Cyclopean Eye Research Articles

Sighting from the cyclopean eye: the cyclops effect in preschool children.

The behavior of preschoolers in two sighting tasks was observed. In one task, the child was asked to sight a target through a tube, and, in the other, to point to a target. In addition to monocular sighting, the “cyclops effect” was observed; the child positioned the tube or finger in line with the target and a point between the eyes and left it there. Observation of both types of response suggests a developmental shift from central sighting, which reflects the visual direction basis of sighting tasks, to monocular sighting, which reflects the monocular alignment required by the tasks.

The cyclopean eye vs. the sighting-dominant eye as the center of visual direction

In three experiments, competing hypotheses concerning the center of visual direction were examined with the stimuli used in the Card test which requires a subject to position the card with a hole so that a target can be seen. Each experiment used six right- and six left-sighting­ eye subjects. In Experiment 1, the aperture and the target were collinear with the sighting eye. The mean apparent locations of the aperture when the target was fixated, and of the target when the aperture was fixated, were consistent with only the cyclopean-eye hypothesis; that is, the 95% confidence intervals of these means contained the predicted values from the cyclopean­ eye hypothesis but not those from the sighting-eye hypothesis. In Experiment2,subjects moved the card from the side of the nonsighting eye, and in 88% of the trials it was stopped when the nonsighting eye viewed the target. In Experiment 3, the target was viewedthrough theaperture with both the sighting and nonsighting eyein six different stimulus arrangements. The 95% confi­ dence intervals of all 12 mean apparent locations of the targets contained the predicted values from the cyclopean-eye hypothesis but none of those from the sighting-eye hypothesis. These results are compatible with the cyclopean-eye hypothesis, and we therefore conclude that the sighting eye is not the center of visual direction. An important premise in the study of visual direc­ tion is that there is a center or origin for judgments of visual direction. This center point is posited be­

Of Mice and Kids

I cannot remember when I first saw the logo-signature of the CBS Evening News; I have watched it uncritically countless times. In attempting to specify the socio-political and libidinal character of television in the United States at a relatively precise historical moment I find myself finally capable of taking a critical perspective on it. The following sequence appears at the opening and closing of every broadcast. First, a circle appears superimposed on the bustling scene of the CBS newsroom, teletype clattering. The circle is then traversed by a grid of equidistant lines quickly transforming the circle, as if by squeezing, into a sphere which begins to rotate. When viewed against the world map located on the newsroom wall a metonymic transfer allows us to recognize the sphere as the earth, measured and ensnared in a network of longitude and latitude-the abstract inscription of capitalist globalization. Abruptly (the entire sequence happens in a matter of seconds); the sphere begins to shrink as it is enclosed in an elliptical diamond signalling two events: the reduction of the world through media technology, and the entry of our gaze into the televised workshop of history. The second event is completed through our perceptual experience of the logo-signature's recession into the background, literally simulating the shift of our attention from the viewing surface to the depth of the image. As the figure recedes into the background the shrinkage causes the global grids to blur until the entire figure is transformed into an eye which comes to rest at the head of the printed titleThe CBS Evening News. This cyclopean eye, in the context of a daily overview of world events becomes the eye of power. It is the eye of a technologized panopticon, or what I would call supervision. More than just a figure for televised news, the CBS eye is an emblem of the general function of television not only today, but also for television in its early years, specifically in the 1950s. Let it also be said that I invoke it as a figure that assembles in condensed form most of the terms and concerns of the following analysis. Despite the dystopian or paranoid connotations that this connection activates, I do not wish to suggest that media technology poses as a monolithic agency of reaction to be cast off in despair by those interested in alternative cultural forms and emancipatory politics. By briefly laying out the socio-libidinal dynamics of a moment in the history of mass media the extent to which media technology remains a positive context for the generation of alternative cultural forms can be gauged. In order to persistently thematize the dialectic of participation and distance in the reception situation I am placing at the center of this exposition Disney's Mickey Mouse Club Show (MMC) which concretizes my own relation to the historical moment in question. Furthermore, by tracing out of this general context two theoretical positions that take very different stands on the political status of media

Eye movements in Daphnia pulex (De Geer).

1. The various types of eye movement exhibited by the cyclopean eye of Daphnia pulex were studied using high speed motion photography. 2. This rudimentary eye, which consists of only 22 ommatidia, can move through approximately 150 degrees in the sagittal plane and 60 degrees in the horizontal plane. 3. Four classes of eye movement were found: (1) a high speed tremor at 16 Hz with an amplitude of 3-4 degrees, which resembles physiological nystagmus, (2) a slow rhythmic scanning movement at 4 Hz, and 5-6 degrees amplitude, (3) large fast eye movements similar to saccadic eye movements and (4) optokinetic nystagmus produced by moving striped patterns. 4. Where the fast tremor occurred concurrently with the slow rhythmic scan, a Fourier analysis revealed that the former was the fourth harmonic of the latter.

Suplement of Visual Direction from the Cyclopean Eye

Suplement of Visual Direction from the Cyclopean Eye

The Nineteenth Century

B AUDELAIRE'S WORDS about the albatross apply to the nineteenth century: By the spread of his great wings, he is fastened to B the earth. The beginning of the century still tried to struggle with the traction of earth, with convulsive hops, awkward and weighted half-flights; the end of the century already rests motionlessly, covered by the immense marquee of the outsize wings. The calm of despair. The great wings of the nineteenth century: its cognitive powers. The cognitive capacities of the nineteenth century had no correspondence with its will, its character, its moral growth. Like an immense cyclopean eye, the cognitive capacity of the nineteenth century turned to the past and the future. Nothing except sight, empty and rapacious, with a singular passion for devouring any object, any epoch. Derzhavin on the threshold of the nineteenth century scratched on his slate-board a few verses which could serve as the leitmotif of the

Adaptation to sensory-motor conflict produced by the visual direction of the hand specified from the cyclopean eye.

Adaptation to sensory-motor conflict produced by the visual direction of the hand specified from the cyclopean eye.

Visual Direction from the Cyclopean Eye

Visual Direction from the Cyclopean Eye

Cyclopean Eye and Lateral Proboscis with Normal One-Half Face

Cyclopean Eye and Lateral Proboscis with Normal One-Half Face

CYCLOPIA COMPLETA AND ARHINENCEPHALIA COMPLETA WITH UMBILICAL HERNIA IN A FULL TERM CHILD

Recently there came into my hands the case history and excellent photographs of a human monster at term with cyclopia completa, arhinencephalia completa and umbilical hernia. The materials were brought to me by Mr. Daniel B. Levy, a student in the University of Virginia Medical School, who obtained them through the courtesy of Dr. H. M. Digges, of Suffolk, Va., the attending physician. The specimen is of special interest because it was one of those extremely rare monsters in which there is absolutely no trace of a nose, and yet aside from this defect and the presence of the cyclopean eye the face shows only a slight degree of abnormality. Hannover (1882) collected the reports of 103 cases of cyclopia in man which had been published up to that time. 1 Examination of the reference to cyclopia in man in the Quarterly Cumulative Medicus and in the Index Catalogue

Projection of the Negative after Image in the Field of the Closed Lids

In the preceding numbers of this JOURNAL, the writer together with one of his students set forth the results of an investigation on the apparent distance of the negative after-image in the field of the closed eyes. Up to the time of printing, the writers had found no material bearing on the topic save casual references by Fechner and Hering. The fated article which, of course, had a Teutonic existence somewhere, has turned up in v. Graefe's Archiv for 1885 with Dr. G. Mayerhausen as sponsor and as title Ueber die Gr6ssenverhdiltnisse der Nachbilder bei geschlossenen Lidern (Abteilung 2 S. 23-24). The results differ so widely from those published in the JOURNAL as to call either for explanation or discussion or both. Experimenting on himself, Mayerhausen finds that the negative afterimage in the darkened field appears as large as the inducing object when the latter is set at a distance of two meters. In the case of the Stanford observers, three in number, unacquainted with each other's findings, the region of equality lay inside of eighteen centimeters from the cyclopean eye. Mayerhausen's method was as follows: As inducing objects he used four white discs, 1, 2, 4, and 8 cm. in diameter respectively, and developed after-images from them at ten different distances from the eye, beginning with five meters and running down to io cm. When the after-image was at its maximum clearness, he opened his eyes and compared its diameter with the readings of a centimeter scale held in his hand. In this way, he made eighty readings, viz., two for each size after-image at each of the ten distances. The writer humbly submits that this is a less trustworthy procedure than that described in the JOURNAL where the after-image with closed eyes was compared with the image projected on an adjustable screen until a region was found where the two images showed no appreciable difference. Within this region, after-images were induced and their size measured by projecting them on a ruled screen. The equating of the two forms of after-image was almost as accurate as if the images had been actual cardboard disks, successively compared. The estimation of the projected image was harder but nevertheless the size of the mean variation of the readings (from 4% to 10%) for the three observers showed that the judgments were based on actual if rough measurement.

The artificial production of a single median cyclopean eye in the fish embryo by means of sea water solutions of magnesium chlorid

The artificial production of a single median cyclopean eye in the fish embryo by means of sea water solutions of magnesium chlorid