Cylinder Configuration Research Articles

Micro-mixing enhancement in a Taylor-Couette reactor using the inner rotors with various surface configurations

This study investigates the effects of various inner cylinder configurations on micromixing and fluid dynamics within a Taylor-Couette (TC) reactor using the inner cylinders with different surface designs, including the traditional smooth-surfaced rotor cylinder. The four innovative inner cylinders were specifically designed with axial corrugations (N40 and N80) and three-dimensional rough surfaces (NZ40 and NZ80). Micromixing efficiency was assessed experimentally using the iodide-iodate reaction as a probe. To further understand the impact of the rotors' surface structures on micromixing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling was utilized to analyse the fluid dynamics within the TC reactor. An incorporation model was employed to calculate the micromixing time. The experimental findings reveal that the segregation index decreases with increasing rotation speed for all inner cylinders. Besides, NZ80′s micro-mixing efficiency surpasses that of its counterparts, NZ40, N40, and N80. The CFD modelling results underscore the significant influence of the inner cylinder's surface configuration on the turbulence dissipation rate and volume probability distribution, which are likely to contribute positively to the micromixing efficiency within the TC reactor. Furthermore, the empirical correlations obtained have been established to understand the micro-mixing time within TC reactors using different rotating cylinders.

Numerical analysis of evaporation process in the heating column of a solar water desalination plant under various geometries, ambient conditions, solar radiations, and time steps

Solar-powered desalination offers a promising and sustainable method for producing potable water. In this study, the heating column of a solar desalination powerplant is numerically investigated under different novel geometric/structure scenarios, various solar/ambient conditions and different seawater salinity through different time steps. The primary objective is to identify the optimal configuration that maximizes water evaporation within the heating cylinder which has not been carried out before. Initially, four distinct heating cylinder configurations are examined under a fixed time step. The most promising configuration is then selected and evaluated under a broader range of ambient conditions and the same time step. The influence of solar radiation throughout the day is also analyzed. Finally, the evaporation process is simulated for the selected geometrical and environmental conditions across different time steps ranging from 60 to 300 s. The findings reveal that incorporating fins alone, a glass cover alone, and a combination of both fins and a glass cover could enhance the volume fraction of vapor by approximately 8 %, 33.3 % and 10.6 %, respectively, compared to the baseline configuration without fins or a glass cover. However, the evaporation rate for the glass cover configuration increased with rising ambient air temperature. Additionally, the highest evaporation is observed at 15:00 p.m., corresponding to the peak solar radiation intensity. Under optimal conditions, the heating cylinder achieved a promising vapor volume fraction of approximately 78.2 % after 300 s. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing solar desalination system design. By increasing the salinity of the water from 0 to 75 %, the value of steam volume fraction is reduced from 77 % to 60 % for a given time step.

Development of an efficient design optimization strategy for thick-walled cylinders treated with combinations of autofrettage, shrink-fit and wire-winding processes

Shrink-fit, wire-winding, and autofrettage processes are commonly utilized to enhance fatigue strength and durability of thick-walled cylinders across various mechanical applications. In this study, a novel practical design optimization methodology has been developed to determine the optimal configuration of a thick-walled cylinder, incorporating different combinations of shrink-fit, wire-winding, and autofrettage techniques. The objective is to identify the optimal layer thickness, shrink-fit interference, conventional autofrettage pressure, and reverse autofrettage pressure, if applicable, to maximize the compressive residual stress and minimize the tensile residual stress, thereby extending fatigue lifetime of the cylinder. First, different configurations of thick-walled cylinders, subjected to various combinations of reinforcement processes, are identified. A dataset of residual hoop stress profiles through the cylinder thickness is subsequently generated for these configurations based on the same manufacturing process. Neural network regression is effectively utilized to construct a single fitting function for the residual hoop stress profiles. A parametric study is performed to determine the optimal training functions, activation functions, and hyperparameters, achieving a remarkable agreement with the dataset, indicated by a coefficient of determination of over 0.97. A combination of Genetic Algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithms is utilized to determine the accurate optimal values. Fatigue life analysis is subsequently conducted to estimate the fatigue lifetime of the optimal configuration. Results suggest that the optimal configuration, involving conventional autofrettage of the inner layer followed by shrink-fitting with a virgin layer and wire-winding the entire assembly, achieves a maximum fatigue life of 88 × 10⁶ cycles under cyclic pressure load of 300 MPa.

Numerical investigation of the heat transfer and flow pattern on tandem triangle-grooved cylinders

Modifying surface characteristics and geometric structure to regulate heat transfer and flow fields is a classical issue. The study of wake dynamics and heat transfer efficiency in tandem grooved cylinders hold fundamental importance. This research proposes a configuration of tandem cylinders with triangle-grooved surfaces and numerical simulates the vorticity, fluid forces, Strouhal numbers, and convective heat transfer in tandem grooved cylinders. The parameters investigated include orientation angles θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and Reynolds numbers Re = 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200. This study focuses on how the triangle-grooved angle (θ) and Re affect wake dynamics and thermal performance. Numerical results are validated against available data in the literature for tandem smooth and tandem grooved cylinders. The results indicate that, compared to tandem smooth cylinders, the positive vorticity intensity of tandem grooved cylinders is 35.7 % higher, while the negative vorticity intensity is 23.5 % lower. Further observations show that at θ = 45°, the pressure variation on the upstream cylinder is most significant, approximately twice that at θ = 0° and θ = 90°. Notably, the variation values of the downstream cylinder (β = 0°) at θ = 0° and θ = 45° are triple and double that of the upstream cylinder in TF mode, respectively. Additionally, at θ = 0°, the root mean square lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder reaches the maximum value (Re = 75–100), approximately 1.34. When Re = 125, CL(rms),1 decreases by 15.7 % to 1.13. Particularly, when Re = 100–150, the time-averaged drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder shows a peak value of approximately 1.02. Interestingly, at Re = 200, a tadpole-shaped thermal distribution forms in the wake region of the upstream cylinder. Furthermore, the time-averaged Nusselt number ratio (θ = 0°) exhibits a trend opposite to other cases over a broader range (125 ≤ Re ≤ 200) and peaks at Re = 200, approximately 1.24.

Exploring kinematic stability of vortex structures: A topological approach to fluid flow around staggered square cylinders

In this study, a detailed fluid dynamics analysis is conducted around two identical square cylinders in a staggered configuration at a Reynolds number (Re) of 40, using a stabilized finite-element method to investigate the kinematic stability of vortex structures. By varying the horizontal spacing (S/D) between 2 and 30 and examining transverse gaps (T/D) of 0.25, 0.8, and 1.25, the research uncovers significant flow behavior variations from the tandem configuration, highlighting complex fluid-structure interactions. The presence of “separation bubbles” at lower S/D values across all T/D ratios indicates the dynamic impact of the upstream cylinder's proximity on the flow field, particularly on the stagnation points of the downstream cylinder. Through a comprehensive topological analysis, the study identifies various flow regimes and topological bifurcations, revealing transitions between stable states that maintain the number of critical points constant, and the kinematic stability of these vortical structures is established by the critical point theory. The effect of cylinder configurations and diverse flow structures on fluid loading is also analyzed by examining surface pressure coefficients. The asymmetry present in the cylinder configuration is manifested through the asymmetric values of lift coefficients.

PIV-based fast pressure reconstruction and noise prediction of tandem cylinder configuration

PIV-based fast pressure reconstruction and noise prediction of tandem cylinder configuration

Application of ternary nanofluid and rotating cylinders in the cooling system of photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator coupled module and computational cost reduction

Innovative cooling systems and solar panel modeling approaches have become critical for effective photovoltaic module performance and higher energy efficiency. In the present study, a novel cooling system for thermoelectric generator integrated photovoltaic module is proposed. Three dimensional coupled photovoltaic module/thermoelectric generator/cooling channel system is numerically analyzed by using Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The cooling channels include rotating circular cylinders, with ternary nanofluid serving as the cooling medium. Three dimensional coupled numerical simulations are carried out for various values of cylinder’s rotational speed (rotational Reynolds number, Rew between 0 and 5000), number of channels with rotating cylinders (N between 2 and 8), size of the cylinders in the cooling channel (RC between 0.006H and 0.433H) and nanoparticle amount in water (ϕ between 0 and 3%). Higher rotational speed of the cylinders, higher nanoparticle loading and higher channel number with cylinder contribute positively to the performance enhancement of the photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator coupled system. In the case of motionless cylinder in cooling channels, larger cylinder sizes have negative impact on the performance. By using cylinders that rotate at the fastest possible rate together with the usage of ternary nanofluid and only water, photovoltaic-cell temperature drops of 61.6 °C and 61 °C in comparison to un-cooled photovoltaic are achieved. When compared to motionless cylinder arrangements, cell temperature reductions of 4.3 °C and 3 °C are achieved by using the fastest rotation speeds for the base fluid and nanofluid. The temperature of the photovoltaic cells decreases and the thermoelectric power increases as the number of rotating cylinders in the cooling channels increases while temperature of the cell drops by 2 °C from N=2 to N=8 and becomes 4.3 °C as compared to motionless cylinder configuration. An efficient computational method by using proper orthogonal decomposition is proposed. While the computational time is reduced by a factor of 1/50, the approach is effective in properly predicting the variation in photovoltaic-cell temperature. The proposed cooling system and practical computational method are useful for further development and optimization of efficient thermal management of photovoltaic panels and integrated systems.

Roughness-Induced Transition in Supersonic Boundary Layers with Wall Heating and Cooling Effects

The laminar–turbulent transition of a supersonic boundary layer induced by an isolated roughness element is investigated using direct numerical simulation, BiGlobal linear stability theory, and the three-dimensional parabolized stability equation. Cylindrical and diamond-shaped roughness elements are investigated in combination with different wall temperatures. Direct numerical simulations show that the cylinder configuration induces an earlier transition than the diamond configuration, with the interaction between the separated shear layer and the counter-rotating vortices causing the transition. BiGlobal analysis and the parabolized stability equation confirm the existence of two unstable instability modes in the wake region, namely, a symmetric mode and an antisymmetric mode, with the former being strongly dominant. The wall cooling and heating effects are studied by changing the wall temperature. Wall heating lifts the inlet boundary layer and weakens the separated shear layer. This, in turn, weakens the wake instability and delays the transition. The antisymmetric model disappears as the wall heating increases. Wall cooling accelerates the transition by enhancing the distortion of the roughness wake, resulting in stronger instabilities. Finally, the Reynolds number based on the momentum defect is used to define the transition criterion, and this is found to be in good agreement with the present simulation results.

Analysis of NePCM melting flow inside a trapezoidal enclosure with hot cylinders: Effects of hot cylinders configuration and slope angle

Hot cylinders within the cavity can find diverse thermal applications, ranging from electronic devices and heat exchangers to solar systems, nuclear reactors, and the thermal design of passive cooling systems. Consequently, considering the use of phase change materials (PCM) close to hot cylinders emerges as a viable method for both cooling and storing thermal energy. In this work, two hot cylinders are arranged vertically and horizontally in the nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) trapezoidal enclosure with varying angles. The novelty of the current study lies in the fact that no prior research has explored the impact of hot cylinders arrangement on the melting process of a NePCM within a trapezoidal cavity, considering various inclination angles. The fixed grid, adaptive mesh refinement, and enthalpy-porosity method are used to model the melting flow. The numerical results indicate that the trapezoidal enclosure with vertically arranged hot cylinders exhibits better thermal performance than the other configuration. It is also found that the full melting time for both arrangements is minimum when the angle of the trapezoidal enclosure is γ=+40°. The reduction in full melting times for the vertical and horizontal arrangements of this angle are 25.3% and 29.6%, respectively, compared to the trapezoidal enclosure with γ=0.0°. Moreover, the NePCM with the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) of φ=1.0% has the shortest melting time for 0.0%≤φ≤3.0%. As future research, further exploration into the complexities of non-Newtonian NePCM flow can be pursued. Additionally, there is potential to explore modifying the cylinders' geometry into elliptical forms, encompassing a range of aspect ratios.

The engineering elastic constants of bio-inspired sandwich cores with wavy cylinders

Beetle Elytron Plates (BEPs) represent a new class of biomimetic sandwich cores with excellent mechanical properties and inspired by the internal structure of the beetle elytra. The cores have a hexagonal centre-symmetric configuration with through-thickness cylinders in the unit cell. The present work describes the behaviour of the engineering elastic constants of an evolution of these BEP topologies that feature cylinders with waviness. These BEP core configurations are simulated using Finite Element models, with periodic boundary conditions for volumetric homogenization. The models are then used to perform a parametric analysis against the geometry characteristics of the new cellular configurations. This work further explores the potential design space of BEP cellular metamaterials by altering the geometry of the trabeculae and facilitates further investigation into the mechanical properties of these new BEP topologies with wave-shaped units. Although – and as expected - the specific nondimensional out-of-plane tensile modulus has values here close to unity, BEP topologies with out-of-plane wave-shaped cylinders show enhanced in-plane moduli values than classical straight cylinder configurations, except for the Young's modulus of MBEP cores with only one semi-wave. The same trend is observed for the nondimensional Young's modulus of EBEP configurations, whereas the situation is opposite for the MBEP topologies. The nondimensional out-of-plane shear modulus decreases for both EBEP and MBEP configurations compared to the straight cylinder cores.

A finite element-inspired hypergraph neural network: Application to fluid dynamics simulations

An emerging trend in deep learning research focuses on the applications of graph neural networks (GNNs) for mesh-based continuum mechanics simulations. Most of these learning frameworks operate on graphs wherein each edge connects two nodes. Inspired by the data connectivity in the finite element method, we present a method to construct a hypergraph by connecting the nodes by elements rather than edges. A hypergraph message-passing network is defined on such a node-element hypergraph that mimics the calculation process of local stiffness matrices. We term this method a finite element-inspired hypergraph neural network, in short FEIH(ϕ)-GNN. We further equip the proposed network with rotation equivariance, and explore its capability for modeling unsteady fluid flow systems. The effectiveness of the network is demonstrated on two common benchmark problems, namely the fluid flow around a circular cylinder and airfoil configurations. Stabilized and accurate temporal roll-out predictions can be obtained using the ϕ-GNN framework within the interpolation Reynolds number range. The network is also able to extrapolate moderately towards higher Reynolds number domain out of the training range.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cylindrical and Shaped Cooling Holes With Forward and Reverse Injection

The present work proposes a suitable injection hole configuration of cylinder and laidback fan-shaped with forward and reverse direction for film cooling of a gas turbine blades application, based on experimental and numerical analysis. The experimental study is conducted for cylindrical hole at blowing ratio (1), injection angle (35°), and density ratio (1.2). The numerical study is performed for a wide range of operating parameters such as blowing ratios on (1-3), density ratios (2.42), mainstream flow Reynolds number as 4000 based on the hydraulic diameter of wind tunnel channel and, injection angle (35°) with the effect of forward and reverse injection of laidback fan shaped. The present study reveals that the formation of kidney vortices mitigated for reverse-shaped holes (secondary air is injected such that its axial velocity component is in the reverse direction to that of the mainstream) results in higher cooling performance with respect to forward-shaped holes. The coolant coverage is likewise more consistent and higher in the lateral direction compared to the forward injection.

Thermocapillary convection in shallow liquid layers for moderate Prandtl number liquids using different cylinder configurations

In this paper, the influence of thermocapillary convection in a shallow annular pool using different cylinder configurations is numerically investigated. An axisymmetric, two-dimensional, cylindrical geometry with two concentric cylinders kept at two different temperatures constitutes the model. The main cylinder has a radius of 40 mm and the secondary cylinder has a radius of 20 mm. The effects of Prandtl numbers (Pr = 6.7, 16.1, and 25.2) and layer depths (d = 3.0 mm and 11.0 mm) on the streamlines, isotherms, velocity, and temperature profiles at various locations of the flow are investigated. Depending on the position of the secondary cylinder, three different configurations: 1) an internal cylinder 2) an external cylinder, and a 3) central cylinder is analysed. The flow is characterized by a rapid inward flow along the hot outer wall towards the colder inner wall. In deeper pool at lower Prandtl numbers, flow patterns are characterized by a single rolling cell structure. Conversely, secondary cell formations appear in shallow pool regardless of the Prandtl number. Based on the comparative analysis of various cylinder configurations, it is clear that the external cylinder generates greater velocities and temperatures along its surface. The maximum disparity in surface velocity between an external cylinder and other configurations is 7%, 12%, and 13% for Prandtl numbers of 6.7, 16.1, and 25.2 respectively. Therefore, positioning the cylinder externally promotes swifter convection and more effective mixing of the fluid.

Flow over a step cylinder using partially-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with application towards dynamic subsea power cables

Understanding the flow characteristics of buoyancy sections in power cable and umbilical configurations is crucial for analyzing floating offshore wind turbine systems. Buoyancy sections decouple the motions from the floater and the destination point to ensure the integrity of the system. Using accurate drag coefficients in their design is essential, as they significantly impact the overall behavior of the configuration. Therefore, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis is performed in the present study on a single buoyancy module attached to a power cable represented by a step cylinder configuration. The Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) turbulence model is applied. Its accuracy is validated against experimental findings of a wall-mounted cantilever cylinder and an infinite cylinder. The numerical results reveal that the larger diameter cylinder (LDC) section reduces the drag experienced by the smaller diameter cylinder (SDC) section near the junction. The LDC has a sharp, chamfered, and filleted edge replicating the various shapes of buoyancy modules. The edge design of the LDC affects the drag forces and flow patterns. The SDC has an 8% lower drag coefficient in the fillet edge case than the sharp edge case. The drag coefficient is 3.5% lower for the LDC in the filleted edge case than the sharp edge case. The sharp edge causes a significant separation of the fluid upstream of the SDC. However, this separation is notably reduced when the LDC has a chamfered or filleted edge. Detailed drag coefficients for buoyancy section analysis of power cable configurations have been deduced from the presented results.

Investigation of Hydrokinetic Tidal Energy Harvesting Using a Mangrove-Inspired Device

There is a trend towards harvesting tidal energy in shallow water. This study examined how tidal energy can be harvested using a device of oscillating cylinders inspired by the roots of mangroves. A specific focus was placed on optimising the configuration of these devices, informed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of wake interference in the von Kármán vortex street of the cylinders. A maximum efficiency of 13.54% was achieved at a peak voltage of 16 mV, corresponding to an electrical power output of 0.0199 mW (13.5% of the hydrokinetic energy of the water) and a power density of 7.2 mW/m2 for a flow velocity of 0.04 m/s (Re=239). The configuration of upstream cylinders proved to have a significant impact on the power generation capacity, corroborated further in CFD simulations. The effect of wake interference was non-trivial on the magnitude and quality of power, with tandem arrangements showing the largest impact followed by staggered arrangements. Though with comparatively low energy densities, the device’s efficiencies found in this study indicate a great potential to harvest tidal energy in shallow water, which provides a consistent baseload power to supplement intermittent renewables (e.g., solar and wind).

Scattering and enhancement of electromagnetic waves energy by coaxial plasma cylinders

The scattering of plane electromagnetic waves by three configurations of coaxial plasma cylinders is investigated in perpendicular incidence.‏ The results show that the electromagnetic energy enhancement and redistribution of energy are significantly affected by plasma frequency, electron neutral collision frequency, incident wave frequency, and the configuration of coaxial plasma cylinders. With increasing the collision frequency at fixed plasma frequency and incident wave frequency, the maximum relative energy density of the focal spot increases, and with a further increase in the collision frequency, the maximum relative energy density of the focal spot reaches some maximum value and begins to decrease. Furthermore, for fixed values of collision and plasma frequencies, at incident frequencies where the focal length is large, the maximum relative energy density is small. One main result obtained in this research indicates that the energy enhancement at the focal spot for TM polarization scattering is more than for TE mode. The results of this paper may be used for applications related to the redistribution and enhancement of electromagnetic energy.

Design of volumetric sound metadiffusers using gradient-based optimization

Broadband volumetric sound diffusers are designed by using gradient-based optimization (GBO) by adjusting the position and radius of each scatterer in nonuniform configurations. The multiple scattering theory is employed to evaluate the diffusion coefficient by computing the scattered pressure field by nonuniform planar configurations of cylindrical scatterers for a monopole excitation. The analytical formulas for the gradients of the diffusion coefficient with respect to positions and radii of a cluster of cylindrical scatterers are derived which enhance the modeling when integrated with GBO and parallel computing. Sound volume metadiffusers with a high diffusion coefficient are designed by perturbatively rearranging the scatterer configurations. Single frequency and broad-octave-band optimizations are performed to maximize the diffusion coefficient while supplying analytical formulas for its gradients with respect to positions and radii. The GBO is implemented by direct optimization employing Multistart and fmincon solvers with sequential quadratic programming algorithms. The GBO approach is demonstrated providing numerical examples for nonuniform configurations of rigid cylinders embedded in the air environment. The polar plots for scattered pressure are evaluated for a wide range of ⅓ octave bands. The GBO approach can facilitate the automated metamaterial process by combining it with global optimization, generative modeling, and reinforcement learning.

Edge-Based Viscous Method for Mixed-Element Node-Centered Finite-Volume Solvers

A novel, efficient, edge-based viscous (EBV) discretization method has been recently developed and implemented in a practical, unstructured-grid, node-centered, finite-volume flow solver. The EBV method is applied to viscous-kernel computations that include evaluations of mean-flow viscous fluxes, turbulence-model and chemistry-model diffusion terms, and the corresponding Jacobian contributions. Initially, the EBV method had been implemented for tetrahedral grids and demonstrated multifold acceleration of all viscous-kernel computations. This paper presents an extension of the EBV method for mixed-element grids. In addition to the primal edges of a given mixed-element grid, virtual edges are introduced to connect cell nodes that are not connected by a primal edge. The EBV method uses an efficient loop over all (primal and virtual) edges and features a compact discretization stencil based on the nearest neighbors. This study verifies the EBV method and assesses its efficiency on mixed-element grids by comparing the EBV solution accuracy and iterative convergence with those of well-established solutions obtained using a cell-based viscous (CBV) discretization method. The EBV solver’s memory footprint is optimized and often smaller than the memory footprint of the CBV solver. An EBV implementation of a nonlinear extension of the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model, SA-neg-QCR2000, is also presented and verified. The SA-neg-QCR2000 model is used for simulating turbulent corner flows. Multifold speedup is demonstrated for all viscous-kernel computations, resulting in significant reduction of the time to solutions for several benchmark mixed-element-grid computations, including simulations of subsonic flows around a hemisphere–cylinder configuration and a NASA juncture-flow model, a supersonic flow through a long square duct, and a hypersonic, chemically reacting flow around a blunt body.

Non-similar approach on the MHD Carreau nanofluid flow with quadratic radiation and Soret-Dufour effects

The present study aims to investigate the influence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau nanofluid flow past a stretching cylinder with quadratic Rosseland heat radiation. This paper examines the consequences of the Soret-Dufour effects when considering the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian effects. The convective and diffusive boundary conditions have been implemented. The modeled mathematical system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into a dimensionless representation using a non-similar approach. The ensuing set of dimensionless equations are solved numerically with local non-similarity method (LNM) aided by the finite difference algorithm. The findings of the study unveil that the presence of the Dufour and Soret effect declines the heat transfer and mass transfer rates, respectively. It is also noted that flow profiles are more profound in the case of stretching cylinder configuration. Per unit increase in the hydrodynamic slip parameter augments the drag coefficient by 35.87% and 33.40% for cylinder and sheet configurations, respectively. The present study has potential applications in biomedicine, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, theranostics and cardiovascular treatments.

Using Data Assimilation to Improve Turbulence Modeling for Inclined Jets in Crossflow

Abstract Data assimilation (DA) integrating limited experimental data and computational fluid dynamics is applied to improve the prediction accuracy of flow and mixing behavior in inclined jet-in-crossflow (JICF). The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach is used as the DA technique, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling serves as the prediction framework. The flow field and scalar mixing characteristics of a cylinder-inclined JICF and a sand dune (SD)-inspired inclined JICF are studied at various velocity ratios (VR = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2). First, the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model and the standard k-ɛ model are investigated based on the cylinder configuration at VR = 1.2. An optimized set of model constants are determined for each model using the EnKF-based data assimilation. The SA model shows remarkable improvement and better prediction in flow separation than the standard k-ɛ model after DA. Further exploration demonstrates that this set of the SA model constants can be extended to other VRs and even the SD-inspired configuration, mainly due to the correction of the predicted flow separation in inclined JICF. Finally, an investigation of the concentration field also shows satisfying improvement, resulting from a more appropriate turbulent Schmidt number. The optimized model constants, the revealed extensibility, and the uncovered mechanism of using the EnKF-based DA to improve the simulation of JICF could facilitate the design of related applications such as gas turbine film cooling.