Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Research Articles

Performance and CO2 emission of a single cylinder compression ignition engine powered by Khaya senegalensis non-edible seeds fuel blends

This work aimed at investigating blends of Khaya senegalensis biodiesel in a compression ignition engine, attempting to improve engine performance and reduce CO2 emission compared with conventional diesel. Analysis of System (ANSYS) was used to predict in-cylinder behavior of the fuel. ANSYS SpaceClaim generated the geometric model on which 5° sector and mesh refinement was on ANSYS Internal Combustion Engine Modeler (ICEM). Computational domain of interest lies within the compression and expansion strokes. Experimental validation followed: 5% biodiesel, 95% diesel (B5); 15% biodiesel, 85% diesel (B15); 25% biodiesel, 75% diesel (B25); pure diesel (D100); pure biodiesel (B100) in volume proportions. B15 has the highest brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 4 bar as load increases. An experimental and numerical comparison reveals pressure declination against speed increment. Ignition temperature fluctuated between 799.76 and 806.256 K for D100 and 760.73–790.62 K for B100 within 1800–2800 rpm speed limit prediction. Power and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) had parallel load increment with all blends. CO2 emission on increasing load conditions were 47.01%, 8.07%, 21.72% and 6.06% for B5, B15, B25, and B100 respectively lower than D100. Pressure and temperature contours gave proper combustion predicted behaviors. All blends possess replaceable performance potential for D100 however, B5 offers better reliable potentials.

A comparative study on the effect of nano-additives on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine run on castor biodiesel blended fuel

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel because of its renewable status, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low pollution levels. However, other limitations such as high viscosity, low thermal energy content, poor atomization, greater densities, and higher (NOx) exhaust emissions hinder its adoption as a prospective diesel alternative. The current study focuses on comparing and analyzing the performance and emission effects of introducing single and hybrid cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles to a fuel blend of 20 % castor biodiesel and 80 % diesel (CB20) made from castor seed oil. The pulsed plasma in liquid technique, a straightforward one-step procedure, was used to create cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. When Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to the CB20, the cylinder pressure and rate of heat release increased. Therefore, in this study single and hybrid cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles are introduced. The tests were conducted on a single cylinder compression ignition engine at varied engine speeds between 1250 and 3200 rpm while keeping a constant engine load. Using a water bath and sonication, two concentrations of the nanoparticles—80 and 100 ppm—were introduced to the fuel blends, along with Tween 80 and span 80 surfactants to improve blend stability. Different tested fuel samples, including pure diesel CB0, CB20, CB20C100, CB20C80, CB20A100, CB20A80, CB20A40C40, and CB20A50C50, were examined for their physiochemical properties, such as density, viscosity, cloud point, pour point, flash point, and fire points, as well as engine performance parameters, including torque, power, fuel consumption, BTE, and EGT. CB20A50C50 and CB20A40C40 both had an average brake power that was higher than diesel fuel by 6.14 % and 1.25 percent, respectively. The average brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 3.21 % to 8.29 % when using hybrid and single nano-additive blended fuels compared to CB20. CB20A50C50 exhibited a 20.38 % higher brake thermal efficiency than CB20. Notably, CB20C100 showed a 29.52 % reduction in HC and a 38.32 % reduction in CO, while CB20A50C50 demonstrated a 10.24 % decrease in NOx compared to CB20. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the generated fuel blends combining castor biodiesel and aluminum oxide/cerium oxide nanoparticles hold promise as alternate fuels for diesel engines, with positive impacts on engine performance and emissions.

Experimental study of RCCI engine – Ammonia combustion with diesel pilot injection

Ammonia is seen as one potential carbon-free fuel, especially for maritime applications. Since SI engines require a significant ignition energy for large cylinders, engine manufacturers are targeting the use of ammonia in Compressed Ignition (CI) engines. Because of ammonia’s high auto-ignition temperature, to ensure that the combustion occurs in a CI engine, a pilot injection of a higher reactivity fuel must be used, as in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engines. In the present study, the objective was to provide first unique data about the efficiency and pollutant emissions for a single cylinder compression ignition engine with a diesel energy fraction as minimum as possible (down to less than 2%) at a constant 1000 rpm. Experiments cover the impact of a wide variation of equivalence ratios of NH3-air mixtures from ultra-lean to slightly rich conditions. CO2, CO, NH3, NOX, N2O, UHC values were measured with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Results of CO2 and N2O are presented as CO2-Equivalent (CO2eq) impact. Combustion stability was achieved for most conditions but not for the leanest ones. Furthermore, under lean conditions for a similar ammonia content, the minimum CO2eq is reached with a slightly higher Diesel Energy Fraction than the minimum possible. Finally, both leanest and richest conditions present a higher level of CO2eq compared to the range of ammonia/air mixtures at stoichiometry or just below.

Performance-emission optimization in a single cylinder CI-engine with diesel hydrogen dual fuel: A spherical fuzzy MARCOS MCGDM based Type-3 fuzzy logic approach

This paper presents a novel approach to optimize the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine using diesel-hydrogen dual fuel. A TMI (timed manifold injection) system was designed employing an ECU (electronic control unit) for hydrogen induction into the engine manifold. The results showed a significant enhancement in BTHE (12.44% Max. enhancement at 85% full load condition under DH4 strategy) compared to base-diesel operation. The NOx emissions were enhanced to a maximum of 10.33 g/kw-hr at full load under the DH4 strategy. The emissions of UHC were found to be higher at lower loads and get significantly reduced to a maximum of 3.98 g/kw-hr at full load under the DH2 strategy. In comparison, soot emissions decrease substantially and are reduced to a maximum of 0.02 g/kw-hr at 85% full load condition under the DH5 strategy. The proposed method utilizes a Spherical Fuzzy MARCOS MCGDM-based Type-3 Fuzzy Logic approach, which integrates several criteria and uncertain inputs to improve decision-making. The paper outlines the theoretical framework of the approach and the experimental setup used for validation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces emissions while simultaneously improving the engine's performance. Overall, this study offers an innovative and effective solution for optimizing the performance and emissions of diesel-hydrogen dual fuel engines.

Performance And Emission Test on A Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Using Neem Oil Blends by Sonication

The transportation segment is the single biggest customer of oil determined vitality. Generally, fluid hydrocarbons have developed as the essential transportation fuel in light of their high vitality content per unit volume and as a result of the effortlessness of fluid fuel dealing with and conveyance frameworks rather than those required for strong or vaporous energizes. Thus, our present day transportation control plants have been intended to utilize fluid powers and oil refiners have, through a transformative procedure, been fitting to meet the prerequisites of cylinder motors. This fitting of the fuel to meet motor necessities must be reevaluated. As a transitional procedure, other vitality sources must be looked for which can be utilized as a part of altered cylinder motors. This transitional procedure could most recent a very long while as new but unclear, transportation frameworks are produced.

Performance and emission characteristics of salviniaceae filiculoides aquatic fern oil and SiO2 nano additive biodiesel in CI engine

This present study deals the engine performance and emission of adding SiO2 nano additives in novel salviniaceae filiculoides aquatic fern biomass derived biodiesel. The primary aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of adding SiO2 nano additives into the Azolla Oil Methyl Ester (AZOME) as a sustainable biodiesel in the Compression Ignition (CI) engine and studying the engine performance and emission effects. The Azolla Oil Methyl Ester was prepared via transesterification process and blended with as-present diesel with various percentages. The SiO2 nano particles are mixed with AZOME using sonication. The test was conducted using a single cylinder Compression Ignition engine with different blends of AZOME biodiesel. The fuel was injected into the engine at different spill timings as 20°, 23°, and 26° Crank Angle (CA) before (b) Top Dead Centre (TDC). According to the results the break thermal efficiency of AZOME and its SiO2 blends were improved with spill timings. On compare with the conventional diesel the Injection Time (IT) of 23° b TDC and the average Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of AZ20 fuel at the retarded spill timing of 20° was raised by 3.38%, while the AZ100 fuel at 20° b TDC is decreased by 0.9%. However the emission of AZ100 fuel found to be lesser due to the presence of SiO2 nano additives. Thus the addition of SiO2 nano additives along with aquatic biomass Azolla Oil Methyl Ester reduced the emission without affecting the engine performance.

Experimental Investigations and Numerical Modelling of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Biodiesel Blend

In this study, diesel fuel and two hundredth by volume of synthesised biodiesel from waste coconut oil (WB20) were used as fuel in unmodified, naturally aspirated, single cylinder compression ignition engine to study their performance and combustion characteristics at full load condition. Numerical studies were carried out with the use of CFD and compiled with the experimental results. FORTE software was used for CFD simulation. Methyl-palmitate (MPA) and Dodecane (C12H26) were used as surrogate fuels for biodiesel and diesel fuel respectively. The variation of special parts for diesel fuel and WB20 with CI engine in-cylinder pressure, in- cylinder temperature and mass fraction of O2, CO and NO emission at 10p and 20p ATDC were analysed. The mass fraction contours of in-cylinder temperature, O2, CO and NO for diesel fuel and WB20 were found to be decreased with increase in crank angle from 10o to 20° ATDC. The maximum BTE, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, O2, CO2 and NO were obtained for WB20 at 10° ATDC.

Experimental Investigation of Intake Manifold Design Effect on Diesel Engine Performance

Intake port geometry is the most significant parameter for air supply of engines into combustion space. Especially because only air is supplied into combustion spaces of diesel engines and the fuel is sprayed over the air, intake port geometry should form a specific horizontal turbulence ratio in formation of fuel-air mixture. In this study, the impact of cylinder heads of intake port of a single cylinder compression ignition engine produced with 3 different geometries on performance and emissions of the engine was analysed experimentally. Additionally, the impact of intake port geometry produced with old and new moulds on 3 different geometries was researched. As a result of the study; power, torque, specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperatures, intake air flow and soot emission were measured. It was found out that the different intake port designs had impact on performance parameters, specific fuel consumption and soot emission following the study. Moreover, it was shown that the change of intake port didn’t have any impact on the flow of the air intake in low speed. It was observed that the cylinder heads produced with old and new mould cores had a significant impact. It is predicted that the main reason for the poor performance of the port geometry, which is called Y-type and creates a wider auger around the intake valve, may be due to the low turbulence intensity it creates in the cylinder. X and Z type ports gave better results by about 15% in power and torque values. Z type intake port gave the best performance in terms of exhaust gas temperature and soot emission.

Investigation of B20 preheating effectivity in single cylinder compression ignition engine performance

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectivity of B20 preheating in single cylinder compression ignition engine. Characteristic of fuel viscosity for some variant heating temperatures are explored. Engine performance was also carried out for measuring the impact of preheating the fuel. Cylinder pressure and emission of engine in some preheating fuel temperature conditions are measured. The heating B20 in range temperature 30–50 °C show the viscosity characteristic that full fill the ASTM 6751 and EN14214 standard. The engine performance shows the significant improvement when the B20 was heated at 40 °C prior to CI engine injector. The B20 preheating at 40 °C are the highest cylinder pressure, a lower specific fuel consumption, a lower carbon monoxide, the lowest carbon dioxide, the lowest oxygen content compared to ambient and others fuel temperature.

Analyzing emission characteristics of bio-fuel at varying mass fraction of nanoparticles

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cobalt oxide nanoparticle (nano- Co3O4) fraction on soyabean oil-based biodiesel mixture which was used in a four-stroke single cylinder compression ignition engine test rig. In order to create four unique mixtures initially soyabean oil had been mixed with the diesel at a concentration of 20 percent to create biodiesel (SD20) and further the nanoparticles were then introduced to form three ternary blends with 30 60 or 90 ppm of nano-Co3O4in biodiesel. According to the findings of this research incorporating 60 ppm of nano-Co3O4 to soyabean biodiesel enhanced the brake thermal efficacy (BTE) by 40.25 % comparing to the SD20 blend. Additionally the presence of nano-Co3O4 in biodiesel at a proportion of 90 ppm had caused a minimization of CO emissions by 68.57 %. Further amalgamating 60 ppm of nano-Co3O4 in biodiesel abridged the HC emission of biodiesel by 35.78 %. In contrast introducing 30 ppm of nano-Co3O4 in biodiesel increased the NOx emissions comparing to the biodiesel on an average at all the loading scenarios.

Combustion and vibration study of a direct injection compression ignition engine fuelled with Moringa oleifera biodiesel–diesel blends

ABSTRACT The intention of the current experimental analysis was for the assessment of combustion and vibration using a direct injection single cylinder compression ignition engine. The tests were performed at different loads of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% separately with the Moringa oleifera-diesel mixed test fuels samples such as; B0D100, B10D90, B20D80, and B30D70. The parameters concerning combustion i.e. cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release rate (NHRR) of the diesel engine was improved somewhat while fuelling with M. oleifera biodiesel blends compared to conventional diesel. Besides, the engine vibrations were brought down for biodiesel usage rather than regular diesel. The improvement in combustion and vibration was observed at higher loads. B20D80 was shown best the outcome than the remaining fuel samples. At 100% load, the peak values of CP and NHRR intended for B20D80 were enhanced by 2.91% and 9.5%, while the RMS velocity (vibration) was lowered by 14.27%.

Effect of diesel‐biodiesel‐alcohol blends on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine

AbstractSynthesis of biodiesel from raw based waste materials is much more influential for economic support of the nation, as many researchers have concluded that the use of fossil fuels is no longer sufficient in the coming decade, so one should look into the alternate source of energy in order to sustain the energy for our daily needs. Neem methyl ester produced from waste neem seed, which is cheap, and available in the surroundings has an opportunity for nonconventional sustainable energy and whereas, rice wine alcohol obtained from waste cooked rice by fermentation process can be checked for diesel engine operation, here study investigates the influence of these synthetic fuel diesel‐biodiesel‐alcohol blend in combustion, performance and emission characteristics. Biodiesel and alcohol are introduced to enhance oxygenation properties of the test fuels, and also adding 10% rice wine alcohol in the blends changed the physiochemical properties of the test fuels like lowered the flash point, fire point, viscosity and calorific value, where D80B10RW10 increased the cylinder pressure by 1.23% and lowered the emission like smoke opacity and unburnt hydrocarbons by 23.95%, 21.62% as compared to diesel. The overall test results conclude that a low blend of biodiesel with 10% rice wine alcohol has an opportunity to be implemented in the existing engine for the coming decade.

An experimental and modelling study of dual fuel aqueous ammonia and diesel combustion in a single cylinder compression ignition engine

The ability of ammonia to act as a hydrogen carrier, without the drawbacks of hydrogen gas-storage costs and low stability-renders it a potential solution to the decarbonisation of transport. This study combines both modelling and experimental techniques to determine the effect of varying the degree of aspiration of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution, at different engine loads, in the combustion of a compression ignition engine. Ignition delay was extended as ammonia injection increased, causing an increase in peak in-cylinder temperature, but generally lower combustion quality-increasing incomplete combustion products, while decreasing particle size. The higher peak in-cylinder temperatures generally correlated with higher nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions in the exhaust, though a fuel-bound nitrogen effect was apparent. Chemical kinetic modelling at equivalent conditions found increasing levels of unburnt ammonia with greater aspiration. Moreover, the ignitability of NH4OH was found to improve in simulations substituting diesel with hydrogen peroxide direct injection.

Air quality and waste management analysis of used ayurvedic oil in an off-road twin cylinder tractor engine

ABSTRACT Off-road diesel engines for genset applications, municipal and farming activities are the major contributors to harmful emissions. To address this, the present research reports the use of biodiesel derived from Waste Ayurvedic Oil (WAO) in an off-road twin cylinder compression ignition engine. The methyl ester of WAO was formulated using the ultrasound irradiated transesterification process. The different blends of WAO methyl ester and diesel, say WAO10, WAO15 and WAO20 were prepared and experimented on a Mahindra-Maximo twin cylinder tractor engine in order to analyse its performance, emission and combustion behaviour. As compared to diesel, WAO blends offer increased specific fuel consumption with comparable brake thermal efficiency for WAO10 over all the engine speeds. WAO10, WAO15 and WAO20 diminished CO emissions by 16.12%, 22.58% and 29.03%, HC emission by 19.04%, 42.8% and 61.9% as well as smoke opacity by 14.28%, 28.57% and 42.85% together with amplified NOx emission by 2.73%, 10.95% and 21.5% respectively in comparison with diesel. Therefore, WAO is a cost-effective feedstock for biodiesel synthesis, and its blends could be used as off-road diesel engine substitutes.

Experimental Investigation on the Performance of a CI Engine Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends

In this study, different performance parameters of a Compression Ignition (CI) engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends with diesel in different percentage volumes of 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (W5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (W10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (W15) and 20 % biodiesel and 80 % diesel (W20) were tested experimentally. First, biodiesel was produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process. The physical-chemical properties of biodiesel and W20 were tested. The tested properties of W20 were found to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards near to diesel fuel. Subsequently, test of diesel and biodiesel blended fuels were carried out using 15:1 compression ratio on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine at 1500 rpm on varying loads. The engine performance parameters for biodiesel blends such as Indicated Power (IP), Brake Power (BP), Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) and Mechanical Efficiency (ME) against load in comparison to diesel fuel were obtained and verified those with diesel fuel. IP for diesel, W5, W10, W15 and W20 at load of 12 kg are 4.3 kW, 4.8 kW, 4.7 kW, 4.75 kW and 4.2 kW respectively. ME of W20 at 12 kg load is less by 4.1 % than diesel. The difference in SFC of diesel and W20 at 12 kg load was 0.27 kg/kWh. The experimental outcomes confirm that the IP and SFC of blended biodiesel were slightly superior. Correspondingly, BP and BMEP were also found comparable to diesel fuel.

Performance Characteristics of Pine Oil Mixed Diesel Fueled Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine

In this study, biodiesel from the stem of Pinus roxburghii was prepared by steam distillation process. Consequently, the physical and thermal properties of pine biodiesel (P100), and 20 % pine-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (P20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results confirmed that the thermophysical properties of pine biodiesel and its blend were suitable for the fuel in diesel engine without any modification in the test engine. Eventually, the engine performance and combustion parameters were evaluated for pine-biodiesel blend for 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (P5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (P10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (P15) and P20, and compared with diesel on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine for a compression ratio of 15:1. In the midst of those in different blends evaluated, P15 showed the better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) i.e 18.75 % lower than diesel fuel particularly up to 50 % of the engine load. However, at higher load, decrease rate in BSFC of P15 fuel is lower than engine load up to 50 %. Similarly, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P15 increases to 13.5% mainly on 50 % loading condition of the engine. At above, increment rate of BTE of pine oil biodiesel compared to diesel decreases. The brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of P15 also found nearer to diesel. However, the BP of P15 found higher compared to diesel in all loading conditions. Thus, from the experimental investigations, P15 blend of pine oil biodiesel was found to be amenable for its use in compression ignition (CI) engine without any modification, as the BTE and SFC were found to better and, BP, indicated power (IP) and BMEP were also found nearer to diesel fuel.

Varying Ignition Quality of a Fuel for a HCCI Engine Using a Photochemically-Controlled Additive: The Development of a ‘Smart’ Fuel

This study examines the possibility to provide control over ignition timing in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (HCCI) using a fuel additive whose molecular structure can be adapted upon exposure to UV light. The UV adapted molecule has a greater influence on retarding ignition than the original molecule, hence the ignition time can be modulated upon expose to UV light. The new fuel is referred to as a ‘smart fuel’. The fuel additive is in the form of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), upon UV exposure it undergoes electro-cyclic ring opening to form 1,3,5-hexatriene (HT). Various solutions of iso-octane, n-heptane and CHD have been irradiated by UV light for different amounts of time. CHD to HT conversion was examined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A primary reference fuel (PRF) mixture of 90% iso-octane and 10% n-heptane was used as a baseline in an optically accessible combustion chamber in a large bore, single cylinder compression ignition engine. The engine was operated in HCCI mode, using early injection to provide homogeneous mixture and utilized heated and compressed air intake. Following this a PRF with 5% CHD was used in the engine. A PRF with 5% CHD was then irradiated with UV light for 240 min, resulting in a PRF mixture containing 1.72% HT, this was then used in the engine. The HT containing PRF had a much later start of combustion compared with the CHD containing PRF, which in turn had a later start of combustion compared with the PRF baseline. This study has successfully validated the concept of using a photo-chemical ‘smart’ fuel to significantly change the ignition quality of a fuel in HCCI mode combustion and demonstrated the concept of on-board ‘smart fuel’ applications for ICE.

Effects of Various Alcohol Blends on Performance and Emissions of Small Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel-20% Palm Oil Methyl Ester

As a promising option of in improving alternative fuels, alcohol such as butanol, methanol, and ethanol can be used in diesel engine. However, there is lack of detailed investigation of the effects of variation addition of butanol, methanol, and ethanol with diesel-palm oil methyl ester (B20) on engine performance and emissions release. This study represents to fully evaluate the potential impact of addition butanol, methanol, and ethanol blended with B20 on engine performance and emissions released by single cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine at engine speeds of 2700, 3100, and 3500 rpm under load of 50%. The results of engine performance and emissions of 10ml ethanol, methanol and, butanol each blended with B20 are compared. Experimental results showed that the B20 + 10ml methanol has an advantage over diesel-biodiesel blend in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) which reduces about 10.42% at every different engine speed. Besides, the B20 + 10ml methanol has reduced the emission of Nitrogen Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Hydrocarbon by 27.84%, 14.28%, 5.19%, and 56.25%. In overall, the addition of 10ml methanol on B20 blend shows the most significance result for the engine performance and emissions at all test condition.

WITHDRAWN: Experimental investigation of ethanol blended diesel fuel in single cylinder CI engine

Abstract Ethanol is one among the many available bio-fuel, which is made off natural fermentation of sugar or by products of petrochemicals is widely used as blend with fossil fuels in automotive and power generator engines. Ethanol is having energy of 21.2 MJ/L when compared to diesel and petrol 38.6 MJ/L and 45 MJ/L respectively. Ethanol contains 34% higher oxygen by weight and makes it as a low-cost oxygenator which in turn makes it as valuable player in fuel combustion and emission reduction. The present research work investigates durability and corrosion of a single cylinder compression ignition engine which uses ethanol blend with diesel in 20–80 ratio respectively and named as B20. It is mechanically durable for longer term when compare to the existing Diesel alone model. The present work also explored lubricant quality along with engine performance. A total of eight tests at 12.5 h of running per test at normal speed were carried out and the results showed engine performance remained at the same level for both blended and diesel only fuels, but lubricant was consequently diluted and contaminated due to the blending of Ethanol, these effects are measured in the form of components wear and carbon deposition after the end of experiment (100 Hrs. of test run). Viscosity and contamination tests are used for identifying the presence of carbon and other elements. The wear rate and presence of contamination were increased after each test run, Iron (Fe) presence in wear test showed an increase of 7% per test and sulphate (SO4-2) increased 8.7% per test in contamination. The investigation showed the effectiveness of B20 as a substitute for diesel and provides an interesting research space for refining itself.

Experimental and Theoretical Performance Analysis of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine using Bio Diesel as an Alternate Fuel

In this study the biodiesel derived from different vegetable oil esters (VOE) including Jatropha and Karanja is compared with diesel. The efficiency, emission and combustion properties of different VOE in single cylinder compression ignition engine were compared with Diesel. The main objective of our study is the theoretical and experimental comparison of the efficiency, emission and combustion properties of biodiesel using Jatropha and Karanja esters with diesel. Vegetable oil from Jatropha and Mahua was transesterified and used in a turbocharged engine water-cooled single-cylinder Diesel Engine attached to an ac induction motor with a current of 0 to 5kw. Brake thermal efficiency is decreased by around 1.4 percent for Jatropha, 2.0 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption improved by 0.2 percent for Jatropha and 3.4 percent for Karanja compared to Diesel.