Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine Research Articles

Prediction of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine performance fuelled with lemon peel oil biodiesel using artificial neural network

The aim of the present work is to predict the performance of single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with lemon peel oil biodiesel (B25) loaded by ceria nanoparticle additives and coated with yttria-ceria stabilized zirconia using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm of single-input multiple-output artificial neural network (ANN). The dependent variables are brake power, indicated power, frictional power, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, fuel flowrate, air flowrate and specific fuel consumption at varying loads from 0 to 100%. The prediction ability of ANN was evaluated by determination coefficient (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE). The average R 2 and RMSE of 0.93 and 0.82 show that the ANN fitted well to the experimental values of response variables at varying loads. The results also validate through correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99254.

Numerical analysis of injection parameters influence on diesel engine performances and emissions correlated by maximum in-cylinder pressure

The present work deals with a numerical investigation on an experimental single cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Calculations are carried out with Kiva3v2 code using multidimensional detailed chemistry. The study was carried out on predicted CO, and NOx emission levels by the engine cylinder before exhaust valve opening. Correlations proposed for predicted NO, CO, and NOx levels function of fuel, O2, N2 concentrations and the maximum in-cylinder pressure rather than temperature. Predicted values of averaged pressures, O2, CO, and CO2 levels in the exhaust manifold were validated by the measured ones for a set of five loads at 1500 rpm. CO, NO, and NOx concentrations at the exhaust obtained by calculations lies perfectly with measured values. Otherwise, numerical simulations lead us to analyze injection timing, duration and fuel amount injected effect on the engine performances, ignition delay, combustion duration as well as CO and NOx emission levels.

A numerical approach in the investigation of the effects of diethyl ether and ethanol mixtures on combustion characteristics and NO emissions in a DI diesel engine

In this study, the effects of adding ethanol and diethyl ether to diesel fuel on combustion characteristics and NO emissions were numerically investigated. 100% diesel fuel (D100) and by volume 90% diesel+10% ethanol blend (D90E10), 80% diesel+20% ethanol blend (D80E20), 80% diesel+10% ethanol+10% diethyl ether blend (D80E10DEE10) and 85% diesel+ 10% ethanol+5% diethyl ether mixture (D85E10DEE5) was used as fuel. Analyzes were carried out using a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at 2000 and 3000 rpm engine speed conditions. AVL FIRE software was used for numerical study. In-cylinder pressure, cumulative heat release rate, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), NO emissions and velocity distributions in the combustion chamber were investigated for five different fuel types. As a result, the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of ethanol and diethyl ether blended fuels were lower than diesel fuel at both speeds. This is due to the calorific value of the fuel. It was observed that NO emissions decreased as the ethanol content in the fuel increased. For both engine speeds, the highest TKE value was obtained in D90E10 mixed fuel, and the lowest value was found in D80E10DEE10 mixture fuel. Ethanol positively affected the turbulent kinetic energy. The flow rate of ethanol was higher than diesel and diethyl ether fuel.

Optimization Design of Injection Pump Cam of Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine Combined with Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Optimization Design of Injection Pump Cam of Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine Combined with Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Performance and emissions of lemon peel oil biodiesel powered single cylinder direct injection diesel engine loaded with ceria nanoparticles additives and stabilized zirconia coating

The main aim of the present work is to examine the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder direct ignition diesel engine powered with 3 proportions of lemon peel biodiesel (B10, B20 and B30) using ceria nanoparticles and yttria-ceria-stabilized zirconia as fuel additive and thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials, respectively, using pure diesel as base fuel. From the results of the engine performance and exhaust analysis, the volumetric efficiency and friction power increases whereas specific fuel consumption decreases for coated engine and observed insignificant deviation for CO and CO2 emissions between coated and uncoated engines. Hence lemon peel biodiesel could be employed in diesel engine with ceria nano particle additive and yttria-ceria-stabilized zirconia TBC.

Heat and Flow Analysis of Different Piston Bowl Geometries in a Diesel Engine

In this study, heat and flow in a four cylinder direct injection diesel engine combustion chamber has been simulated by using AVL Fire ESE Diesel. In order to clarify the effect of the combustion chamber geometry on the flow area prop-erties, the bowl geometric shape of two different pistons, one of the combustion chamber as a standard, was taken into account in the flow analysis. Standard combustion chamber and modified combustion chamber geometries have been compared. The simulation results showed that the bowl shapes of the combustion chambers are quite effective on temperature-spray droplet distribution, turbu-lence kinetic energy distributions, turbulence velocity distributions and laminar flame speed distributions at the end of the compression stroke. The fuel reaches the cylinder wall more easily and then, the temperature distribution in the cham-ber is lower as a result of evaporation of the fuel with modified combustion chamber. Average turbulent kinetic energy value in the MCC type combustion chamber is 10.53 m²/s², in the standard combustion chamber type combustion chamber this value is 8.35 m²/s² at 720° CA. Turbulence velocity distribution is spread over a wider area in the modified combustion chamber geometry. As a re-sult of the large area of turbulence, the laminar flame velocity has also increased in this chamber geometry.

Sound Intensity Mapping on Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine with The Application of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel

The utilisation of biodiesel nowadays has become familiar with rapid production types of biodiesel in order to replace the dependency on the fossil fuel parallel to the implementation of green technology that emphasises the products to be more environmental-friendly. Nevertheless, the emerges of various kinds of biodiesel cannot be simply used, despite using the biodiesel does not need any major modification on the engine; it still needs a few analyses that must be done to determine whether it will give advantages or disadvantages. Therefore, this research was carried out to investigate the effect of using palm oil methyl ester (POME) biodiesel on the engine in terms of noise emission. The sound intensity mapping method was used to indicate the effectiveness of the biodiesel by identifying the noise radiation. Along with the mapping, the sound power level (SPL) is also being obtained to provide a clear comparison between the parameters. Generally, switching up the engine speed and load increased the sound power level. Based on the results obtained related to the SPL, the intensity mapping tends to show a higher colour-coded in the noise source image for the higher engine speed and load setup. It was found that the engine speed and load give a significant contribution to noise emission produced by the engine, and it can be inferred that this method can be utilised to accomplish the noise emission analysis.

Effect of altitude conditions on combustion and performance of a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine

Market globalization necessitates the development of heavy duty diesel engines that can operate at altitudes up to 5000 m without significant performance deterioration. But the current scenario is that existing studies on high altitude effects are still not sufficient or detailed enough to take effective measures. This study applied a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with simulated boosting pressure to investigate the performance degradation at high altitude, with the aim of adding more knowledge to the literature. Such a research engine was conducted at constant speed and injection strategy but different ambient conditions from sea level to 5000 m in altitude. The results indicated the effects of altitude on engine combustion and performance can be summarized as two aspects. First comes the extended ignition delay at high altitude, which would raise the rate of pressure rise to a point that can exceed the maximum allowable limit and therefore shorten the engine lifespan. The other disadvantage of high-altitude operation is the reduced excess air ratio and gas density inside cylinder. Worsened spray formation and mixture preparation, together with insufficient and late oxidation, would result in reduced engine efficiency, increased emissions, and power loss. The combustion and performance deteriorations were noticeable when the engine was operated above 4000 m in altitude. All these findings support the need for further fundamental investigations of in-cylinder activities of diesel engines working at plateau regions.

A Multi-Objective Optimization of Output Parameters of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Running Methyl Esters and Different Additives: Taguchi-Fuzzy Based Approach

The continuous dependency on fossil fuels for energy requirements, transportation and power generation sectors the research has increased considerably on alternative source of fuel. Recently, it can be seen that Madhuca Indica Methyl Ester is gaining popularity due to its economical nature, the similarity with diesel’s properties. The primary aim of this research is to implement blends of Machuca Indica biodiesel using two different additives, 2-EHN and triacetin in different ratios for investigating single cylinder direct injection diesel engine output. In the current analysis, a Taguchi optimisation technique based on fuzzy logic is used to find the optimal combination of emission and performance parameters in order to make prediction of optimal input blends. It shows that the cylinder pressure of the blends is always higher than diesel. Among all blends, BL2 possesses the highest cylinder pressure under various load conditions. In terms of brake thermal efficiency, Among the blends, BL2 and BL3 possess BTE 12%, and 11% more than plain diesel in full load respectively. At maximum load, BSFC of Blend 2, 3 and 6 are (25, 22.5, 20)% less than plain diesel. BL5, BL6 and BL7 produced 3%, 1% and 0.3% less NOx than diesel. It is seen that BL2, BL3 and BL5 had lowermost UHC emission of 34%, 27% and 26% than pure diesel at maximum load. This multi-objective optimization technique shows that the blend BL6 have optimal MPCI value of 0.75.

Experimental investigation on the application of preheated fish oil ethyl ester as a fuel in diesel engine

An experimental work for fuelling a single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine with Fish oil ethyl ester (FOEE) and its blends to assess their impact on engine characteristics was presented. In the present work, FOEE was produced by ethanol-driven transesterification in the presence of potassium ethaoxide as an alkaline catalyst. The chemical nature of FOEE was evaluated using GC–MS analysis. Kirloskar TV1 model computerized direct injection compression ignition engine with eddy current dynamometer was used for experimentation with diesel as a baseline fuel. On the other hand, the application of FOEE was prone to reduced engine characteristics owing to its substandard properties. Therefore, the available heat energy in the engine exhaust was trapped and used for fuel preheating using shell and tube heat exchanger. To study the impact of fuel preheating, three distinct preheaters at different temperatures of 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C were investigated with FOEE. At high preheating temperature, FOEE exhibited improvement in engine characteristics. The best part of the present work was the depiction of engine emission results with ISO 8178 D2 (Reciprocating IC engines- Test bed measurement) testing procedure. The obtained emissions were within the bounds formulated by Central Pollution Control Board of India for genset.

PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF BIODIESEL DERIVED FROM USED COOKING OIL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking groundnut oils using alkali trans-esterification reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out on the biodiesel produced and the presence of methyl esters and their various functional groups were detected. The Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels produced were also carried out and most of the properties conformed to ASTM standards. The biodiesel samples were tested in a 165F- Horizontal Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Bayero University Kano (BUK), Kano State, Nigeria, investigating parameters such as: Brake power, Specific fuel consumption and Brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas was analysed in an NHA-506EN automotive gas analyzer, from Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, where parameters such as hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) were all analyzed. The results showed that the oil from frying yam yielded 87.5% while that from frying fish yielded 94% and the biodiesels produced conformed to most of the Physico-chemical properties according to the ASTM standards. Also, the engine results demonstrated that there was improved brake power and mean effective pressure but the specific fuel consumptions were higher than that of the control sample. Lastly, the exhaust gas emissions results showed that there were significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon IV oxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions showing us that biodiesel is more eco-friendly.

Sampled-data model validation: An algorithm and experimental setup of dual fuel IC engine

This research work investigates the usage of hybrid based Artificial Neural Network-Harris Hawks and whale optimization algorithm (ANN-HHOWOA) for forecast of emission properties and performance of small utility single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine inlet with rice bran biodiesel blends under dual fuel mode along with biogas. This Artificial Neural Network based hybrid Harris Hawks and whale optimization algorithm was developed and optimized to forecast the values of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) based on the gathered input data from the experimental setup of dual fuel engine by varying engine operating load, blends of rice bran biodiesel, air fuel ratio and injection timings. To experimentally validate the results by using hybrid based Artificial Neural Network-Harris Hawks and whale optimization algorithm (ANN-HHOWOA), 500 trial runs were performed on objective functions of gathered data to find optimal solution. 70% of data were used for training, 15% for testing and other 15% were used for validation. It has been concluded that hybrid based Artificial Neural Network-Harris Hawks and whale optimization algorithm (ANN-HHOWOA) gave remarkable results with classification rate 98.6667% which is much better than other meta-heuristic algorithms. It is found that Artificial Neural Network based hybrid Harris Hawks and whale optimization algorithm is a very useful tool for prediction and optimization of combustion performance and emissions properties of dual fuel engine fuelled with biogas-biodiesel blends.

Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DI diesel engine using algae as a biodiesel

Diesel Powered engines are predominately used in transport and power generators. Due to rapid depletion of fossils fuels like diesel, there is need to find alternate resources for as a fuel for transport and power sector. The use of third generation fuels like algae seems to be a promising solution to satisfy our energy demands in future. In these work algae is used as an alternative fuel with different blend combination with diesel and the results obtained are summarized. Algae fuel is blended with diesel on a volume basis, namely A10, A20, A30, A40 and A100 and made to run in diesel engines. The properties of the fuels were found according to American Society for Testing and Materials standards. Experimental testing was carried out in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Among the various blends tested A20 shows closer estimation with diesel results in higher thermal efficiency lower HC, CO, Smoke and particulate matter emissions. However, the other emissions like Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were shown marginally higher. Regarding cylinder pressure and heat release rate curves, the peak value obtained is considerably lower at higher load condition while compared with diesel.

Numerical Study of Intake Flow Optimization using Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks

An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. The increase in the performance of internal combustion engines for diesel engines has driven to follow alternative ways in order to improve the flow characteristics. This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to study the effect of intake flow condition on the swirl ratio and volumetirc efficiency of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with two directed intake ports whose outlet is tangential to the wall of the cylinder has been considered. The numerical results from this geometry are validated with the experimental results and published in the literature. In order to enhance the swirl ratio, intake flow in different components are adjusted instead of modifying the intake manifold shape and profile. The experiments are designed by full factorial approach for 3 variables (three components of intake velocity) to study the turbulent flows in a computational way and accomplished using OpenFOAM software. The induced swirl and tumble at the end of compression stroke are also computed and visualized. Numerous computations have been performed in this work during maximum intake valve lift and closed exhaust valve positions. To estimate the reliable data for predicted results, machine learning techniques such as artificial neural network is employed. Information is gathered for different combinations of intake velocity on swirl ratio and volumetric efficiency. Genetic algorithm is applied to fund the fittest data-set for several generations thereby the best optimal flow components are determined. The results from design of experiments approach and neural network techniques are compared.

A novel alternative fuel mixture (diesel–biodiesel–pentanol) for the existing unmodified direct injection diesel engine: performance and emission characteristics

The present study investigated the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel – jatropha biodiesel – pentanol blends. The test fuels used for the experiment include diesel fuel (Diesel), 80% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) (D80J20), 70% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) – 10% pentanol (v/v) (D70J20P10), and 60% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) – 20% pentanol (v/v) (D60J20P20). Studied performance characteristics include brake specific fuel consumption and torque, while emission characteristics include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and smoke opacity. Experimental results revealed that the addition of pentanol influenced a reduction in brake power and torque with a noticeable improvement in engine exhaust emissions. To conclude, the addition of pentanol (20%, v/v) to diesel–jatropha blends resulted in lowered CO, NOx, and smoke opacity by 41.76%, 27.6%, and 32.4%, respectively, because of improved oxygen content of the resulting ternary mixture and improved combustion efficiency.

An experimental study on the thermal behavior of aluminum thermoelectric system integrated with engine exhaust

ABSTRACT The current study presents the energy and exergy analysis of a thermoelectric waste heat recovery system of an automobile using an aluminum-based heat exchanger. The experiment was conducted on a 4 cylinder direct injection diesel engine by varying the load with constant engine speed. Effect of second law efficiency, availability, entropy generation along with output current, and power of the thermoelectric system on various engine loads have been considered and were compared. Furthermore, the CFD analysis of the heat exchanger of a waste heat recovery system has been considered to evaluate the optimal thickness at the inlet conditions of exhaust gas. On the basis of CFD analysis, the optimal thickness of 3 mm for the heat exchanger has been used for waste heat recovery. The maximum entropy generated by the designed waste heat recovery system is found to be significantly less than the entropy generated by the engine. However, the availability of the exhaust gas is 81.8% higher than the availability of coolant. The study revealed that significant energy is lost through the exhaust, and employing higher load with constant engine speed enhances the scope of waste heat recovery.

Combined adjustment of injection timing and compression ratio for an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with Nahar methyl ester

This study investigates the effect of compression ratio (CR: 16, 17, standard 17.5, 18) and injection timing (IT: 21°CA, standard 23, 25°CA) of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine having power output 3.5 kW at rated speed 1500 rpm fuelled by an optimal Nahar methyl ester blend (NME40). For NME40/CR18, the BTE is improved by 1.09% and EGT is lowered by 2.98% compared to NME40 at standard engine settings, at full load. The HC, CO, and smoke emission decreased for NME40/CR18 by about 15.38%, 21.5%, and 0.5% compared to NME40 at standard setting, whereas it is reduced by 25.45%, 23.73%, and 3.4% compared to diesel respectively at full load. At full load, the NOx emission for NME40/CR18 lowered by 4.73% compared to diesel. Combustion analysis reveals that higher CR has positive impact on cylinder peak pressure. Lower ID observed for higher CR and retarded IT operation.

Study of combustion characteristics on single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with plasma and HVOF coated ceramic powders on piston crown

In general the diesel combustion and its performance is based on the wear and the ceramic coating. In this paper the engine used is four stroke single cylinder diesel engine wind the fuel used for combustion is a biofuel which is the result of blending the jatropha seed oil with that off methyl ester. Since the biofuel tends to harsher on the piston which inturn affect the performance of the engine the piston are suggested to be coated with Cr3C2-PS. ZrO2 powders which acts as a thermal as well wear resistance barrier on the piston. Jatrophai organic diesel mineral is used as a blend to test diesel engine combustion and output properties. With specific loads 0%, 25%, 50%, 50%, 100% for both coated and uncoated pistons, the experimental tests on the combustion characteristics of heat escape, peak strain, inflammatory delay and thermal brake performance are tested. Due to esterification (10–20% by volume), the organic diesel blends prepared from jatropha are made. Here the jatropha bio diesel blends are used in the diesel engine whose results states that the performance of the piston coated engine is highly strengthened for about 10% than that of uncoated piston engine. Thus the cylinder pressure is improved to 20% JME in contrast with that of uncoated piston with a compression ratio of 17.5 respectively. Thus proving that the wear resistance of coated piston tends to shift by 47% to overall reduction wear rate of 35%.

Comparative analysis on the influence of antioxidants role with Pistacia khinjuk oil biodiesel to reduce emission in diesel engine

The experimental work presents the conclusions of a single cylinder diesel engine regarding performance, combustion and emission characteristics using blends of Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester. The physical and chemical properties of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester (PKME) were observed based on ASTM standards. The fatty acid compositions of Pistacia khinjuk oil methyl ester were determined using GC-MS analysis. In the present work, agriculture purpose Kirloskar make Tangentially Vertical (TV1) model single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used for experimentation. An effort has been made to utilize anti-oxidants namely Geraniol (GE) and Pyrogallol (PY) with PB20 blend to achieve enhanced fuel properties. Higher performance characteristics were observed with PB20 + PY blend than PB20 and PB20 + GE. Also, a prominent diminution in engine exhaust emissions were noticed except brake specific oxides of nitrogen emission was perceived with PB20 + PY blend. The research outcomes confirms that the PB20 + PY provided improved performance, combustion and emission characteristics than PB20 + GE which permits it to be the favourable alternative to conventional fuel.

The effects of Fe2O3 based DOC and SCR catalyst on the exhaust emissions of diesel engines

The effects of Fe2O3 based DOCs (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalysts on the exhaust emissions of diesel engine were investigated in this experimental study. The investigated catalysts, Al2O3 – TiO2/CeO2/Fe2O3 (ATCF) and Al2O3 – Nb2O5/CeO2/Fe2O3 (ANCF), were produced with impregnation method and aged for 6 h at 600 °C. FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) Surface Area analyzes were carried out to determine the specifications of catalysts. The catalytic performances of the DOCs were tested for the oxidation of CO, HC, PM, NO while SCR catalysts were tested for SCR of NOx using NH3. An individual exhaust system was built up and mounted to the engine for tests of catalysts. An electronic control system and a software were developed to control the SCR system. After the completion of experimental setup, catalysts placed inside the exhaust system were subjected to the engine tests to determine their effects on the exhaust emissions. Tests were carried out under actual working conditions with a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. In conclusion, the catalysts made significant decrease in pollutant emissions while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased slightly. ANCF released better conversion efficiency in all pollutant emissions compared to the ATCF. Maximum decreases in CO, HC and NOx emissions, which are resulted from ANCF catalyst, were obtained at a rate of 83.51%, 80.83% and 80.29% respectively.