Cylindrical Basidiospores Research Articles

<p align="left">A new species of Postia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China based on morphological and molecular evidence

A new polypore, Postia duplicata, collected in Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. Postia duplicata is characterized by pileate basidiomata with pale brownish to brown pore surface when bruised, duplex context, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, presence of gloeocystidia in the hymenium, and cylindrical basidiospores (3.8–5.8 × 1.8–2.5 µm). Both morphological and molecular evidence confirmed the placement of the new species in Postia and showed its phylogenetic relationships.

Polyporus hapalopus sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China based on morphological and molecular data

Polyporus sensu lato is understood to be a polyphyletic genus, including two narrowly defined genera (Favolus and Neofavolus), two subclades (Melanopus and Polyporellus), and some scattered species. In this study, Polyporus hapalopus is described and illustrated as a new species on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. This species is characterized by laterally stipitate, imbricate and large basidiocarps (up to 40 cm diam.), grapefruit odor when fresh, angular pores with lacerate dissepiments, soft (when fresh) to tough (when dry) context, a dimitic hyphal system in context and stipe with variable wide skeleto-binding hyphae, a monomitic hyphal system in trama, and cylindrical basidiospores bearing one or two guttules. Phylogenetically, on the basis of the combined internal transcribed spacer and nuclear large subunit rDNA sequences, P. hapalopus is nested within the Polyporus sensu lato clade, but is separated from four previously established subclades and from other known species.

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of Amyloporia (Basidiomycota) from China

Amyloporia pinea sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of collections from southern China. Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences support this new species. Morphologically, it is characterized by resupinate, annual basidiocarps, cream to yellowish buff pore surface when fresh, which becomes yellowish brown to clay-buff upon drying, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and inamyloid skeletal hyphae, fusoid cystidioles, and cylindrical basidiospores; moreover, it causes a brown rot. Molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS sequence data suggested a close relationship between A. pinea and Amyloporia crassa sensu lato. Antrodia subxantha has amyloid skeletal hyphae, and grouped within the Amyloporia clade, hence, it is transferred to Amyloporia, and a new combination Amyloporia subxantha is proposed.

Phylogeny and global diversity of Polyporus group Melanopus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)

Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae, and hyaline, thin-walled, more or less cylindrical basidiospores. The species of Polyporus are divided into six morphological groups, of which Melanopus is characterized by coriaceous basidiocarps, thin context and a black cuticle on the stipe. In this study, we explore the phylogeny and species diversity of Polyporus sensu lato focusing on the group Melanopus based on global samples. Our combined ITS and nLSU dataset included 117 collections represented by 117 ITS and 94 nLSU sequences, of which 43 ITS and 37 nLSU sequences were newly generated. The resulting phylogenetic analysis recovered four clades, Favolus, Neofavolus, Melanopus and Polyporellus clades, while several species in the morphological groups Melanopus and Polyporus were outside these clades. Combined with morphological evidence, three new species in the Melanopus clade, Polyporus americanus, P. austroandinus and P. conifericola, are newly described and illustrated, and their distinctive characters are discussed. The illegitimate name Polyporus fraxineus is renamed as Polyporus fraxinicola. The phylogeny and taxonomy of each species in group Melanopus (morphology) or Melanopus clade (phylogeny) and related species are briefly discussed.

A new species of Postia (Basidiomycota) from Northeast China

A new polypore, Postia subplacenta sp. nov. from Northeast China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps, angular pores (3–5 per mm) with a cream buff to pale cinnamon-buff pore surface, and cylindrical basidiospores (4.2–6.0 × 1.9–2.4 μm) that are negative in Melzer's reagent and Cotton Blue. A key to accepted species of Chinese Postia is supplied.

Dichomitus hubeiensis sp. nov. and a new record of Dichomitus (Basidiomycota) from China

Dichomitus hubeiensis Hai J. Li & B. K. Cui sp. nov. is described from the Hubei province, central China. It is distinct in the genus by its cream to straw‐yellow pore surface and large pores (1–2 per mm), both inamyloid and indextrinoid skeletal hyphae, presence of cystidioles and dendrohyphidia in the hymenium, more or less ellipsoid basidiospores (10–14 × 5.6–7.0 µm). Dichomitus kirkii originally described from Zimbabwe was found in the Yunan province, it is new to the Chinese fungal flora, and is characterized by its buff‐yellow to cinnamon‐buff pore surface, entire to lacerate pores (1–2 per mm) and large cylindrical basidiospores (20.8–25.0 × 6.8–8.0 µm).

Antrodiella pendulina and A. citripileata spp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) from subtropical and tropical China

Antrodiella pendulina H. S. Yuan and A. citripileata H. S. Yuan spp. nov. from southern China are illustrated and described. Antrodiella pendulina has disciform basidiocarps, a trimitic hyphal system, cylindrical basidiospores and occur exclusively on angiosperm twigs. Antrodiella citripileata has effused‐reflexed to pileate and lemon‐colored basidiocarps, very small pores, thick‐walled skeletal hyphae with a wide lumen, and small ellipsoid basidiospores.

Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 5. New species of Theleporus and Grammothele (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)

During the examination of specimens of Theleporus and Grammothele (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from tropical China, three new species, Theleporus membranaceus, T. minisporus and Grammothele denticulata, were identified based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. They are described and illustrated. T. membranaceus is characterized by its extremely thin basidiocarps (0.12 mm), small pores (7–10 per mm) and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. T. minisporus has the smallest basidiospores among the species in the genus. Grammothele denticulata is distinguished in the genus by gray pores, continuous hymenia over dissepiment edge and cylindrical basidiospores with tapering apex. Two annotated identification keys are provided for species thus far accepted in Theleporus and Grammothele. The phylogenetic relationships of Theleporus and Grammothele were inferred based on nITS sequences and are briefly discussed. The molecular evidence showed that Theleporus and Grammothele belong to the core polyporoid clade.

Coltriciella sonorensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from Mexico: evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data.

Coltriciella sonorensis is described here as a new species from Mexico. It is characterized by pleuropodal, flabelliform basidiomes, rounded to elongated or daedaloid pores, a well-developed sub-hymenium, and oblong to cylindrical basidiospores, slightly attenuated towards the apex. The specimen was collected on soil in an open Quercus stand in mixed Quercus–tropical deciduous forest in the Sierra de Alamos–Rio Cuchujaqui Biosphere Reserve, Sonora, Mexico. From a phylogenetic perspective, the species appears to be related to C. oblectabilis, also occurring in Mexico.

Morphological and molecular evidences for a new species of Lignosus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from tropical China

Lignosus hainanensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of collections originating from tropical forest in Hainan Province, southern China. Both the morphology and phylogeny support this new species. It is characterized by its centrally stipitate basidiocarps arising from a distinct sclerotium, yellowish brown to cinnamon-brown pileal surface, cream to cream-buff pore surface, trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and oblong ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores. Lignosus hainanensis may be confused with L. rhinocerus, also occurring in southern China, but L. rhinocerus can be distinguished by its smaller pores (6–8 per mm) and smaller and distinctly broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5 × 2.8–3 μm).