Cylinders In Tandem Arrangement Research Articles

Three-dimensional computation for flow-induced vibrations of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement with narrow spacing

Flow-induced vibrations of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement which are mounted in a three-dimensional flow field are investigated at a high Reynolds number of 20,000. A third-order upwind finite element scheme and the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation are used to solve the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Two circular cylinders which are treated as rigid bodies are free to vibrate in both in-line and cross-flow directions. Accordingly, both cylinders are assumed as a two-degree of freedom system. The upstream cylinder is set in a smooth flow and the downstream cylinder lies in the wakes which are shed from the upstream one. Spacing S between center-to-center of the cylinders is 2D and 3D (D is the diameter of the cylinders ) less than the critical spacing. The Scruton number Sc with respect to the flow-induced vibration is given as 0.99. The excitation vibrations to the in-line direction occur in the low range of the reduced velocity because of the low Scruton number. In addition, large cross-flow amplitudes of both cylinders are observed in the high range of the reduced velocity.

Flow-induced vibrations of ten tandem cylinders at low Reynolds number

Flow-induced vibrations of ten cylinders in tandem arrangement are numerically investigated by using the immersed boundary method with a low Reynolds number (Re = 100). Seven spacing ratios L/D (where L = center–center spacing between tandem cylinders and D = diameter of the cylinder) are selected from 1.1 to 4.0, and the reduced velocity Ur ranges from 2.0 to 13.5 with an increment of 0.5. Small (L/D < 2.0) and large (L/D > 2.0) spacing ranges are identified, both including two types of responses: wake-induced vibration (WIV; Ur = 2.0–9.0∼10.5 for a small L/D and Ur = 2.0–6.0∼6.5 for a large L/D) and wake-induced galloping (WIG; Ur > 9.0∼10.5 for a small L/D and Ur > 6.0∼6.5 for a large L/D). The largest vibration amplitude of each cylinder is obtained in the WIG region for the small L/D condition. The presence of downstream cylinders suppresses the vortex shedding of upstream cylinders and thus postpones the vibration of upstream cylinders at a small Ur, whereas the downstream cylinder enhances the vibration at a larger Ur due to the wake interference. For a small L/D, three flow regimes with the extended-body, reattachment, and co-shedding patterns are successively presented as Ur increases. For a large L/D, four types of flow regimes, namely, EB-2S (the extended-body with “2S” pattern), RT-2S (the reattachment with “2S” pattern), TR-2S (two-row vortex street with “2S” pattern), and CS-VS (co-shedding with variation shedding), are classified. Two new vortex shedding patterns, “2G (two counter-rotating vortices shed from each side per vibration cycle)” and “2C (two co-rotating vortices shed from each side per vibration cycle),” have been identified. In the WIV region, there is only one dominant vibration frequency for upstream cylinders (C1–C7), while a sub-harmonic frequency emerges and dominates C8–C10 when L/D is large. The fluctuating lift force spectra show a broad-band frequency distribution due to the irregular positions of the vortex generation and merging, and the dominant frequency in the WIG region decreases consecutively from C1 to C10.

Effect of vortex-induced vibrations on mass transfer enhancement in a channel with two cylinders in tandem arrangement

The vortex-shedding phenomenon leads to a self-sustained vibration named Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV), an important mass transfer enhancement method. This work studies the VIV effects of two circular cylinders inside a channel in a tandem arrangement on the mixing performance. A comprehensive study is conducted on different modes of cylinder vibrations, i.e., both cylinders vibrate, one cylinder vibrates, another cylinder is stationary, and both cylinders are stationary. The finite volume method is applied to solve the fluid flow equations, and the cylinders' vibration is modeled as a mass-spring-damping system. At low ranges of the reduced velocity, the vibration's amplitude of the cylinder is significant, and the mixing index reaches its highest values. For the case in which the distance between two cylinders is four times their diameter, the best mixing performance is related to two vibrating cylinders. In this mode, the mixing index increased up to 35% and 78% with respect to two stationary cylinders and a single stationary cylinder, respectively. Also, the investigation shows that increasing the distance between the cylinders improves the mixing process. For cylinders' distances of 4.5 and 5, the mixing index reaches 98% and up at the channel outlet.

Flow-Induced vibration and heat transfer enhancement in tandem cylinders: Effects of cylinder shape, corner radii, and spacing ratio

In this work, flow-induced vibration (FIV) of two heated cylinders in the tandem arrangement is numerically investigated at a Reynolds number of 150. The effect of the spacing ratio (L/D) and the corner radius (r*) is investigated by changing L/D from 2 to 4 and r* from 0 to 1, where 0 corresponds to the square cross-section and 1 to the circular cross-section. The cylinders are oriented to maintain a constant angle of attack of 45° and are allowed to vibrate in the transverse direction only. The one degree of freedom (1-DOF) motion of the cylinders is studied with varying reduced velocities (Ur = 2–10). The mass ratio (m*) of the cylinder is taken as 10, while the damping is neglected to obtain the maximum vibrational amplitude. The findings suggest that the maximum vibrational amplitude (A/D) occurs for square-shaped cylinders, while the least occurs for circular shapes. It was found that the lock-in for a single cylinder occurred at Ur = 6, irrespective of the corner radius. For tandem cylinders with L/D = 2, the lock-in region occurred at Ur = 6–8 for circular cylinders and at Ur = 8–10 for square cylinders. However, lock-in occurred at Ur = 6–8 for both square and circular tandem cylinders at L/D = 4. The vorticity patterns observed in this study include 2S, C(2S), 2P, and P + S. The flow topology, the response behavior of the cylinders, and local (Nul) and average (Nuavg) Nusselt numbers were affected by various parameters, including the corner radius, spacing ratio, reduced velocity, and the average drag coefficient. For the single cylinder, changing the shape from square to circular resulted in a 40.4% and 4.71% decrease in the maximum A/D and Nuavg, respectively. Considering the twin square cylinders in tandem with L/D = 2, the upstream and downstream cylinders experienced 3.86% and 58.0% higher A/D as compared to the single cylinder. However, increasing L/D to 4 from 2 decreased the maximum A/D for upstream and downstream square cylinders by 5.41% and 3.07%, respectively. Compared to the square cylinders at L/D = 4, the circular cylinders resulted in a 28.6% and 35.1% decrease in maximum A/D for upstream and downstream cylinders, respectively, whereas at the same time experienced 33.1% and 32.0% higher Nuavg, respectively. In conclusion, the circular cylinders in tandem arrangement give higher rates of heat transfer while experiencing lower vibration as compared to square and filleted cylinders.

Splitter plate-based flow control study for two square cylinders in tandem arrangement

A numerical study is performed to investigate the effectiveness of a splitter plate (SP) for the unsteady wake-regime control of two-dimensional tandem square cylinders (TSC) arranged with large (G/D = 6), intermediate (G/D = 4) and small (G/D = 2) gap-widths. Here, G is the center-to-center distance between the cylinders, and D is their side-length. The numerical simulations are conducted using an in-house developed FFIBLBM (flexible-forcing-immersed-boundary-lattice-Boltzmann-method) solver at Reynolds number (Re) of 100. The TSC arrangement with SP attached to either upstream or downstream cylinders is named TSC-SPU and TSC-SPD, respectively. It is found that the shear-layer characteristics, wake-regime, and flow-induced forces on TSC are highly susceptible to the G/D ratio and SP length. We observed four distinct flow patterns: VS-VS (vortex shedding-vortex shedding), QS-VS (quasi-steady-vortex shedding), S-VS (steady-vortex shedding), and S–S (steady-steady) in the wakes of TSC. Among them, the S–S flow pattern is the controlled wake-regime, with steady and stabilized vortices behind both cylinders, yielding considerably lesser drag on the TSC. Precisely, at large gap-width (G/D = 6), the TSC-SPU configuration only attains the S–S flow type for which the upstream and downstream cylinder experience 11.86% and 97.73% lesser drag, respectively, than the TSC without an attached SP. However, at intermediate gap-width (G/D = 4), both TSC-SPU and TSC-SPD generate the S–S flow type. Still, the TSC-SPU is advantageous in drag reduction, where the drag of the upstream and downstream cylinders is reduced by 1.61% and 7.26%, respectively. On the other hand, the S–S flow type is established for low gap-width (G/D = 2) with TSC-SPD setup for which the drag reduction for upstream and downstream cylinders are 1.85% and 12.76%, respectively.

Cross flow over two heated cylinders in tandem arrangements at subcritical Reynolds number using large eddy simulations

This study analyses the heat transfer and flow characteristics of cross-flow over two heated infinite cylinders in a tandem (in-line) configuration. Non-isothermal Large Eddy Simulations (LES) using the dynamic Smagorinsky model were conducted at a fixed Reynolds number of 3,000 (based on the free stream velocity and the cylinder diameter). A range of cylinder gap ratios (1.0≤L/D≤5.0) was investigated (in increments of 0.25) with two different Prandtl numbers Pr=0.1 and 1.0. Results show that the flow structures vary according to the order of the patterns: (i) Extended body regime: without attachment for low L/D (1.0-1.25) where cylinders behave as a single bluff body with top–bottom vortex shedding, (ii) Shear layer reattachment regime: with reattachment for moderate L/D (1.5-3.75) where the detached shear layer from the upstream cylinder reattaches to the downstream cylinder, and (iii) Co-shedding regime: for high gap ratios (3.75≤L/D≤5.0) a phenomenon called “jumping”, where the two cylinders behave as isolated bluff bodies. Furthermore, it was observed that the average Nusselt number of both cylinders experience a drastic variation at a critical spacing ratio (between 3.75≤L/D≤4.0). For L/D≤3.0, the average Nusselt number of the upstream cylinder was found to be higher than that of the downstream one. However, for spacing ratios L/D>3.0, the average Nusselt number was similar for both cylinders. For the downstream cylinder, the maximum Nusselt number was located at the separation angle and was found to be independent of the spacing ratio.

Investigation of the flow around two tandem rotated square cylinders using the least square moving particle semi-implicit based on the vortex particle method

Characteristics of the flow around two rotated square cylinders in tandem arrangements at low Reynolds numbers (Re) and normalized gap spacings (S) were numerically investigated using a newly proposed least squares moving particle semi-implicit based on vortex particle method. The proposed method removes the background grid dependencies from the late vortex particle method and improves the computational cost using multiresolution particles. It is found that the proposed method captures the flow characteristics well. In this study, five vortex wake patterns are revealed at different Re (Re=3−150) and spacing (S=0.5–6.0). The time history and variations of aerodynamics coefficients, such as drag and lift coefficients, root mean square value of lift coefficient, and Strouhal number, alongside vorticity contours, are discussed to clarify each flow pattern's characteristics. A significant increase in aerodynamics coefficients is observed for both cylinders at the critical spacing, which may range from 1.5 to 3.0, depending on the Re. The Strouhal number has an increasing trend past the critical spacing at all selected Re. Meanwhile, the mean drag coefficient of both cylinders remains mostly the same. Conversely, the root mean square value of the lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder has a decreasing trend and, in specific cases, becomes lower than the upstream cylinder.

Aspect ratio and interference effects on flow over two rectangular cylinders in tandem arrangement

Flow past twin tandem rectangular cylinders for various gap ratios (L* = 1.0–8.0) and aspect ratios (B* = 0.3–4.0) at a Reynolds number of 150 was investigated via 2D direct numerical simulation. Results showed that based on the variation trend of fluid force with B*, three types of gaps spacing are categorized, i.e., narrow gap (L* = 1.0, 2.0), medium gap (L* = 3.0, 4.0), and wide gap (L* = 6.0, 8.0). Higher B* reduces the fluctuating force of downstream cylinder (DC) for narrow gaps, but amplifies that of the DC for wide gaps. For medium gaps, variation of fluid forces with B* < 1 is in line with that of wide gaps, while it resembles that of narrow gap type at B* > 1. Moreover, gap flow is classified into three flow regimes, i.e., extended body, reattachment, and co-shedding. Wake flow structures of DC show 2S vortex type at narrow gaps for all B* cases, whereas they transfer from synchronized C(2S) to 2S type when B* > 0.3 for medium and wide gaps. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis captures the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of coherent structure hidden in flow field; thus, it well explains the fundamental mechanism that fluid force, gap flow and wake vortex change with B* and L*.

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Two Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement at Low Reynolds Number

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Two Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement at Low Reynolds Number

Energy Harvesting from Wake-Induced Vibrations of a Downstream Cylinder in Tandem Arrangement

World energy demand increases every year and energy production from conventional sources, such as fossil fuels leads to environmental degradation and global warming. To counter these adverse effects more efforts are being made to harvest clean energy from renewable energy sources. This work focuses on an energy harvester that operates on flow-induced vibrations. Any structure exposed to fluid flow may experience flow-induced vibrations and the energy from these vibrations can be harvested. This work is a numerical study where the vibrations of a downstream cylinder in the wake of an identical cylinder are studied. The upstream cylinder is held stationary whereas the downstream cylinder is allowed to vibrate in transverse direction only. The spacing ratio between the cylinders is kept fixed at 2.5, and the reduced velocity is varied from 2 to 14. The mass ratio and the damping ratio are taken as 10 and 0.01, respectively. In this analysis, the maximum vibrational amplitude was observed at lock-in condition at reduced velocity of 8, and this is where the maximum efficiency was also observed.

Vortex-induced vibrations of two rigidly coupled circular cylinders in tandem arrangement

In this paper, we study the transverse vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two rigidly connected circular cylinders of equal size, arranged in a tandem configuration, by means of two-dimensional numerical computations. Results are examined for Re=250 and a fixed center-to-center separation of 2D. The dynamic response of the two-cylinder system is investigated in detail over a domain of reduced velocities ranging from Ur=2 to 8. The diverse types of branches are identified, on the basis of their distinct characteristics in the amplitude and frequency responses. Among them, the lower branch is of particular interest as it is quasi-periodic in nature, instead of the periodic regime that is well documented for the isolated cylinder case. By scrutinizing the vorticity dynamics, it reveals that this quasi-periodicity arises from the switching between two flow states, which are essentially distinguished by whether an active gap flow is present. The dynamically rich response leads to a rich variety of phase dynamics, involving phase locking, trapping, slipping and drifting; in particular, phase drifting is indicative of a forthcoming phase jump of 180° between the lift force and the displacement. It is also found that in the initial branch, the excitation of the system is driven by the pressure lift force on the rear cylinder; by contrast, in the lower branch, it is the pressure lift force on the front cylinder that acts as a source of excitation.

Numerical investigation of flow around two cylinders in tandem above a scoured bed

Flow mechanisms around two cylinders in tandem arrangement above a scoured bed have been investigated using the three-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations with the Spalart–Allmaras improved delayed detached-eddy simulation model. A turbulent inlet boundary layer generation method is adopted to obtain more realistic inlet boundary conditions. First, uniform flow over a single cylinder at Re = 3900 and flow over a single cylinder above scoured beds at Re = 6000 were simulated to validate the numerical model, boundary layer generation method, and mesh density effect. Second, two cylinders in the tandem arrangement above scoured beds with six different pitch ratios L/D are investigated numerically in terms of instantaneous vortex characteristics, the hydrodynamic force, and time-averaged flow fields. The simulation results in scoured beds are compared with simulations under the near flat wall and wall-free conditions. The major findings can be summarized as follows. (1) When L/D≤2.0, the wake of two tandem cylinders is dominated by the intermittent shedding, and the downstream sand dune in the scoured bed hinders the Kármán vortex formation at the rear of the downstream cylinder. Lift force fluctuations of the two cylinders have small amplitudes, and their spectra show a multi-peak distribution and no dominant peak frequency in the spectrum of the upstream cylinder. A squarish cavity-like recirculation zone is formed between two cylinders at L/D=2.0. (2) When L/D≥3.0, the periodic vortex shedding is evident in the wake of the upstream cylinder, and the small sand berm between two cylinders has an impact on the bottom shear layer of the upstream cylinder. The downstream cylinder is periodically impacted by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder. Lift force spectra of the upstream and downstream cylinders have the same peak frequency. (3) Due to the influence of scoured bed and the inlet boundary layer, the time-averaged lift coefficient of the upstream cylinder remains negative when L/D≥1.5, and the critical spacing for drag inversion is relatively smaller compared with under wall-free conditions. The negative pressure coefficient values of the upstream cylinder are smaller than the values in near flat wall and wall-free conditions.

A hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian flow solver applied to elastically mounted cylinders in tandem arrangement

The fluid–structure interaction of cylinders in tandem arrangement is used as validation basis of a multi-domain Lagrangian–Eulerian hybrid flow solver. The solver is built on a Lagrangian approximation of the entire flow-field using particles, in which grid based Eulerian flow solutions are overlaid, one for every solid body. The Eulerian grids are body fitted but of limited width and may overlap in cases of close proximity of the bodies. The Eulerian and Lagrangian solutions are strongly (implicitly) interconnected in two ways: The Lagrangian solution provides the conditions over the outer boundaries of the Eulerian grids, while the Eulerian solutions update the flow properties of the particles that are within their own domains. Also, implicit is the coupling of the solver with the structural dynamics in case the cylinders are elastically supported. The Lagrangian solver is based on the density–dilatation–vorticity–pressure formulation and makes use of the Particle Mesh method to obtain the flow velocity field while the Eulerian one on the density–velocity–pressure formulation. The hybrid solver is first validated in the case of an isolated rigid cylinder at Re=100. Then the case of a single elastically mounted cylinder at Re=200 is considered, followed by the case of two cylinders in tandem arrangement that are either rigid or elastically mounted. Good agreement with results produced with spectral element and immersed boundary methods is found indicating the capabilities of the hybrid predictions. Also the flexibility of the method in handling complex multi-body fluid–structure interaction problems is demonstrated by allowing grid-overlapping.

Experimental investigation on flow-induced vibration of two high mass-ratio flexible cylinders in tandem arrangement

This paper reports experimental results from flow-induced vibration (FIV) response of two identical flexible circular cylinders in the tandem arrangement. The two flexible cylinders are mounted horizontally in the test section of a subsonic wind tunnel and each cylinder has a mass-ratio of 120 and an aspect ratio of 47. The dynamic response of the system is studied for both the upstream and downstream cylinders for center-to-center separation distances in the range of 3 to 7 times the diameter of the cylinder. Amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation, as well as phase differences between the response of the upstream and downstream cylinders are studied in the reduced velocity range of U∗=4.3−31.7 and the Reynolds number range of Re=2,570−24,536. The dynamic response observed in this study are presumably the result of two combined phenomena of vortex-induced vibration and wake-induced vibration. Despite the high mass-ratio of the cylinders, higher modes of vibrations, both odds and even modes, up to the fourth mode are excited in both the upstream and downstream cylinders, owing to the high-flexibility of the cylinders. While for low separation distance between the cylinders the FIV response of the upstream cylinder is under influence of the downstream cylinder, as the separation distance between the cylinders is increased, the upstream cylinder’s response exhibits mono-frequency oscillations similar to those observed for an isolated cylinder. However, the FIV response of the downstream cylinder is always under influence of the upstream cylinder and as the separation distance between the cylinders is increased the response is dominated by the multi-frequency oscillations. Also, for large separation distance of 7D, as well as cases where multi-frequency oscillations occur, the synchronization between the cylinders, quantified by the phase difference between the oscillations of the cylinders, varies over the duration of oscillations. Standing-wave behavior is observed for most cases at low reduced velocity ranges for which mono-frequency oscillations dominate the response while the traveling-wave behavior is observed at higher reduced velocities at which multi-frequency oscillations dominate the FIV response of the system.

The influence of cylinders in tandem arrangement on unsteady aerodynamic loads

This paper presents an experimental study on the unsteady pressure loading for two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement for the Reynolds number in the subcritical regime. Experiments were conducted on two heavily instrumented cylinders, each with multiple static and dynamic pressure sensor devices positioned at various peripheral and spanwise locations, enabling extensive dynamic surface pressure, coherence, and turbulence length-scale analysis. Results show that the root-mean-squared pressure magnitude of the pressure distribution results is much larger for the rear cylinder than for the front cylinder. In the case of small spacing ratios, the surface pressure density findings show a decreased shedding frequency on both cylinders, however the critical spacing ratio shows a quick jump in shedding frequency. The lateral coherence results also revealed that beyond the critical spacing, a prominent peak at the fundamental vortex shedding frequency exists, with weaker peaks at shedding harmonics on the front and rear cylinders, resulting in smaller correlation length values than those for smaller spacing ratios. The discovery of tonal peaks and their associated flow mechanics on cylinders in tandem were reinforced by the lift and drag power spectral density as well as the higher-order spectral analysis, such as wavelet analysis and persistence spectrum.

Flow past two finite-length wall-mounted cylinders in tandem arrangement at Re = 200

To investigate the characteristics of flow over two finite-length cylinders in tandem arrangement, numerical simulations were performed using CFD technique for spacing ratios (S = D/d, where d is the diameter of the cylinders and D is the separation gap between the cylinders) between 0.5 and 12 at a Reynolds number of 200. The height-to-diameter ratio (h/d, where h is the height of the cylinders) was fixed at 8. This study primarily focuses on the effects of S and the free ends on the vortical structure behind the cylinders. The S has a significant effect on the Strouhal number and on the lift and drag coefficients of cylinders. The results show extremely different vortex streets at different cylinder heights. With an increase in S, the average drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder increases, whereas that of the upstream cylinder first decreases and then increases. Additionally, as S changes between 4.5 and 5, the average drag coefficient of the two cylinders changes suddenly. The effects of S on Strouhal number and the lift coefficient ex-hibit a complex behavior.

Transient cooling of two circular cylinders arranged in Tandem an bounded by an adiabatic wall

Parametric study is carried out on the transient cooling process of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement for a specified period of time. Transient analysis of conjugate (conduction and convection) heat dissipation from two identical cylinders is considered with various parameters. The two cylinders of same size and properties are bounded by an adiabatic flat wall from below and the cooling air is flowing normal to their axis (cross flow). The following parameters are investigated in the present study: Reynolds number, cylinders thermal properties, separation distance between the two cylinders and the cooling time. The laminar flow is considered with Reynolds number values from 50 to 500. The simulations are carried out for cooling the two cylinders made of carbon steels, plastics plexiglass and plywood. The local and average Nusselt number for both steady and transient cooling of the two cylinders are presented. The effects of the parameters are investigated and the results are presented to understand the process. It is found that increasing either the separation distance and/or the Reynolds number will increase the heat dissipation and reduce the cooling time. The results show that carbon steels cylinders need longer time of cooling compare with the plywood cylinders due to the difference in their thermal inertia.

Surface Roughness Effects on Flows Past Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement at Co-Shedding Regime

This paper contributes by investigating surface roughness effects on temporal history of aerodynamic loads and vortex shedding frequency of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. The pair of cylinders is immovable; of equal outer diameter, D; and its geometry is defined by the dimensionless center-to-center pitch ratio, L/D. Thus, a distance of L/D = 4.5 is chosen to characterize the co-shedding regime, where the two shear layers of opposite signals, originated from each cylinder surface, interact generating counter-rotating vortical structures. A subcritical Reynolds number of Re = 6.5 × 104 is chosen for the test cases, which allows some comparisons with experimental results without roughness effects available in the literature. Two relative roughness heights are adopted, nominally ε/D = 0.001 and 0.007, aiming to capture the sensitivity of the applied numerical approach. Recent numerical results published in the literature have reported that the present two-dimensional model of surface roughness effects is able to capture both drag reduction and full cessation of vortex shedding for an immovable cylinder near a moving ground. That roughness model was successfully blended with a Lagrangian vortex method using sub-grid turbulence modeling. Overall, the effects of relative roughness heights on flows past two cylinders reveal changing of behavior of the vorticity dynamics, in which drag reduction, intermittence of vortex shedding, and wake destruction are identified under certain roughness effects. This kind of study is very useful for engineering conservative designs. The work is also motivated by scarcity of results previous discussing flows past cylinders in cross flow with surface roughness effects.

An Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin Chimera Method for Unsteady Laminar Flow Problems with Multiple Bodies

AbstractThe compressible Navier‐Stokes (NS) equations are spatially discretized with the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method and an implicit backward differentiation formula of second order is used for the temporal discretization. The Chimera method is employed to realize a simple grid generation for complex technical applications consisting of multiple parts. Therefore, non‐trivial overlapping grid areas could occur in the numerical setup which require a robust implementation of the Chimera method. The flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement serves as a validation case and reveals promising results for several configurations compared to reference data in literature.

Impact of inlet shear on unsteady boundary layer separation from two square cylinders in tandem arrangement

Impact of inlet shear on unsteady boundary layer separation from two square cylinders in tandem arrangement