Cycle Activation Research Articles

Combination of tea catechins and ornithine effectively activates the urea cycle: an in vitro and human pilot study.

Accumulation of ammonia causes central and peripheral fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of tea catechins and low-dose ornithine in activating the urea cycle to reduce blood ammonia levels during exercise. We used hepatocyte-like cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to assess the effect of tea catechins combined with ornithine on urea cycle activity. The urea production and expression of key genes involved in the metabolism of urea were investigated. We then examined the synergistic improvement in ammonia metabolism by tea catechins in combination with ornithine in a human pilot study. Tea catechins combined with ornithine increased urea cycle activity in hepatocyte-like cells derived from human iPS cells. Intake of 538.6mg of tea catechins with 1592mg of ornithine for 2 consecutive days during exercise loading suppressed the exercise-induced increase in the blood ammonia concentration as well as stabilized blood glucose levels. Controlling the levels of ammonia, a toxic waste produced in the body, is important in a variety of situations, including exercise. The present study suggests that a heterogeneous combination of polyphenols and amino acids efficiently suppresses elevated ammonia during exercise in humans by a mechanism that includes urea cycle activation. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (No. UMIN000035484, dated January 8, 2019).

Glial reactivity and T cell infiltration in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau (FTLD-tau) is a group of tauopathies that underlie ∼50% of FTLD cases. Identification of genetic risk variants related to innate/adaptive immunity have highlighted a role for neuroinflammation and neuroimmune interactions in FTLD. Studies have shown microglial and astrocyte activation together with T cell infiltration in the brain of THY-Tau22 tauopathy mice. However, this remains to be confirmed in FTLD-tau patients. We conducted a detailed post-mortem study of FTLD-tau cases including 45 progressive supranuclear palsy with clinical frontotemporal dementia, 33 Pick's disease, 12 FTLD-MAPT and 52 control brains to characterize the link between phosphorylated tau (pTau) epitopes and the innate and adaptive immunity. Tau pathology was assessed in the cerebral cortex using antibodies directed against: Tau-2 (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated tau), AT8 (pSer202/pThr205), AT100 (pThr212/pSer214), CP13 (pSer202), PHF1 (pSer396/pSer404), pThr181 and pSer356. The immunophenotypes of microglia and astrocytes were assessed with phenotypic markers (Iba1, CD68, HLA-DR, CD64, CD32a, CD16 for microglia and GFAP, EAAT2, glutamine synthetase and ALDH1L1 for astrocytes). The adaptive immune response was explored via CD4+ and CD8+ T cell quantification and the neuroinflammatory environment was investigated via the expression of 30 inflammatory-related proteins using V-Plex Meso Scale Discovery. As expected, all pTau markers were increased in FTLD-tau cases compared to controls. pSer356 expression was greatest in FTLD-MAPT cases versus controls (P < 0.0001), whereas the expression of other markers was highest in Pick's disease. Progressive supranuclear palsy with frontotemporal dementia consistently had a lower pTau protein load compared to Pick's disease across tau epitopes. The only microglial marker increased in FTLD-tau was CD16 (P = 0.0292) and specifically in FTLD-MAPT cases (P = 0.0150). However, several associations were detected between pTau epitopes and microglia, supporting an interplay between them. GFAP expression was increased in FTLD-tau (P = 0.0345) with the highest expression in Pick's disease (P = 0.0019), while ALDH1L1 was unchanged. Markers of astrocyte glutamate cycling function were reduced in FTLD-tau (P = 0.0075; Pick's disease: P < 0.0400) implying astrocyte reactivity associated with a decreased glutamate cycling activity, which was further associated with pTau expression. Of the inflammatory proteins assessed in the brain, five chemokines were upregulated in Pick's disease cases (P < 0.0400), consistent with the recruitment of CD4+ (P = 0.0109) and CD8+ (P = 0.0014) T cells. Of note, the CD8+ T cell infiltration was associated with pTau epitopes and microglial and astrocytic markers. Our results highlight that FTLD-tau is associated with astrocyte reactivity, remarkably little activation of microglia, but involvement of adaptive immunity in the form of chemokine-driven recruitment of T lymphocytes.

A comparative study on silicon-based negatrode materials in metallic cavity electrode and button half cell — Uncovering unseen microscopic and dynamic features

The electrochemical characterization of lithium storage materials using the button cell is commonplace, but it is also tedious and time-consuming. Also, the results are often affected by the use of the binders and separator membranes, and by the electrode forming and cell assembly methods. To study the changes in materials before and after dis-/charging, one has to break up the button cell and disturb the packing structure of electrode. In this work, the metallic cavity electrode made of copper (Cu-MCE) was used to study silicon-based negative electrode (negatrode) materials during electrochemical de-/lithiation. The initial apparent reaction area (i.e. the contacting area between the Cu substrate and the active materials, 0.785 mm2) of the Cu-MCE was much smaller than that of the half-button cell (153.86 mm2), reducing significantly the overall current and hence polarization in the Cu-MCE. Powders of commercial silicon and phosphorus-doped silicon (P-doped Si) were tested in the Cu-MCE and a conventional button cell. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) recorded using the Cu-MCE showed full activation in the first cycle, unlike the button cell whose CVs expanded continuously beyond 5 cycles. Current peaks on the CVs of the Cu-MCE agreed with the expected redox reactions but were more pronounced. The subtle differences between P-doped Si and pure Si could also be revealed by the Cu-MCE with the current peaks becoming more obvious, apparently due to modification in material structures and improved ion transport dynamics. The peak currents on the CVs of the Cu-MCE were plotted against the square root of scan rate (v1/2), showing non-linearity for the two oxidation peaks at 0.35 and 0.54 V, indicating both diffusion and surface of the delithiation processes. Linear plots were obtained for the two reduction peaks at 0.165 and 0.245 V with comparable slopes (−0.024 and 0.029 mA mV−1/2 s1/2), confirming diffusion control with insignificant polarization. However, similar analyses of the button cell revealed diffusion control in both oxidation and reduction, indicating slower dynamics with large polarization to delithiation. More importantly, the Cu-MCE can be inspected directly after dis-/charging without any disturbance, and provides unseen variation in the packing structure, particle morphology, and elemental information of the active materials. It is hoped that the higher accuracy, better details, and greater efficiency offered by the Cu-MCE for studying the intrinsic electrode reaction characteristics of Si-based electrode materials can be extended to other powdery materials for charge storage.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas VIII UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli

This research was motivated by the results of a preliminary study by researchers at SMP Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli, especially in Class VIII, it was found that the science learning process tends to utilize conventional learning models, student learning activities are lacking and the average score of student learning outcomes in the midterm exams is still in the low category. This study aims to describe the science learning process by applying the problem-solving learning model, describing student learning activities by applying the problem-solving learning model and describing student learning outcomes by applying the problem-solving learning model. The results showed: 1) The science learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli in the 2022/2023 academic year by applying the Problem-Solving learning model in cycle I was 49.5% in the pretty good category and in cycle II it was 87% in the very good category. 2) student learning activities in cycle I obtained a percentage of 51.5% with the category quite active and in cycle II obtained a percentage of 89% with very active criteria. 3) Student learning outcomes in cycle I have an average value of 68.02 in the good category and a completeness percentage of 53%. In cycle II, student learning outcomes have an average score of 81.83 in the good category and a completeness percentage of 87%. Thus, the Problem-Solving learning model can improve student learning outcomes.

Regulation of early seedling establishment and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by light and carbohydrates

Main conclusionRoot development is regulated by sucrose and light during early seedling establishment through changes in the auxin response and chromatin topology.Light is a key environmental signal that regulates plant growth and development. The impact of light on development is primarily analyzed in the above-ground tissues, but little is known about the mechanisms by which light shapes the architecture of underground roots. Our study shows that carbohydrate starvation during skotomorphogenesis is accompanied by compaction of nuclei in the root apical meristem, which prevents cell cycle progression and leads to irreversible root differentiation in the absence of external carbohydrates, as evidenced by the lack of DNA replication and increased numbers of nuclei with specific chromatin characteristics. In these conditions, induction of photomorphogenesis was unable to restore seedling growth, as overall root growth was compromised. The addition of carbohydrates, either locally or systemically by transferring seedlings to sugar-containing medium, led to the induction of adventitious root formation with rapid recovery of seedling growth. Conversely, transferring in vitro carbohydrate-grown seedlings from light to dark transiently promoted cell elongation and significantly reduced root meristem size, but did not primarily affect cell cycle kinetics. We show that, in the presence of sucrose, dark incubation does not affect zonation in the root apical meristem but leads to shortening of the proliferative and transition zones. Sugar starvation led to a rapid increase in lysine demethylation of histone H3 at position K9, which preceded a rapid decline in cell cycle activity and activation of cell differentiation. In conclusion, carbohydrates are required for cell cycle activity, epigenetics reprogramming and for postmitotic cell elongation and auxin-regulated response in the root apical meristem.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of New N,N'-Diarylthiourea Derivative against Breast Cancer Cells.

The goal of the current study was to prepare two new homologous series of N,N'-diarylurea and N,N'-diarylthiourea derivatives to investigate the therapeutic effects of these derivatives on the methodologies of inhibition directed on human MCF-7 cancer cells. The molecular structures of the prepared derivatives were successfully revealed through elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic results showed that Diarylthiourea (compound 4) was the most effective in suppressing MCF-7 cell growth when compared to all other prepared derivatives, with the most effective IC50 value (338.33 ± 1.52 µM) after an incubation period of 24 h and no cytotoxic effects on normal human lung cells (wi38 cells). Using the annexin V/PI and comet tests, respectively, treated MCF-7 cells with this IC50 value of the Diarylthiourea 4 compound displayed a considerable increase in early and late apoptotic cells, as well as an intense comet nucleus in comparison to control cells. An arrest of the cell cycle in the S phase was observed via flow cytometry in MCF-7 cells treated with the Diarylthiourea 4 compound, suggesting the onset of apoptosis. Additionally, ELISA research showed that caspase-3 was upregulated in MCF-7 cells treated with compound 4 compared to control cells, suggesting that DNA damage induced by compound 4 may initiate an intrinsic apoptotic pathway and activate caspase-3. These results contributed to recognizing that the successfully prepared Diarylthiourea 4 compound inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells by arresting the S cell cycle and caspase-3 activation via an intrinsic apoptotic route. These results, however, need to be verified through in vivo studies utilizing an animal model.

MENTORVERSE: The Development and Assessment of a Cross-Platform Mentor Finder Using React JS and MongoDB

The purpose of this study was to investigate the design, development, and assessment of a cross-platform application called Mentorverse. The system was developed using React JS and MongoDB. The study aimed to describe the activities of the system development life cycle (SDLC). Additionally, it sought to determine the assessments made by Information Technology (IT) experts and end-users based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 25010. A developmental research design was employed, involving IT experts and end-users. The results indicated that the SDLC was an efficient and effective method for designing the system. Moreover, the system fulfilled its intended functions according to the assessment made by IT experts. It also met the quality of use standards for software from the perspectives of the end-users. In conclusion, Mentorverse was successfully developed using a software development model and received positive assessments regarding its technical qualities from IT experts and its usability from college students and professors as end-users. The findings demonstrated the system's potential benefits, as it performed well in terms of technical aspects and usability. The researchers recommended utilizing the system to enhance learning outcomes and improve the skills and expertise of both mentees and mentors. They also suggested employing it as a strategy to enhance students’ skills. Additionally, future research related to this study should consider the findings presented here as a guiding reference.

Penerapan Metode Project Based Learning pada Mata Kuliah Teknologi Pengelasan Logam di Jurusan Teknik Mesin FT-UNP

Learning as a learning process built by lecturers to develop creative thinking that can improve students' thinking skills. Project-based learning is a teaching and learning strategy that involves students to work on a project that is useful for solving community or environmental problems. The type of research used is research in the form of classroom action research. However, according to researchers, classroom teaching is not only in a room, but a group of students who are learning. This classroom action research can be done not only in the classroom, but anywhere, as long as there is a group of students who are learning. This study aims to see the results of the application of Project-based learning in Welding Technology Subjects with 29 students of the Department of Mechanical Engineering FT-UNP. The aspects seen in the observation results are visual, oral, listening, writing, monotoric, mental, emotional activities. Aspects seen in student learning outcomes include: project worksheets and assessment sheets. The results of the recapitulation of observation of activeness in Cycle I averaged 60.16% and the percentage of activeness in Cycle II averaged 80.56%. The overall average liveliness between cycles is 70.4% and learning outcomes are 79.65%. Based on the results of classroom action research that has been carried out in 2 (two) cycles in this study, it can be concluded that the application of the project-based learning model can improve learning activeness and learning outcomes of Welding Technology courses of Mechanical Engineering Department Students FT-UNP.

BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CYCLING BEHAVIOUR IN PUTRAJAYA

Cycling as a mode of transport has been identified as one of the solutions to traffic congestion, high carbon emission, and health issues in both urban and residential areas. Lately, cycling is growing in popularity among residents, and many are involved in cycling activities for various personal reasons: now, bicycle is not only for transport, but it is also used for sports’ training, exercise, and recreation. This cycling trend offers multiple benefits, and to help increase the momentum, some forms of intervention should take place. Two intervention factors that contribute to cycling behaviours are the built environment and social factor. Thus, this study seeks to explore the built environment and social factors that influence cycling behaviour in Putrajaya area. The respondents were selected among cyclists in Putrajaya using snowball and convenience sampling procedures. Through the use of descriptive analysis and after finalising the suitable variables by Factor Analysis, the finding reveals the suitable and reliable factors for future intervention. The implications and recommendations from this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge on cycling behaviour.

Long non-coding RNA AC099850.4 correlates with advanced disease state and predicts worse prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Our understanding of the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in health and disease states has evolved over the past decades due to the many advances in genome research. In the current study, we characterized the lncRNA transcriptome enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, n = 42) and estrogen receptor (ER+, n = 42) breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue (n = 56). Given the aggressive nature of TNBC, our data revealed selective enrichment of 57 lncRNAs in TNBC. Among those, AC099850.4 lncRNA was chosen for further investigation where it exhibited elevated expression, which was further confirmed in a second TNBC cohort (n = 360) where its expression correlated with a worse prognosis. Network analysis of AC099850.4high TNBC highlighted enrichment in functional categories indicative of cell cycle activation and mitosis. Ingenuity pathway analysis on the differentially expressed genes in AC099850.4high TNBC revealed the activation of the canonical kinetochore metaphase signaling pathway, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage pathway, and salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides. Additionally, upstream regulator analysis predicted the activation of several upstream regulator networks including CKAP2L, FOXM1, RABL6, PCLAF, and MITF, while upstream regulator networks of TP53, NUPR1, TRPS1, and CDKN1A were suppressed. Interestingly, elevated expression of AC099850.4 correlated with worse short-term relapse-free survival (log-rank p = 0.01). Taken together, our data are the first to reveal AC099850.4 as an unfavorable prognostic marker in TNBC, associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features, and suggest its potential utilization as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in TNBC.

Improving Teachers' Teaching Abilities Through Supervision Activities Using Group Techniques and Visits Class at SMAN 1 Sigi

Supervision is a coaching activity that is planned to help teachers and other school employees carry out their work effectively. Therefore, the aim of this research is to improve teachers' teaching abilities through supervision activities using group techniques and class visits at SMN 1 Sigi. The research method used was school action research (PTS) with research subjects consisting of 6 subject teachers. The data collection techniques used are observation and documentation with data analysis techniques using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the research showed that the implementation of principal supervision using group techniques and approaches supported by supervision of class visits was declared successful and completed in the second cycle because all indicators of success had been met in the implementation of the second cycle activities

Working at the limit: a review of thermodynamics and optimality of the Earth system

Abstract. Optimality concepts related to energy and entropy have long been proposed to govern Earth system processes, for instance in the form of propositions that certain processes maximize or minimize entropy production. These concepts, however, remain quite obscure, seem contradictory to each other, and have so far been mostly disregarded. This review aims to clarify the role of thermodynamics and optimality in Earth system science by showing that they play a central role in how, and how much, work can be derived from solar forcing and that this imposes a major constraint on the dynamics of dissipative structures of the Earth system. This is, however, not as simple as it may sound. It requires a consistent formulation of Earth system processes in thermodynamic terms, including their linkages and interactions. Thermodynamics then constrains the ability of the Earth system to derive work and generate free energy from solar radiative forcing, which limits the ability to maintain motion, mass transport, geochemical cycling, and biotic activity. It thus limits directly the generation of atmospheric motion and other processes indirectly through their need for transport. I demonstrate the application of this thermodynamic Earth system view by deriving first-order estimates associated with atmospheric motion, hydrologic cycling, and terrestrial productivity that agree very well with observations. This supports the notion that the emergent simplicity and predictability inherent in observed climatological variations can be attributed to these processes working as hard as they can, reflecting thermodynamic limits directly or indirectly. I discuss how this thermodynamic interpretation is consistent with established theoretical concepts in the respective disciplines, interpret other optimality concepts in light of this thermodynamic Earth system view, and describe its utility for Earth system science.

A novel small molecule inhibitor of p38⍺ MAP kinase augments cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in response to direct cell cycle stimulation.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality globally due in part to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to regenerate. Recently, we demonstrated that overexpression of four-cell cycle factors, CDK1, CDK4, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 (4F), induced cell division in ~20% of the post-mitotic CMs overexpressed 4F. The current study aims to identify a small molecule that augments 4F-induced CM cycle induction. Screening of small molecules with a potential to augment 4F-induced cell-cycle induction in 60-day-old mature human induced pluripotent cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) revealed N-(4,6-Dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridine-4-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide (NDPPC), which activates cell cycle progression in 4F-transduced hiPS-CMs. Autodock tool and Autodock vina computational methods showed that NDPPC has a potential interaction with the binding site at the human p38⍺ mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38⍺ MAP kinase), a critical negative regulator of the mammalian cell cycle. A p38 MAP kinase activity assay showed that NDPPC inhibits p38⍺ with 5-10 times lower IC50 compared to the other P38 isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of p38⍺ MAP kinase in CMs inhibited 4F cell cycle induction, and treatment with NDPPC reversed the cell cycle inhibitory effect. NDPPC is a novel inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase and is a promising drug to augment CM cell cycle response to the 4F. NDPPC could become an adjunct treatment with other cell cycle activators for heart failure treatment.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Melalui Metode Problem Based Learning Pada Fase E Peserta Didik Kelas X SMK St. Louis Surabaya Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

This research is motivated by the lack of critical thinking skills of students during learning activities. This research was conducted using the Problem Based Learning model. The aim of this study is to improve the critical thinking skills of students with the Problem Based Learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research, the research process was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of the study were students of class X TAV SMK St. Louis Surabaya, with a total of 17 students. Data collection techniques in this study use observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques use comparative descriptive techniques by comparing data in cycle I and cycle II data. In conclusion, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model in the learning process has been proven to improve students' critical thinking competencies and learning achievements. Based on the results of observations in learning activities in cycle 1 and cycle 2, students' critical thinking skills have increased in number of students who have reached the category developing as expected and highly developed as many as 3 people where in cycle 1 there were 14 people and in cycle 2 became 17 people. The results of the formative test conducted also showed an increase in the average class score of 16.47 where in the formative test in cycle 1 the average class score was 63.53 and in cycle 2 the average class score became 80.

Li-S Solid State Pouch Cell with Flexible SSE

An all-solid-state Li battery (ASSLB) is believed to be one of the most promising candidates to achieve high energy density of 500 Wh kg–1.After extensive exploration, several sulfide solid electrolytes have been synthesized with ionic conductivities in the order of 10–3 S cm–1 or even higher[1, 2]. With the successful development of various SSE materials, the major obstacle remaining is to demonstrate high energy density at a cell or battery level. Pelleting, dry processing, slurry coating, extrusion, and embedding into template have been explored for the manufacture of an SSE[3]. Despite the high energy density at the material-level and the electrode-level, the cell-level energy density of pellet format was still rather unsatisfactory (<50 Wh kg-1), which was mainly due to the thick SSE pellet (0.5–1 mm). Besides, the pelletizing process itself can only be limited to lab-scale research due to its high cost and poor practicability.To boost cell-level energy density and render the mass production feasible, sheet-type cells with a thin SSE and a thick cathode have been recognized as a “must-develop” technology within the battery community. Dry processing of SSE and electrode was developed using sulfur carbon as the cathode and sulfide Li6PS5Cl as the electrolyte. A small amount of PTFE (0.75% in SSE and 1% in cathode) was applied as the binder. After grinding and rolling at 80 oC, the sheet-type cathode (2*3.5 cm2) and SSE (2.4*3.9 cm2) with respective thickness of 90 and 200 um were obtained. With LiIn alloy as the anode, the pouch cell delivered a discharge capacity of 1200 mAh g–1 at 0.05C after the first cycle activation at 60 oC. The results indicated the feasibility of dry processing technology to fabricate sheet-type SSE and electrode.Figure 1. Voltage curves of the pouch cell during the first three cycles tested at 0.05C at 60 oC.(1) Kato, Y.; Hori, S.; Saito, T.; Suzuki, K.; Hirayama, M.; Mitsui, A.; Yonemura, M.; Iba, H.; Kanno, R. High-Power All-Solid-State Batteries Using Sulfide Superionic Conductors. Nat. Energy 2016, 1, 1–7.(2) Kamaya, N.; Homma, K.; Yamakawa, Y.; Hirayama, M.; Kanno, R.; Yonemura, M.; Kamiyama, T.; Kato, Y.; Hama, S.; Kawamoto, K.; Mitsui, A. A Lithium Superionic Conductor. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 682–686.(3) Emley, B.; Liang, Y.; Chen, R.; Wu, C.; Pan, M.; Fan, Z.; Yao, Y. On the Quality of Tape-Cast Thin Films of Sulfide Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries. Mater. Today Phys. 2021, 18. 100397. Figure 1

Improving fifth- grade students’ learning outcomes using problem-based learning model in the integrated thematic learning

The study was motivated by the learning process that has not been student-cantered, students were less active in learning, teachers had not applied innovative group-based models, and student learning outcomes were still low. The approach used by researchers in this study was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach. the method used in this study was classroom action research (CAR). This study was conducted in the first semester of the 2022/2023 school year. The subjects in this study were 23 students. The data source was the process and results of implementing integrated thematic learning with a problem-based learning model. The techniques used were observation, tests and non-tests. The results of the study showed that students’ learning outcomes increased from the learning activities in cycle I to cycle II. This study concluded that the problem-based learning model can improve student learning outcomes in integrated thematic learning.

MicroRNA expression profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of rats after single prolonged stress.

The experience of traumatic stress can engender lasting memories associated with the trauma, often resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, only a minority of individuals develop PTSD symptoms upon exposure. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the pathology of PTSD are poorly understood. Utilizing a rat model of PTSD, the Single Prolonged Stress (SPS) paradigm, we were able to differentiate between resilient and susceptible individuals. Fourteen days after the SPS exposure, we conducted the behavioral analyses using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field (OF) tests to identify male rats as trauma resilient or susceptible. We focused on the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortical regions, known to be crucial in regulating the stress response. Our investigation of stressed rats exposed to the SPS procedure yielded divergent response, and differential expression microRNAs (DEmiRs) analysis indicated significant differences in the IL and PL transcriptional response. In the IL cortex, the GO analysis revealed enriched GO terms in the resilient versus control comparison, specifically related to mitogen-activated protein kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways for their molecular functions as well as cytosol and nucleoplasm for the biological process. In the susceptible versus resilient comparison, the changes in molecular functions were only manifested in the functions of regulation of transcription involved in the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle and skeletal muscle satellite cell activation. However, no enriched GO terms were found in the susceptible versus control comparison. In the PL cortex, results indicated that the DEmiRs were enriched exclusively in the cellular component level of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in the comparison between resilient and control rats. Overall, our study utilized an animal model of PTSD to investigate the potential correlation between stress-induced behavioral dysfunction and variations in miRNA expression. The aforementioned discoveries have the potential to pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches for PTSD, which could involve the targeted regulation of transcriptome expression.

Energy transmission processes in the effectuation chain of solar forcing to the terrestrial atmosphere—a review

The Sun has an obvious quasi-11-year cycle and numerous short-term eruptive activities. There are four processes of energy transmission in the effectuation chain of solar forcing to the climate system: solar energy input into the atmosphere, atmospheric absorption of the input energy, transformation of the absorbed energy into dynamic and thermodynamic responses in the atmosphere, and coupling among all the layers affected by solar forcings. However, the four processes have not been discussed in their entirety. This present paper reviews studies over the last decade on how solar radiation varies during the solar cycle and solar eruptions, and, correspondingly, how the terrestrial atmosphere absorbs the input solar energy.

Effect of plasma treatment on electrochemical performance of lignin-based carbon fibers

The abundant and renewable nature of lignin obtained from wood renders it as a sustainable carbon resource for energy storage applications. However, their environmentally unfavorable processing conditions and limited energy storage performance prohibit the use of lignin-based carbon materials' use as supercapacitor electrodes. The material's properties require advancement to overcome the limitation of low specific capacitances. In this study, we report on the impact on the electrochemical performance of inherently hydrophobic lignin-based carbon fibers (LCF) by subjecting them to a mild plasma treatment. The electrode’s capacitance was thus increased by 20%, with better rate capability and energy-power performance (11 Wh/kg and 0.8 kW/kg) in the KOH electrolyte. The quantified improvements were attributed to the capacitive functional groups, and enhanced surface wettability, which increased ion accessibility to active surface area improving charge-transfer ability to the surface with more additional functional groups. Remarkably, the selected plasma conditions introduced mostly desirable functional groups that limited any parasitic faradaic reactions prone to affect the device's long-term cycling stability and self-discharge characteristics. Furthermore, the impact of different inherent and introduced oxygen surface functional groups, including COO−, COH, CO, and CO, on the capacitive performance of these fibers at different device conditions (such as cycling and electrochemical activation) was investigated in different aqueous electrolytes. To ensure environmental favorability, the electrospinning of lignin fibers was conducted using a high molecular fraction of lignin without the inclusion of any fossil-based co-spinning polymers.

Application of Tamyiz Method in Improving Maharah Kitabah

Application of Tamyiz Method in Improving Maharah Kitabah. This study aims to increase the maharah kitabah of the tenth-grade students of MA Plus Nururrohmah Kebumen by applying the Tamyiz method. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in cycles (cycles) in two cycles of action and consists of four stages as follows: 1). Planning 2). Action, 3). Observing, and 4). Reflecting. Data collection techniques were in the form of tests and nontests, while the research instruments included pre-test items, post-test items, observation sheets, and interviews. The data analysis technique is descriptive comparative by comparing the learning outcomes in the pre-cycle, Cycle I, and Cycle II. The results showed that the taharah ketubah could be improved using the Tamyiz method, which can be used as an alternative to learning Maharaj ketubah. This is evidenced by an increase in student learning outcomes reaching the KKM. Student activity in the first Cycle of the first meeting was 75% in the excellent category, and at the second meeting increased to 82% in the outstanding category. The percentage of student activities in the second Cycle of the first meeting was 89 in the outstanding category; in the second meeting, the percentage was 93% in the outstanding category. The average student activity in the second Cycle is 91%, with an outstanding category. Based on these results, the "Tamyiz" method can increase the Maharah Kitabah.