Cycle Activation Research Articles

On the Practicability of Deep Learning based Anomaly Detection for Modern Online Software Systems: A Pre-Train-and-Align Framework

Operation and maintenance are critical activities in the whole life cycle of modern online software systems, and anomaly detection is a crucial step of these activities. Recent studies mainly develop deep learning techniques to complete this task. Notably, though these techniques have achieved promising results in experimental evaluations, there are still several practicality gaps for them to be successfully applied in a real-world online system, including the scalability gap, availability gap and alignment gap. To bridge these gaps, we propose an anomaly detection framework, namely ShareAD , based on a pre-train-and-align paradigm. Specifically, we argue that pre-training a shared model for anomaly detection is an effective way to bridge the scalability gap and the availability gap. To support this argument, we systematically study the necessity and feasibility of model sharing for online system maintenance. We further propose a novel model based upon Transformer encoder layers and Base layers, which works well for anomaly detection pre-training. Then, to bridge the alignment gap, we propose ShareAD alignment to align the pre-trained model with operator preference by jointly considering the local observation context and sensitivity of each monitor entity. Extensive experiments on two real-world large-scale datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of ShareAD .

Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VIIC SMPN 3 Sungai Kakap Melalui Model Think Pair Share Berbantuan PowerPoint

This study is motivated by the low activeness of students in class VII C SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Kakap during the science learning process so that it has an impact on student learning outcomes. This study aims to improve the learning activities of VII C grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Kakap on the topic of Indonesian ecology and biodiversity through the application of the Think Pair Share (TPS) model assisted by powerpoint. The type of research used is classroom action research in the form of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. The research procedure went through four stages starting with planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. A total of 32 students of class VII C in the 2023/2024 school year became the research subjects. Data collection was carried out using observation and documentation methods and the instrument used was the student learning activity observation sheet. The results showed that the percentage of students' learning activities in cycle I was 68.75% and in cycle II it was 88.44%. Based on these data, it is concluded that the application of the TPS model assisted by powerpoint can increase the learning activity of students in class VII C SMPN 3 Sungai Kakap, especially in the topic of Indonesian ecology and biodiversity.

Comparing acute versus AIDS ART initiation on HIV-1 integration sites and clonal expansion

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is known to limit the establishment of the HIV reservoir, with studies suggesting benefits such as a reduced number of infected cells and a smaller latent reservoir. However, the long-term impact of early ART initiation on the dynamics of the infected cell pool remains unclear, and clinical evidence directly comparing proviral integration site counts between early and late ART initiation is limited. In this study, we used Linear Target Amplification-PCR (LTA-PCR) and Next Generation Sequencing to compare unique integration site (UIS) clonal counts between individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection stage (Acute-ART group) and those in the AIDS stage (AIDS-ART group). Our analysis revealed distinct clonal distribution patterns, with greater UIS heterogeneity in Acute-ART group and more homogeneity in AIDS-ART group. Monoclonal UIS accumulation, predominantly in-gene regions, was influenced by ART timing and duration, with early treatment delaying this process. Host cell genes integrated by HIV provirus as monoclonal types were enriched in cell cycle and lymphocyte activation pathways. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) were more frequently integrated as monoclonal types in AIDS-ART group, suggesting potential risk factors. Overall, we introduced a sequencing method to assess provirus size in human peripheral blood and identified the widespread presence of monoclonal distribution of UIS in AIDS-ART group after long-term treatment. The early intervention helps slow the progress of clonal expansion of infected cells, reducing the formation of stable and persistent reservoirs, and ultimately posing fewer barriers to achieving a functional cure.

Structure-Stability Relationships in Pt-Alloy Nanoparticles Using Identical-Location Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Unsupervised Machine Learning.

Nanoparticulate electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are structurally diverse materials. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has long been the go-to tool to obtain high-quality information about their nanoscale structure. More recently, its four-dimensional modality has emerged as a tool for a comprehensive crystal structure analysis using large data sets of diffraction patterns. In this study, we track the alternations of the crystal structure of individual carbon-supported PtCu3 nanoparticles before and after fuel cell-relevant activation treatment, consisting of a mild acid-washing protocol and potential cycling, essential for forming an active catalyst. To take full advantage of the rich, identical location 4D-STEM capabilities, unsupervised algorithms were used for the complex data analysis, starting with k-means clustering followed by non-negative matrix factorization, to find commonly occurring signals within specific nanoparticle data. The study revealed domains with (partially) ordered alloy structures, twin boundaries, and local amorphization. After activation, specific nanoparticle surface sites exhibited a loss of crystallinity which can be correlated to the simultaneous local scarcity of the ordered alloy phase, confirming the enhanced stability of the ordered alloy during potential cycling activation conditions. With the capabilities of our in-house developed identical-location 4D-STEM approach to track changes in individual nanoparticles, combined with advanced data analysis, we determine how activation treatment affects the electrocatalysts' local crystal structure. Such an approach provides considerably richer insights and is much more sensitive to minor changes than traditional STEM imaging. This workflow requires little manual input, has a reasonable computational complexity, and is transferrable to other functional nanomaterials.

First-in-human phase I trial of the bispecific CD47 inhibitor and CD40 agonist Fc-fusion protein, SL-172154 in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer

BackgroundSL-172154 is a hexameric fusion protein adjoining the extracellular domain of SIRPα to the extracellular domain of CD40L via an inert IgG4-derived Fc domain. In preclinical studies, a murine equivalent...

Retinoic acid drives hair follicle stem cell activation via Wnt/β-catenin signalling in androgenetic alopecia.

Depletion or permanent quiescence of the hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) pool underlies pathogenesis in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Reactivation of quiescent HFSCs is considered an efficient treatment strategy for hair loss. The retinoic acid (RA) is critical to ensure stem cell homeostasis and function. However, little is known about whether RA regulates HFSC homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the impact of RA on HFSC homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms, in order to provide new potential targets for medical therapies of AGA. Microdissected hair follicles from the occipital and frontal scalp in AGA were obtained for RNA sequencing analysis and test. The C57BL/6 mice model in telogen was established to investigate the effect of exogenous RA. Miniaturized hair follicles from frontal scalp were incubated with or without RA in hair follicle organ culture to test the effects on hair shaft elongation, hair cycling and HFSC activities. A strategy to characterize the effect of RA on HFSC in primary culture was developed to identify novel mechanisms that control HFSC activation. A clinical study was performed to test the efficacy of RA treatment in AGA patients. RA signalling was inhibited in the course of AGA pathogenesis along with HFSC dysfunction. Hair regeneration was retarded in AGA miniaturized hair follicles with RA deficiency, but they tended to recover after treatment with RA. In addition, RA treatment during the telogen phase facilitated HFSC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, RA promoted hair growth by stimulating stem cells via Wnt/β-catenin signalling and accelerating the transition from a dormant to an activated state. Furthermore, a clinical study suggested that RA has obvious advantages in the early intervention of AGA by reactivating HFSCs. Our study provides insights into the reactivation of HFSCs in AGA and provides potential targets for medical therapies.

Functional control of myosin motors in the cardiac cycle.

Contraction of the heart is driven by cyclical interactions between myosin and actin filaments powered by ATP hydrolysis. The modular structure of heart muscle and the organ-level synchrony of the heartbeat ensure tight reciprocal coupling between this myosin ATPase cycle and the macroscopic cardiac cycle. The myosin motors respond to the cyclical activation of the actin and myosin filaments to drive the pressure changes that control the inflow and outflow valves of the heart chambers. Opening and closing of the valves in turn switches the myosin motors between roughly isometric and roughly isotonic contraction modes. Peak filament stress in the heart is much smaller than in fully activated skeletal muscle, although the myosin filaments in the two muscle types have the same number of myosin motors. Calculations indicate that only ~5% of the myosin motors in the heart are needed to generate peak systolic pressure, although many more motors are needed to drive ejection. Tight regulation of the number of active motors is essential for the efficient functioning of the healthy heart - this control is commonly disrupted by gene variants associated with inherited heart disease, and its restoration might be a useful end point in the development of novel therapies.

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS THROUGH TRADITIONAL DANCE ACTIVITIES BANYUWANGI AT PGRI BEDEWANG KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY

This research aims to improve the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through traditional Banyuwangi dance activities. The method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which consists of two cycles, with each cycle involving two meetings. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that at the pre-cycle stage, of the 16 children studied, 13 children were in the not yet developing category, and 3 children were in the beginning to develop category (18.75%). After taking action through Banyuwangi traditional dance activities in cycle I, there was an increase, where 7 children had developed according to expectations (43.75%), while 6 children were still in the starting to develop category, and 3 children were still not developing. In cycle II, a significant increase occurred, with 13 children developing according to expectations and 3 children in the beginning to develop category (81.25%). This research shows that Banyuwangi traditional dance activities are effective in improving the kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Bedewang Kindergarten

Application of Interactive Multimedia Based on Microsoft Power Point to Increase Students' Interest in Learning in Civics Learning in Class VIII B of SMP Negeri 3 Balaesang

This research focuses on the application of interactive multimedia based on Microsoft Power Point to increase students' interest in learning Civics in class VIII B of SMP Negeri 3 Balaesang. The subjects of this research were 25 students from class VIII B who took Civics subjects. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK) which consists of II cycles. The research design follows the research stages which refer to the Kemmis and McTaggart model, namely: (1) planning stage, (2) implementation stage, (3) observation stage, (4) reflection stage. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using observation sheets, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the application of interactive multimedia based on Microsoft PowerPoint can increase students' interest in learning from cycle I to cycle II, namely teacher activity obtained from 50% increased to 83.33% and was included in the very good category. Based on observations of student activities in cycles I and II, it was found that there was an increase, where in cycle I students who got a score of 1 were more dominant than students who got a score of 4, whereas in cycle II there were no more students who got a score of I. There were even several students who got a score. 4.

Improving Student Learning Activities through Brainstorming Learning Method in Civics Class X 7 at Madani Palu Integrated Model State Senior High School

This research aims to increase student learning activities through the Brainstorming learning method in the Civics Class X 7 subject at SMA Negeri Model Terpadu Madani Palu. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK) which consists of II cycles. The research design follows the research stages which refer to the Kemmis and McTaggart model, namely: (1) planning stage, (2) implementation stage, (3) observation stage, (4) reflection stage. The subjects of this research were 30 students in class X 7 who took Civics subjects. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using observation sheets, interviews and documentation. From the results of applying the Brainstorming learning method, the results obtained were able to increase student learning activity from cycle I to cycle II, namely teacher activity was obtained from 50% increasing to 76.66% and was included in the very good category. Based on observations of student activities in cycles I and II, it was found that there had been an increase, initially in cycle I there were still students who got a score of 1 and there were no students who got a score of 4, whereas in cycle II there were no students who got a score of 1 and there were several students who got a score of 1. score 4. And the results of observations of student learning activity indicators in cycle I and cycle II have increased, namely from a percentage of 50% to 100% in the "very good" category.

Structure, Attachment and Transmembrane Internalisation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus

ABSTRACTPeste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a single‐stranded negative‐sense RNA virus with an envelope, belongs to the Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family and is prevalent worldwide. PPRV infection causes fever, stomatitis, diarrhoea, pneumonia, abortion and other symptoms in small ruminants, with a high mortality rate that poses a significant threat to the sustainability and productivity of the small ruminant livestock sector. The PPRV virus particles have a diameter of approximately 400–500 nm and are composed of six structural proteins: nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), envelope matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), haemagglutinin protein (H) and large protein (L). Each protein has a distinct role in the virus's life cycle. Although the life cycle activities of PPRV have been widely reported, they are still limited. Research has demonstrated that PPRV has distinct adhesion factors on various cell surfaces, such as the epithelial cell adhesion factor nectin‐4 or the lymphocyte adhesion factor SLAM. After attaching to the cell, the F and H proteins on the PPRV membrane interact with each other, resulting in a conformational change in the F protein. This change allows the F protein to enter the cell through direct fusion with the host cell membrane. The virus enters the host cell via the outer vesicle endocytosis strategy and replicates and proliferates through the role of caveolin, actin, dynein and cholesterol on the host cell membrane. This review summarises the viral structure, attachment mechanism and transmembrane internalisation mechanism of PPRV. The aim of this review is to provide theoretical support for the development of PPRV inhibitors and the prevention and control of PPR.

Environmental risk assessment of the surface sediments based on trace elements analysis from the largest freshwater lake in the southern slope of the Himalaya, Nepal.

Freshwater ecosystems, including high-altitude lakes, can be affected by trace metal pollution derived from a mix of natural sources and anthropogenic activities. These pollutants often collect in surface sediments, with notable concentrations in the deeper areas of lakes. To evaluate the environmental risk associated with metal contaminated sediment in Rara Lake, southern Himalaya, surface sediment samples were systematically collected in November 2018, with a subsequent specific emphasis on determinations of trace element concentrations. Subsequent analysis revealed nine elements exhibiting a descending mean concentrations order: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > chromium (Cr) > rubidium (Rb) > nickel (Ni) > strontium (Sr) > cobalt (Co) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd), of 7205.55mgkg-1, 2290.34mgkg-1, 176.29mgkg-1, 153.78mgkg-1, 51.86mgkg-1, 44.61mgkg-1, 38.89mgkg-1, 29.11mgkg-1, and 0.10mgkg-1, respectively. Comparisons to sediment quality guidelines highlight that Mn, Cr, Cu, and Cd as significant threats to the aquatic ecosystem in Rara Lake. To assess the impact of metal pollution, enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and contamination factor (CF) were computed. All metals (except Cd) had Igeo value exceeding 5, displaying strong contamination. EF values for Mn, Cr, Co, and Ni metals were > 10, indicating severe effects of anthropogenic influences. CF and PLI values also indicated significant pollution for most of the investigated sites. Elevated trace element concentrations have the potential to adversely affect water, sediment, and aquatic life, also potentially impacting nutrient cycling and microbial activity. This study enhances our understanding of the metal compositions within Rara Lake sediments and provides a basis for more effective lake management and pollution control strategies. Urgent action by regional governing bodies is crucial to address the early stages of metals pollution, including identification and controlling of pollution sources, by appropriate regulations, optimizing industrial practices, and remediating existing pollution to prevent further contamination and protect the lake ecosystem.

Validation of dosimetry programs (Olinda & IDAC) for evaluation of absorbed dose in 177LuPSMA therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using Monte Carlo simulation

PurposeClinical trials have yielded promising results for 177Lutetium Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (177Lu-PSMA) therapy in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, the development of precise methods for internal dosimetry and accurate dose estimation has been considered ongoing research. This study aimed to calculate the absorbed dose to the critical organs and metastasis regions using GATE 9.0 Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) as a gold standard to compare the OLINDA 1.1 and IDAC 2.1 software.Material and MethodsThis study investigated absorbed doses to different organs in 9 mCRPC patients during their first treatment cycle. Whole-body planar images were acquired at 1 ± 0.5, 4 ± 0.5, 24 ± 2, 48 ± 2, 72 ± 2, and 144 ± 2 h post-injection, with SPECT/CT images obtained at 24 ± 2 h. Absorbed doses were calculated for five organs and the entire metastasis regions using GATE, OLINDA, and IDAC platforms. The spherical method was used to determine and compare the absorbed doses in metastatic regions and undefined organs in OLINDA and IDAC Phantom.ResultsThe organ-absorbed dose calculations produced by GATE were consistent with those obtained from OLINDA and IDAC. The average percentage differences in absorbed dose for all organs between Monte Carlo calculations and the estimated from IDAC and OLINDA were -0.24 ± 2.14% and 5.16 ± 5.66%, respectively. There was a significant difference between GATE and both IDAC (17.55 ± 29.1%) and OLINDA (25.86 ± 18.04%) in determining absorbed doses to metastatic areas using the spherical model.ConclusionThe absorbed dose of organs in the first treatment cycle remained below tolerable limits. However, cumulative absorbed doses should be considered for the administered activities in the next cycles of treatment. While Monte Carlo, IDAC, and OLINDA results were aligned for organ dose calculations, patient-specific dosimetry may be necessary due to anatomical and functional changes. Accurate dose estimation for undefined organs and metastatic regions using the spherical model is significantly influenced by tissue density, highlighting the value of CT imaging.

Chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct thermogenic mechanisms in brown and white adipose tissue and improves systemic metabolism in aged mice.

Adipose thermogenesis has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for improving metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, its applicability to middle-aged and older populations, which bear the highest obesity prevalence in the United States (approximately 40%), remains uncertain due to age-related decline in thermogenic responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic thermogenic stimulation using the β3-adrenergic (AR) agonist CL316,243 (CL) on systemic metabolism and adipose function in aged (18-month-old) C57BL/6JN mice. Sustained β3-AR treatment resulted in reduced fat mass, increased energy expenditure, increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in adipose depots, improved glucose homeostasis, and a favorable adipokine profile. At the cellular level, CL treatment increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, CL treatment increased glycerol and lipid de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and turnover suggesting the activation of the futile substrate cycle of lipolysis and reesterification in a UCP1-independent manner. Increased lipid turnover was also associated with the simultaneous upregulation of proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and reesterification in WAT. Further, a dose-dependent impact of CL treatment on inflammation was observed, particularly in subcutaneous WAT, suggesting a potential mismatch between fatty acid supply and oxidation. These findings indicate that chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct cellular mechanisms that increase energy expenditure in BAT and WAT to improve systemic metabolism in aged mice. Considering that people lose BAT with aging, activation of futile lipid cycling in WAT presents a novel strategy for improving age-related metabolic dysfunction.

Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling Regulates Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma.

Metabolic adaptations in response to changes in energy supply and demand are essential for survival. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter plays a key role in coordinating metabolic homeostasis by regulating TCA cycle activation, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and cellular calcium signaling. However, a comprehensive analysis of uniporter-regulated mitochondrial pathways has remained unexplored. Here, we investigate metabolic consequences of uniporter loss- and gain-of-function using uniporter knockout cells and the liver cancer fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), which we demonstrate to have elevated mitochondrial calcium levels. Our results reveal that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and the urea cycle are uniporter-regulated metabolic pathways. Reduced uniporter function boosts expression of BCAA catabolism genes, and the urea cycle enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). In contrast, high uniporter activity in FLC suppresses their expression. This suppression is mediated by reduced expression of the transcription factor KLF15, a master regulator of liver metabolism. Thus, uniporter responsive calcium signaling plays a central role in FLC-associated metabolic changes, including hyperammonemia. Our study identifies an important role for mitochondrial calcium signaling in metabolic adaptation through transcriptional regulation of metabolism and elucidates its importance for BCAA and ammonia metabolism in FLC.

Modeling, Assessment, and Prediction of Carbon Storage in Hebei–Tianjin Coastal Wetlands

The role of carbon storage in coastal wetlands is crucial to the global carbon cycle and human production activities. An accurate quantitative assessment and understanding of its spatial distribution are essential for informed decision-making on sustainable development goals. This study focuses on the wetlands in the coastal zones of Hebei and Tianjin. It develops a comprehensive assessment model that spans a long time series, covering the past, present, and future, aiming to provide insights into the intrinsic linkages between coastal wetland types and carbon storage, as well as projected future trends under three different scenarios. The results of the study demonstrate the following: (1) between 1990 and 2020, the area of coastal wetlands in Hebei and Tianjin decreased by 365.63 km2, resulting in a loss of 5.15 Tg of carbon storage, which represents approximately 20.82% of the total carbon storage; (2) temperature, precipitation, and the intensity of human activities are key factors influencing carbon storage in coastal wetlands; (3) carbon storage in the coastal wetlands of Hebei and Tianjin is primarily composed of natural wetlands, which account for 59.62% to 60.69% of the total carbon storage, and this ratio is not expected to change significantly in the future; (4) under WRS, carbon storage in the Hebei–Tianjin coastal wetlands is projected to increase, reaching 19.76 Tg by 2050—an increase of 0.21 Tg compared to 2020. This growth trend in carbon storage is significantly better than under the natural and EPS scenarios and aligns more closely with dual-carbon goals. This study not only provides managers with valuable insights into land use and urban development planning but also highlights the positive role of WRS in contributing to the growth of carbon storage in coastal wetlands.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini (4-5 Tahun) Melalui Metode Cakap

The development of language skills in early childhood often encounters a range of obstacles. This occurs because early childhood education frequently employs conventional teaching methods that do not sufficiently engage the children’s needs in active language use. Thus, it is necessary to develop the methods adapting to the children's needs to improve language skills in early childhood, namely the conversation method. This research aims to explain the language skills of early childhood before and after the conversation method is applied. The research design is called Classroom Action Research (CAR). In this research, there we four stages include: 1) determining the population and sample, 2) data and sources of data, 3) data collection techniques, 4) data analysis techniques. The research results show that there is an improvement in children's language skills after implementing the conversation method. This can be seen from the results of observations of teacher activities in cycle I and cycle II which have increased, from an average value of 67.40% to 83.94%. The results of observations of children's activities in cycle I and cycle II also increased, from an average value of 56.62% to 78.45%.

Synergistic interplay of Z-type CuNb2O6/KCNNT heterojunction and molecular oxygen accelerated Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycle in visible light photocatalytic-Fenton-like reaction for efficient bacteria removal

Global clean water shortages, exacerbated by microbial contamination, pose significant challenges. Traditional disinfection methods have limitations, creating demand for cost-effective and sustainable alternatives. This study presents a novel heterogeneous photocatalytic-Fenton-like disinfection system (CNO/KCNNT/H2O2/Vis/Air) that leverages a Z-type heterojunction catalyst composed of CuNb2O6 (CNO) and potassium-doped carbon nitride nanotubes (KCNNT). The design facilitates efficient charge carrier transfer and separation, enhancing Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycling and H2O2 activation to generate reactive oxygen species (·OH and ·O2–), which enable rapid and effective disinfection. When exposed to visible light, the system achieved a notable 7-log reduction of Acinetobacter baumannii within 15 min, with a kinetic rate constant of 1.73 min−1, demonstrating a 4.1-fold and 4.8-fold enhancement over KCNNT (0.42 min−1) and CuNb2O6 (0.36 min−1), respectively. Air bubbling provided sufficient dissolved oxygen, with CuNb2O6 and KCNNT exhibiting effective adsorption for H2O2 and O2, respectively. KCNNT favors O2 activation to produce ·O2–, which efficiently accelerates Cu valence cycling and H2O2 activation. Mechanistic insights into ROS generation and activity were elucidated through quenching experiments, EPR analysis, ROS quantification, DFT calculations, and XPS. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, reusability, and resistance to interference from coexisting ions in repeated experiments. This work advances the understanding of Cu-based semiconductor photocatalytic-Fenton-like systems, providing a promising approach for sustainable water disinfection.

The Effect of Perceived Groove in Music on Effective Brain Connectivity during Cycling: An F-NIRS Study.

Perceived groove, a complex and integrated musical characteristic, is considered a core factor in inducing synchronization between movement and music. This study aimed to employ functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the effective connectivity (EC) changes among brain regions during cycling activities under different perceived groove conditions. In a randomized crossover design, 18 university students performed 3-min cycling tasks under high (HG) and low (LG) perceived groove music conditions. Revolutions per minute (RPM), coefficient of variation of pedaling cadence (CVPC), and sensorimotor coupling index (SMCI) were measured. Granger causality analyses were performed on the fNIRS data from the cycling task to obtain EC matrices at the brain region and channel (Ch) levels. The RPM was significantly higher, and CVPC and SMCI were significantly lower in HG than in LG. The EC values of the Brodmann Area (BA) 8→the left prefrontal cortex (lPFC), the superior portion of BA 6 (BA 6_Sup)→lPFC, and BA 1-3→lPFC were significantly higher in HG than in LG. Channel analyses indicated that the EC values of Ch 14→Ch 9, Ch 41→Ch 9, Ch 14→Ch 10, Ch 41→Ch 10, Ch 31→Ch 10, and Ch 35→Ch 23 were significantly higher in HG than in LG. Correlation analysis revealed that the EC values of the channels included in BA 6_Sup→lPFC were significantly correlated with cycling performance metrics. The EC changes from BA 6_Sup to lPFC may play a critical role in the process through which perceived groove affects the synchronization of cycling to music.

Response of soil biochemical properties and ecosystem function to microplastics pollution

Microplastics (MPs)-induced changes in soil nutrient cycling and microbial activity may pose a potential risk to soil ecosystem. Although some studies have explored these topics, there is still a large space for exploration and a relative lack of research on the mechanism by which soil health and its functions are affected by these changes. Thus, this study investigated the effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs with two particle sizes (13 μm and 130 μm) at five concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, 6% and 10%, w/w) on soil biochemical properties and ecosystem function. The findings revealed that the exposure to 13 μm MPs significantly reduced soil respiration (Res) rate, β-glucosidase (Glu) and catalase (CAT) activity, which accompanied with enhanced urease activity and decreased soil pH, available phosphorus (AP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available potassium (AK) content in most cases. However, 130 μm MPs exerted negligible influence on the DOC and DRP content, Glu and CAT activity. High concentrations of 130 μm MPs significantly reduced soil pH, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), AP and AK content, but significantly increased soil Res rate. Overall, soil ecosystem function was significantly reduced by the addition of MPs. The Res rate, soil AP and DRP content and Glu activity were the most important predictors of soil ecosystem function. We found that the risk posed by MPs to soil ecosystem function was dose-dependent and size-dependent. These findings underscore that MPs can alter soil functions related to soil nutrient cycling and provide further insights into MPs behavior in agroecosystems.