 0.05), and there is a significant increase in the percentage of inhibition in SBP in EESK and metoprolol-treated rats as compared to the disease control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionResult data suggest that EESK possess significant antihypertensive activity in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats.

Terpenoid from essential oil of Cyperus scariosus and its biological activity on chilli

Terpenoid from essential oil of <i>Cyperus scariosus</i> and its biological activity on chilli

Development of Quality Control Parameters for Standardization of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. Roots

Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Family: Cyperaceae) is perennial and delicate slender sedge found wildly in damp or marshy areas. The present study was undertaken for the development of quality control parameters of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots. The study includes determination of various standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic studies, histochemical detection and physicochemical evaluation of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots. The morphological studies exhibited the organoleptic and surface characteristics of the roots. The microscopic study showed the presence of various characteristic features of roots like cortex, lignified endodermis, pericycle, scalariform xylem vessels, tracheids and phloem. Physicochemical constants such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values, swelling index and foaming index were established. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of root extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. These pharmacognostic features established in this study would helpful for the establishment of pharmacopoeial standards to facilitate quality control and correct identification of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. roots, also to minimize adulteration and substitution.

A comparative clinical study of two source plant Motha (Cyprus Rotundus Linn) and Nagarmotha (Cyprus Scariousus) in Sthaulya (Obeisty)

Herbal product market is increasing day by day throughout the world and various pharmaceutical companies conducting extensive research on plant material for their potential medicinal value. Motha (Cyperus rotundus), a is found in all tropical, subtropical and temperate region of the world, in India its commonly known as Motha and its in cypereacea and Nagarmotha (Cyperus Scariosus) is pestiferous perennial, delicate slender sedge found wildly in various parts of the country, especially in damp or marshy areas and collected wildly for extraction of its essential oil using steam distillation. The present review article provide an overview on comparative clinical study done on Sthaulya (Obesity).

Evaluation of Nephroprotective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cyperus scariosus Linn. in Gentamicin-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Gentamicin is a commonly used antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-negative infections, but nephrotoxicity limits its use. Cyperus scariosus Linn. (CS) has been found to have antioxidant properties in vitro. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of CS in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: The animals were divided into nine groups. AKI was produced with a 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin for 7 days. Next, α-lipoic acid 100 mg/kg i.p. served as the active control, while the test drug (CS) was given in two doses (150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg orally) for 10 days. Distilled water, 1 ml/day orally for 7 days, served as the vehicle control. The protective and curative effects, respectively, were assessed by the administration of CS before and after the induction of AKI. The effects of CS on AKI were assessed by serological and histopathological parameters. Results: Serum creatinine was significantly increased (P < 0.05) while 24 hours urine output, urine creatinine, and serum protein were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with gentamicin as compared to the control group. As the active control, α-lipoic acid showed nephroprotective effects on the urinary, serological, and histopathological parameters. C. scariosus Linn., as a preventive and curative therapy, restored urine output and altered the serological parameters non-significantly compared to the disease-control group. It also preserved the normal kidney architecture, as evidenced by histopathological parameters. Conclusions: In our study, hydroalcoholic extract of Cyperus scariosus Linn. offered nephroprotection in the form of AKI prevention and for the treatment of established AKI.

Constituents of Cypriol Oil (Cyperus scariosus R.Br.): N-Containing Molecules and Key Aroma Components.

Cypriol oil, the essential oil from Cyperus scariosus R.Br., has been investigated to reveal minor nitrogen-containing molecules and minor components responsible for the odor. A total of 21 nitrogenous components are reported, of which epi-guaipyridine (32 mg/kg), guaia-9,11-dienpyridine (9 mg/kg), and cananodine (10 mg/kg) were the most abundant. A new ketone, cyperen-8-one, with a significant woody, ambery odor could also be isolated and identified along with a novel lactone, cyperolactone, and an alcohol. Rotundone was found to have the highest odor-activity value of the measured compounds and, together with the other ketones, contributes to the woody-amber character of cypriol oil.

Pharmacological evaluation of methanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Cyperus scariosus&lt;/i&gt;

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;The present study is aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and biological activities of methanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Cyperus scariosus&lt;/em&gt; roots. Dried plant was grounded and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crud extract. In vitro biological tests were conducted using this methanolic extracts according to the standard procedure. 100% death rate of brine shrimp was perceived at 3 mg/mL of plant extract after 72 hours. The extract showed action against &lt;em&gt;Aspergillus flavius&lt;/em&gt; i.e. 90% followed by A. niger (91%) while the highest activity was shown against &lt;em&gt;A. fumegatrus&lt;/em&gt; (94%). Important scavenging results were detected during scavenging of free radicals viz; 92.2% against DPPH, 82.2% to ABTS, 75.8% to hydrogen peroxide, 88.1% to β-carotene, 86.1% to hydroxyl radical and 89.4% against phosphomolybdate at 3 mg/mL were obtained. The results obtained in this study point out that extract showed significant biological activities which might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Geographical Climatic Conditions on Yield, Chemical Composition and Carbon Isotope Composition of Nagarmotha (Cyperus scariosus R. Br.) Essential Oil

Nagarmotha (Cyperus scariosus) rhizomes collected from 13 locations in India were characterized for oil content using hydro-distillation method. The distilled oil was subjected for estimation of its chemical composition using GC-MS. The oil yield analysed by using hydro-distillation varied from 0.20% Padampur (Orissa) to 0.58% Tilakgram (M.P.). The Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the 13 hydro-distilled oils showed considerable differences in their chemical composition. The major compounds present in essential oil of nagarmotha rhizomes were identified as cyperene, longifolin, caryophylline oxide and longiverbenone. The amount of cyperene varied from 5.77% (Tilakgram M.P.) to 24.17% (Raipur, Chhattisgarh), longifolin varied from 5.95% (Raipur, Chhattisgarh) to 20.43% (Panna, M.P.), caryophyllene oxide ranged from 2.42% (Padampur, Orissa) to 10.38% (Tilakgram M.P.) and longiverbenone ranged from 3.96% (Padampur, Orissa) to 12.71% (Badarpur, Orissa). All the nagarmotha rhizomes and oils were also characterized for their carbon isotope composition using Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). The carbon isotope ratio of the oils varied from -11.15 (Ujjain MP) to –15.78 (Sitapur UP) per mil. Similar values of carbon isotope composition were obtained by estimation directly in the nagarmotha rhizome.