Cyclitic Membrane Research Articles

Histopathologic findings in human eyes after pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy.

Six eyes, four obtained at autopsy and two enucleated for neovascular glaucoma, were studied histopathologically between one week and 3 1/2 years after pars plana vitrectomy (some combined with lensectomy) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fibrovascular proliferation at the sclerotomy site was minimal. Lensectomy through the pars plana proved to be quite complete. A cyclitic membrane was found in eyes with postoperative rubeosis irides. Excision of the vitreous from the posterior part of the vitreous cavity was quite complete except for remnants of stalks and membranes on the retinal surface.

Metastatic endophthalmitis as a complication of meningococcic meningitis.

Metastatic endophthalmitis was observed as a complication in 2 out of 68 patients with meningococcic meningitis during the period from 1952 to 1955. The rarity of its occurrence and the successful outcome of these cases stimulated this report. A review of the literature revealed that the complication of metastatic endophthalmitis occurred in approximately 5% of the cases in epidemics of meningitis before the era of specific serum and antibacterial therapy.* Prior to this era the end-results of endophthalmitis were vitreous abscess, the formation of a cyclitic membrane, retinal detachment, and the eventual loss of the eye in many cases. Since the advent of specific antibacterial therapy, endophthalmitis, as well as meningococcic meningitis, has been markedly reduced. Successful therapy of this complication using local penicillin by ionophoresis and systemic sulfonamide was reported by Dunnington and Krause.† The present report concerns the treatment of two cases of meningococcic endophthalmitis with massive systemic

RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA—AN UNSOLVED PROBLEM

Ever since Terry¹first drew attention in 1942 to the disease entity known as retrolental fibroplasia, increasing numbers of cases have been reported both in this country and abroad. It is now known that the disease occurs in premature infants whose birth weight is usually less than 3 lb. (1,361 gm.), that it manifests itself during the first few days or weeks of life, and that it often leads to partial or complete loss of vision. Essentially a disease of the retina and vitreous, retrolental fibroplasia is characterized in the beginning by dilatation of the retinal vessels and then by retinal and vitreous hemorrhages, exudate, retinal separation, neovascularization, and a cyclitic membrane leading to fibrous organization of fused retina behind the lens. The causative agent is unknown, and no effective therapy has been discovered. In the light of current investigations, anoxia as a cause of retrolental fibroplasia provides an

TREATMENT OF METASTATIC MENINGOCOCCIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS

Ocular complications of cerebrospinal meningitis are less frequent than they were in years past. Prompt use of meningococcic antitoxin and extensive use of sulfonamide compounds have been responsible for the great reduction in the number of complications. The gravest, most important ocular complication is metastatic endophthalmitis, terminating usually in the formation of an abscess in the vitreous, with subsequent organization, in the formation of a cyclitic membrane and frequently in complete retinal detachment. Endophthalmitis occurs in about 5 per cent of all the cases in epidemics. Lazar 1 cited 30 instances in 575 cases, or 5.2 per cent. Bilateral involvement was present in 9 cases in his series. Lewis 2 reported an incidence of 5.7 per cent in 350 cases, with involvement of both eyes in 4 instances. Epidemic meningitis is primarily an infection of the blood stream, with localization in the meninges and other organs occurring secondarily. Dunphy 3

The Genesis of the Cyclitic Membrane

The Genesis of the Cyclitic Membrane

THE WILMER IRIDOCAPSULECTOMY

Occluded pupil can occur with the lens present or by the contraction of the iris following removal of the lens. The first type is most frequently seen as the result of intra-ocular inflammations with the formation of adhesions and cyclitic membranes, which cause occlusion or displacement of the pupil because of the formation of scar tissue and contraction. It also results from a traumatic iritis or cyclitis produced by a perforating injury. The second type is seen comparatively frequently following operations for cataract, especially in cases in which an iridectomy has been performed and the pillars of the iris become caught in the cataract incision. The method of procedure in these two types varies, for if the iris tissue alone is involved, an opening in it can be made by comparatively simple measures. If, however, the partially absorbed lens or a cyclitic membrane is present behind

Pseudoglioma, with Especial Reference to the Type Associated with Remains of the Tunica Vasculosa Lentis

Conditions which may create uncertainty as to the possible presence of retinoblastoma within the age limit characteristic of that intraocular tumor (the first three years of life) include remains of the vascular tunic of the lens, retinal detachment, cyclitic membrane, tuberculous choroiditis and uveitis, metastatic inflammation, and Coats's disease. The differential diagnosis is reviewed. A personal case of remains of the vascular tunic is described, and a similar case from the practice of another surgeon is described and illustrated.

Anterior and Posterior Dialysis of the Retina

In the first case a wound through the ciliary body was followed by formation of a cyclitic membrane, detachment of the retina at the ora serrata, and dislocation of the cataractous lens. In the second case the optic nerve and retina were torn from the nerve head by penetration of a piece of wood. This eye was myopic. From the eye clinic of the Landeskrankenhaus of Graz, Austria; Professor Maximilian Salzmann, director.

Fundus Conditions Requiring Differentiation from Intraocular Tumor: Angiomatosis retinae; retinitis exudativa; angioma of the choroid; vessel communications and aneurysms; tuberculosis of the choroid; cyclitic membranes; hyaloid remains

These various intraocular disorders, which, either in their primary manifestations or after the fundus picture has become obscured by secondary developments, may suggest the existence of intraocular malignancy, are discussed seriatim from the point of view of differential diagnosis and as to their literary history. Some personal cases are reported, historically significant illustrations from the literature are reproduced, and the monograph is supplemented by ample bibliographies under the respective heads. (In addition to the text illustrations, see the colored frontispiece, containing a drawing of the author's case of Hippel's disease and a drawing of a large choroidal tuberculoma.)